- Review Articles
- Neurology
- Myths and truths about pediatric psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
- Jung Sook Yeom, Heather Bernard, Sookyong Koh
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):251-259. Published online October 17, 2020
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• Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are events that look like epileptic seizures but are not caused by abnormal electrical discharges.
• PNES are a manifestation of psychological and emotional distress.
• Treatment for PNES does not begin with the psychological intervention but starts with the diagnosis and how the diagnosis is delivered.
• A multifactorial biopsychosocial process and a neurobiological review are both essential components when treating PNES
- Gastroenterology
- Causes of acute gastroenteritis in Korean children between 2004 and 2019
- Eell Ryoo
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):260-268. Published online September 18, 2020
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· Norovirus is the most common virus in Korean children with acute gastroenteritis.
· Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Korean children, with a detection rate of 3%–20%.
· Uncommon bacterial and parasitic gastroenteritis require attention because of increasing international exchange and overseas travel.
- Cardiology
- Application of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for congenital heart disease
- Heeyoung Seok, Rui Deng, Douglas B. Cowan, Da-Zhi Wang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):269-279. Published online March 2, 2021
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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system has made a big step in the genome editing which still requires technical developments for the efficient applications in the many fields including congenital heart diseases (CHDs), closely related to the genomic abnormality. In this review, we tried to cover the most updated researches of CRISPR-Cas9 in the CHDs to understand the current technologies, eventually becoming therapeutic bases for the CHD patients.
- Editorials
- Infection
- Babies born to mothers positive for SARS-CoV-2 – Are they in danger?
- Joon Kee Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):280-281. Published online May 4, 2021
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Concerns have arisen in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic upon pregnancy and postnatal care starting from reproductive decision-making. To the utmost knowledge, reproductive decisions should not be based primarily on health-related COVID-19 concerns, as the possibility of vertical transmission is negligible and the perinatal outcome is generally not poor compared to pregnancies without COVID-19, as long as infection control measures are well kept.
- Neurology
- Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures; beyond differentiating from epileptic seizures
- Sang Ook Nam
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):282-283. Published online November 12, 2020
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- Infection
- Should we prescribe carbapenem for treating febrile urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in children with vesicoureteral reflux?
- Ji Young Park
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):284-285. Published online January 5, 2021
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Recent studies are focused on the noninferiority of noncarbapenem therapy for the treatment of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae infections to reduce the utilization of carbapenem.
- Original Articles
- Other
- Association between pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl exposure during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder among children: a meta-analysis
- Fereshteh Mehri, Saeid Bashirian, Salman khazaei, Ensiyeh Jenabi
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):286-292. Published online July 27, 2020
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· This meta-analysis analyzed the association between pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) risk among children.
· A significant association was noted between PCB and pesticide exposure during pregnancy and ASD risk among children (odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–2.34 and OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02–1.39), respectively.
· Pesticide and PCB exposure during pregnancy may affect ASD risk among children.
- Infection
- Febrile urinary tract infection in children: changes in epidemiology, etiology, and antibiotic resistance patterns over a decade
- Woosuck Suh, Bi Na Kim, Hyun Mi Kang, Eun Ae Yang, Jung-Woo Rhim, Kyung-Yil Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):293-300. Published online October 14, 2020
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Question: How has the antibiotic susceptibility of urinary pathogens changed and what does it imply?
Finding: A yearly increase in multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing pathogens was observed. A higher recurrence rate was observed in cases of febrile urinary tract infection caused by ESBL producers in patients with underlying vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Meaning: The initial empirical antibiotic should reflect the changing susceptibility patterns and underlying VUR status.
- Gastroenterology
- Celiac disease in children: Increasing prevalence and changing clinical presentations
- Hasan M. Isa, Eman Farid, Jaafar J. Makhlooq, Afaf M. Mohamed, Jumana G. Al-Arayedh, Fawzeya A. Alahmed, Shima Medani
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):301-309. Published online October 17, 2020
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Question: What are the prevalence and clinical characteristics of celiac disease (CD) in children in Bahrain?
Finding: We found a significant increase in CD prevalence over the last decade (P=0.0001). A male predominance was noted. Atypical presentations were common. Most patients had poor adherence to a gluten-free diet.
Meaning: CD is an underdiagnosed condition. Atypical symptoms should be considered to prevent missing patients with CD.
- Clinical note
- Neurology
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody encephalitis following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a pediatric patient
- Nusrat Ahsan, Saba Jafarpour, Jonathan D. Santoro
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):310-312. Published online February 1, 2021
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Question: Although neurologic complications have been reported during the acute phase of infection in children, less is known about the postinfectious phenomenon associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) virus.
Finding: We present a case of a 7-year-old female with a prior asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 who subsequently developed encephalopathy and status epilepticus in association with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody positivity.
Meaning: Here we present the first case of postinfectious of a MOG spectrum disorder associated with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric patient.
