Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Original Article

General Pediatrics

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dengue vaccine: a baseline study of community members and health providers in Indonesia (2,168 times)

Abdul Wahab, Ida Safitri Laksanawati, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Asal Wahyuni Erlin Mulyadi, Wahyu Triadmajani, Jarir At Thobari

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):228-237. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Do community members and health providers show different level of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards dengue vaccine?
Finding: These 2 groups only differed in practice component, while the knowledge and attitude constituents were relatively low for both.
Meaning: There is an urgent need to deliver educational interventions to raise awareness of community members and health providers regarding dengue vaccination.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00962

Review Article

Other

Global trends in importance of 24-hour movement behaviors to pediatric health: implications for South Korea (2,167 times)

Eun-Young Lee, Reyana Jayawardena, Seiyeong Park, Justin Y Jeon, Yeon-Soo Kim, Mark S. Tremblay

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):16-29. Published online November 11, 2024

· The 24-hour movement behavior paradigm provides an important framework for future pediatric health promotion efforts.
· Policy priorities should include advancing surveillance and monitoring assessments related to 24-hour movement behaviors, evaluating their implementation in school and government policies, and building preparedness for future pandemics and natural disasters, including climate change, by promoting healthy 24-hour movement behaviors.
· Future research should advocate for the promotion of 24- hour movement behaviors.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00178

Neurology

Electroencephalography source localization (2,147 times)

Tae-Hoon Eom

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):201-209. Published online December 29, 2022

Web of Science 8 Crossref 10

· Electroencephalography (EEG) directly images the electrical activity of neurons at a higher temporal resolution than other neuroimaging techniques.
· EEG is still widely used in brain function research due to its advantages.
· Forward and inverse problems of EEG analyses require solutions.
· Methods such as the dipole and distributed source models have been introduced.
· Applications of EEG are expanding with the integration of other technologies and large-scale data.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00962

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Kidney complications associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents: a brief review (2,142 times)

Hee Sun Baek, Min Hyun Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(10):424-431. Published online June 28, 2023

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

Several observational studies have shown that acute kidney injury affects up to 46% of children and adolescents who develop severe postinflammatory responses, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in childhood, due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although causality has not been established, some cases of glomerulopathy or nephrotic syndrome occurring after COVID-19 infection or vaccination have been reported. Therefore, kidney complications associated with these conditions in children and adolescents warrant attention.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00738

Rheumatology

Double-negative T cells in pediatric rheumatic diseases (2,115 times)

Dimitri Poddighe, Tilektes Maulenkul, Kuanysh Dossybayeva, Gulsamal Zhubanova, Zaure Mukusheva, Lyudmila Akhmaltdinova

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):632-640. Published online September 12, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Double-negative T (DNT) cells appear to be increased in several pediatric rheumatic diseases and this finding may be correlated with disease activity to some extent. However, due to significant heterogeneity in several methodological aspects, further investigations in rheumatic children are needed to assess the potential relevance of DNT cells as biomarkers and clarify their immunopathological role.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01760

Gastroenterology

Value of transabdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing functional constipation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2,106 times)

Duc Long Tran, Phu Nguyen Trong Tran, Paweena Susantitaphong, Phichayut Phinyo, Palittiya Sintusek

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):127-135. Published online November 13, 2024

Transabdominal ultrasonography is increasingly used as a novel modality for detecting pediatric functional constipation (FC). This systematic review and metaanalysis aimed to assess the diagnostic parameters of FC including rectal diameter (RD) and anterior rectal wall thickness. A systematic search was conducted of the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases through September 29, 2023, to identify studies comparing RD...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00927

Infection

Safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines: February 26, 2021, To June 4, 2022, Republic of Korea (2,105 times)

Yeon-Kyeng Lee, Yunhyung Kwon, Yesul Heo, Eun Kyoung Kim, Seung Yun Kim, Hoon Cho, Seontae Kim, Mijeong Ko, Dosang Lim, Soon-Young Seo, Enhi Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(10):415-423. Published online June 13, 2023

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

· Enhanced safety monitoring system of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were implemented to detect signals rapidly as part of the national COVID-19 vaccination program.
· As of June 4, 2023, reported adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination was 0.38% among 125,107,883 doses of COVID- 19 vaccines administered.
· Most reported adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccinations have shown nonserious and mild intensity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00815

Original Article

Infection

Clinical, biochemical, and genetic study of TACE/TNF-α/ACE signaling pathway in pediatric COVID-19 infection (2,101 times)

Ahmed El-Abd Ahmed, Sawsan M.A. Abuhamdah, Mohammed H. Hassan, Nagwan I. Rashwan, Eman A. Abd-Elmawgood, Haggagy Mansour, Hoda S. Sherkawy, Shymaa G. Rizk

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):704-717. Published online November 27, 2024

Question: Is the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway (TNF-α-converting enzyme [TACE]/TNF-α/angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE]) involved in pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection?
Finding: Significantly increased circulating TACE/TNF-α and decreased ACE2 levels were noted. TNF-α-308G/A plays a significant role in susceptibility to COVID-19 infection among children. The ACE (I/D) (rs4646994) and ACE2 (rs2285666) single nucleotide polymorphisms lack significant associations with pediatric COVID-19 infection.
Meaning: The TNF signaling pathway participates in pediatric COVID-19 infection.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00941

Pulmonology

Polysomnographic features of children with obesity: body mass index predict severe obstructive sleep apnea in obese children? (2,062 times)

Rungrat Sukharom, Prakarn Tovichien, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Pinyapach Tiamduangtawan, Wattanachai Chotinaiwattarakul

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):80-90. Published online November 6, 2024

Question: How Common is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in obese children? OSA is common in obese children, even without habitual snoring.
Finding: Among the subjects, 60.6% had positional OSA, 40.2% had rapid eye movement-related OSA, 59.8% had desaturation, 20.5% had sleep-related hypoventilation, and 5.0% had obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Body mass index (BMI) and neck and waist circumferences were significantly associated with severe OSA.
Meaning: We recommend screening obese children (BMI > 29.2 kg/m²) for OSA.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00066

Gastroenterology

Inferior vena cava to aorta ratio in dehydrated pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2,016 times)

Gilbert Sterling Octavius, Michelle Imanuelly, Johan Wibowo, Nadia Khoirunnisa Heryadi, Melanie Widjaja

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(11):477-484. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: The inferior vena cava to aorta (IVC/Ao) ratio measured via ultrasound has been touted as a promising noninvasive technique to assess clinically significant dehydration in pediatric patients.
Finding: Our meta-analysis found that IVC/Ao ratio had a positive likelihood ratio of 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1–5.1) and negative likelihood ratio of 0.18 (95% CI, 0.12–0.28).
Meaning: Hence, IVC/Ao ratio is insufficient to exclude or confirm significant dehydration in pediatric patients.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01445

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Short-term outcomes of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum in preterm neonates: a double-blind placebocontrolled randomized trial (2,010 times)

Ameneh Lamsehchi, Maryam Shokouhi Solgi, Mohammad Kazem Sabzehei, Behnaz Basiri, Elahe Talebi Ghane, Kiana Kimiaei Asadi, Sina Azadnajafabad

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):73-79. Published online October 31, 2024

Question: What are the short-term outcomes of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) in preterm neonates?
Finding: This study demonstrated the significantly lower rates of necrotizing enterocolitis, clinically suspected sepsis, shorter hospital stay, period to full enteral feeding, and antibiotic therapy period in the OAC group.
Meaning: This trial may further expand the clinical application of OAC in premature infants to reduce their length of hospital stay and complications.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00591

Clinical Note

Immunology

Comparative analysis of rare periodic fever syndromes including the first Korean case of hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome (1,997 times)

Yoonsun Yoon, Hyun Seo Kim, Jung Ok Shim, JungHwa Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):550-552. Published online September 24, 2024

Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00787

Original Article

Nutrition

Not breastfeeding and risk of autism spectrum disorders among children: a meta-analysis (1,964 times)

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Saeid Bashirian, Amir Mohammad Salehi, Salman Khazaei

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):28-31. Published online July 19, 2022

Web of Science 5 Crossref 8

This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between not breastfeeding (versus breastfeeding) and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children. We found that the risk of ASD associated with not breastfeeding had an odds ratio of 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.35–2.27; I²=0 %). These findings suggest the importance of breastfeeding in decreasing the risk of ASD among children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01872

Review Article

Critical Care Medicine

Ferritin in pediatric critical illness: a scoping review (1,947 times)

Ivy Cerelia Valerie, Anak Agung Sagung Mirah Prabandari, Dyah Kanya Wati

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):98-109. Published online September 16, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

The number of studies on ferritin predictive ability in pediatric critical illness has grown exponentially over the past 2 decades. However, among the 66 of 1,580 studies analyzed here, summary statistics for overall and condition-specific studies were only reported in 45.4% and 71.2%, respectively. In contrast, ferritin as a categorical variable with a preset threshold was a significant predictor in 84.6% of studies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00654

Original Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

A thickened formula reduces feeding-associated oxygen desaturation and bradycardia in preterm infants (1,943 times)

Gayoung Lee, Juyoung Lee, Ga Won Jeon, Yong Hoon Jun

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):32-37. Published online December 15, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

Question: Is a commercial thickened formula able to alleviate oral feeding-associated desaturation and bradycardia in preterm infants?
Finding: Thickened formula feeding significantly reduced oral feeding-associated desaturation and bradycardia in preterm infants.
Meaning: Thickened formula feeding stabilizes oxygen saturation and heart rate during oral feeding among preterm infants with feeding difficulties.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00780

Review Article

Allergy

Skin and oral intervention for food allergy prevention based on dual allergen exposure hypothesis (1,942 times)

Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada, Yukihiro Ohya

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):477-485. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 6 Crossref 7

To prevent food allergy in infants, based on the dual allergen exposure hypothesis, we recommend a personalized approach consisting of both skin intervention (eczema treatment to achieve early remission and well-controlled skin without eczema to prevent percutaneous immunoglobulin E sensitization) and oral intervention (early allergenic food introduction).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00045

Trends of vitamin D in asthma in the pediatric population for two decades: a systematic review (1,931 times)

Myongsoon Sung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(8):339-347. Published online June 14, 2023

· Vitamin D may affect asthma via multiple mechanisms, including lung and optimal immune system functions.
· Many clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of vitamin D on asthma onset and aggravation. However, definitive clinical trials are lacking, and reports have detailed contradictory effects of vitamin D in children with asthma.
· Some exciting reports stated that obesity and vitamin D deficiency are associated with increased asthma symptoms in the pediatric population.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01109

Gastroenterology

Role of social media use in onset of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children (1,905 times)

Mauro Cinquetti, Vanessa Dargenio, Michele Fingerle, Carolina Marchiotto, Marco Biasin, Massimo Pettoello Mantovani, Flavia Indrio

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):226-232. Published online December 21, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 4

· Social media use can cause adverse health outcomes, including gastrointestinal disorders, in children and adolescents.
· Recent findings have shown a high prevalence of social media use and decreased well-being in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
· The biopsychosocial nature of functional gastrointestinal disorders and the clear influence of social media on the psychosocial lives of children suggests the likely involvement of social media in their development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00843

High-resolution anorectal manometry in children (1,905 times)

Yogesh Waikar

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):57-63. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

· Anorectal manometry is safe in children.
· Defecation Dyssynergia is one of the commonest cause of chronic constipation.
· Positive Rectoanal inhibiory reflex rules out Hirschsprung's Disease

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01242

Original Article

Critical Care Medicine

Timing of parenteral nutrition initiation in critically ill children: a randomized clinical trial (1,904 times)

Nagwan Y. Saleh, Hesham M. Aboelghar, Nehad B. Abdelaty, Mohamed I. Garib, Asmaa A. Mahmoud

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(9):403-411. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 3 Crossref 4

Question: What is the ideal initiation timing of parenteral nutrition for critically ill children?
Finding: This randomized clinical trial of 140 children examined the effects of an early or late start of parenteral nutrition on mechanical ventilation need (primary outcome) and length of stay and mortality (secondary outcomes).
Meaning: Children who received early versus late parenteral nutrition had lower mechanical ventilation need and duration.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00178

Neurology

Long-term neurological cognitive, behavioral, functional, and quality of life outcomes after fetal myelomeningocele closure: a systematic review (1,897 times)

Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan, Martin Susanto, Sarma Nursani Lumbanraja, Dwi Herawati Ritonga

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):38-45. Published online November 30, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

· Fetal myelomeningocele closure significantly improved long-term neurological cognitive, behavioral, functional, and quality of life outcomes, most likely by reducing hydrocephalus rates.
· However, fetal myelomeningocele closure is associated with a significant risk of pregnancy complications, especially premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01102

Review Article

Endocrinology

A review of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in endocrine-related disorders (1,874 times)

Nur Faten Hafizah Rosli, Noor Shafina Mohd Nor, Rose Adzrianee Adnan, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):30-52. Published online November 6, 2024

Crossref 1

· The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high among children and adolescents and mainly attributed to changes in environmental factors.
· Vitamin D hormone-like properties are associated with many endocrine-related disorders.
· The effect of vitamin D is modulated by the vitamin D receptor, polymorphisms of which are reportedly associated with an increased risk of disease development in children and adolescents.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00227

Allergy

Recent topics on gastrointestinal allergic disorders (1,868 times)

Yoshiyuki Yamada

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):240-249. Published online January 9, 2023

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

Gastrointestinal (GI) allergies are divided into immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, and mixed types. In addition to non-IgE-mediated, overlapping eosinophilic GI disorders (EGIDs) have increased in Japan. EGIDs, a mixed-type allergy category, include eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and non-EoE EGIDs. The number of EoE cases has increased in Western countries, followed by Asian countries. Recent GI allergies may also be associated with type 2 inflammation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01053

Cardiology

Arrhythmia and COVID-19 in children (1,842 times)

Mi Kyoung Song, Bryan Kwon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):190-200. Published online April 18, 2023

Web of Science 3 Crossref 5

· Pediatric patients have a relatively low incidence of tachyarrhythmia both in acute coronavirus disease 2019 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), but it was associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes.
· Conduction abnormalities were not uncommon, especially in those with MIS-C. Most patients recovered to normal sinus rhythm; however, some progressed to advanced atrioventricular block and rarely required permanent pacemaker implantation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00024

Original Article

Nutrition

Parental support and exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months in West Java, Indonesia: a mixed-methods approach (1,832 times)

Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Fadila Wirawan, Wawan Gunawan, Primasti Nuryandari Putri, Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(7):358-367. Published online June 21, 2024

Question: Does paternal support affect exclusive breastfeeding failure?
Finding: Exclusive breastfeeding failure by 3 months was affected by paternal support.
Meaning: Fathers should be included in breastfeeding education and antenatal care.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01375

Cardiology

Effect of face mask on pulmonary artery pressure during echocardiography in children and adolescents (1,824 times)

Alireza Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza Sabri, Zohreh Sadat Navabi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):161-167. Published online January 23, 2024

Question: Can face masks alter pulmonary pressure in children and adolescents with and without congenital heart disease?
Findings: Mask removal during echocardiography (ECHO) reduced pulmonary pressure.
Meaning: These findings suggest that face masks should be removed during ECHO in children and adolescents.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01172

Review Article

Endocrinology

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children (1,822 times)

Kyungchul Song, Ho-Seong Kim, Hyun Wook Chae

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(12):512-519. Published online January 9, 2023

Web of Science 16 Crossref 16

· The prevalence of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increased from 8.2% in 2009 to 12.1% in 2018 in Korea.
· Laboratory tests, biomarkers, and imaging studies are used for the early detection of NAFLD.
· Insulin resistance is closely related to NAFLD.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01312

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: from diagnosis to management (1,807 times)

Eujin Park, Hee Gyung Kang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):17-25. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), the most common cause of hypophosphatemic rickets, affects 1/20,000 people.
· XLH is caused by a loss-of-function mutation of the PHEX gene.
· Its main pathogenesis is elevated fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) level.
· Burosumab, an FGF23 inhibitor, was developed in the early 2000s.
· Burosumab was approved in Korea in 2020 for XLH patients aged 1+ years with radiographic evidence of bone disease.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01459

Infection

Incidence, causative organisms, and risk factors of bloodstream infections in pediatric liver transplant patients: a systematic review (1,784 times)

Mohamad Shieb, Rand Hasanain, Zara Arshad, Faisal A. Nawaz, Rahul Kashyap, Eric J. Stern

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):427-434. Published online April 5, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

The overall incidence of bloodstream infections was 23.5%. Gram-negative organisms occur at a much higher rate in pediatric liver transplant recipients then that the general pediatric population. However, when comparing pediatric and adult liver transplant recipients Gram-positive organisms occur with a much higher rate in the pediatric population highlighting the importance of early and broad spectrum antimicrobial coverage when bloodstream infections are suspected.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01466

Original Article

Gastroenterology

Relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperandrogenemia in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (1,775 times)

Ozlem Kara, Hanife Aysegul Arsoy, Murat Keskin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(9):395-402. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 6 Crossref 4

Question: Is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescents?
Finding: The frequency of NAFLD did not increase in adolescents with PCOS. However, hyperandrogenemia was a risk factor for NAFLD.
Meaning: Adolescents with PCOS and hyperandrogenemia should be closely monitored for hepatic steatosis.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00353

Cited By 21	Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants
Cited By 19	Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
Cited By 17	Association of gut microbiota with obesity in children and adolescents
Cited By 16	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children
Cited By 16	Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Most viewed