Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Endocrinology

Two- versus one-bag fluid delivery in pediatric and adolescent diabetic ketoacidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (3,978 times)

Maya L. Nasser, Joseph Nasr, Reem B. Zalloum, Nathanael Q.E. Yap, Natalie E. Bourdakos, Shahid Miangul, Tara A. Betts, Hayato Nakanishi, Christian A. Than, Serge Jabbour

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):486-497. Published online June 27, 2024

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

· The safety and efficacy of the two-bag versus one-bag system for treating patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) < 21 years remains unestablished.
· Our meta-analysis demonstrated similar safety outcomes but sooner DKA resolution and shorter mean response time for intravenous fluid changes for the two-bag system.
· This preliminary evidence suggests that the two-bag system has some advantages in efficacy, but further studies are needed to evaluate their extent.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01536

Nutrition

Exploring nutritional screening tools for hospitalized children: a narrative review (3,975 times)

Pankaj Soni, Amit Agrawal, Gaurav Jadon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):963-970. Published online October 22, 2025

Web of Science 3 Crossref 4

Malnutrition is frequently identified in hospitalized children, and the use of nutritional screening tools is crucial for assessing their nutritional status during their hospital admission and stay. Common tools include the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score, Screening Tool for Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, and Screening Tool for Risk of Nutritional Status and Growth. However, these tools have varying sensitivities and specificities, and none is recommended for all hospitalized children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00633

Original Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Incidence of neural tube defects in tertiary care university hospital in Bangladesh (3,966 times)

Ismat Jahan, Arif Hossain, Shah Nizam Uddin Shaon, Sadeka Choudhury Moni, Mohammad Kamrul Hassan Shabuj, Sanjoy Kumer Dey, Mohammad Abdul Mannan, Mohammod Shahidullah

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(7):530-538. Published online April 1, 2025

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: What is the burden of neural tube defects (NTDs) in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit in Bangladesh?
Finding: The overall incidence of NTD was 6.4 (range, 4.59–11.2) per 1,000 live births, and the meningomyelocele complex was the most frequent location.
Meaning: The high incidence of NTD found in a leading tertiary care multidisciplinary referral hospital in Bangladesh may not reflect that of the wider population.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01578

Infection

Evolving treatment strategies for invasive Streptococcus pyogenes in children in the postpandemic era (3,948 times)

Laura Buricchi, Giuseppe Indolfi, Marco Renni, Elisabetta Venturini, Luisa Galli, Elena Chiappini

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):921-931. Published online August 11, 2025

Web of Science 3 Crossref 4

Question: What are the roles of linezolid, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and corticosteroids in pediatric invasive group A streptococcal infection (iGAS)? Can any improve outcomes beyond beta-lactams and clindamycin?
Finding: Two of 46 patients with iGAS died. Nearly all received beta-lactams plus clindamycin. Linezolid was effective in refractory cases. IVIG and corticosteroids had variable efficacies.
Meaning: Linezolid may be valuable in refractory cases. IVIG may be considered in severe presentations. The role of corticosteroids remains less clearly defined.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00479

Oncology

Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for treatment of relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancy in children and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (3,921 times)

Ghea Mangkuliguna, Edi Setiawan Tehuteru, Reganedgary Jonlean, Nicholas Adrianto, Stella Kallista

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):712-721. Published online July 4, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Does consolidative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy improve outcomes of children and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies?
Finding: The meta-analysis showed reduced relapse rates and favorable survival trends with allo-SCT despite low evidence quality.
Meaning: Consolidative allo-SCT after CAR T-cell therapy may enhance survival; however, further clinical studies are needed.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00031

Neurology

Evaluation of pediatric migraine triggers: a single-center study (3,876 times)

Hey-Joon Son, Joo-Ok Jin, Kon-Hee Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):163-169. Published online November 11, 2024

Web of Science 4 Crossref 9

Question: What are the primary triggers for pediatric migraines, and how do they impact clinical management?
Finding: Common triggers for pediatric migraines include sleep disturbances, academic stress, and motion sickness, with academic stress identified as the most intense.
Meaning: Recognizing and addressing specific triggers like sleep disturbance and academic stress is crucial to effectively managing pediatric migraines with emphasis on personalized care to improve outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00738

Hematology

Hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-thalassemia: links to vitamin cofactor deficiencies and oxidative stress (3,873 times)

Arzu Dadashova, Gunay Aliyeva, Rana Rahimova, Gulnara Azizova, Khayala Mammadova

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):819-830. Published online July 8, 2025

Web of Science 4 Crossref 6

Question: What are the biochemical and clinical correlates of hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-thalassemia, and how does it relate to vitamin status, oxidative stress, and splenectomy?
Finding: Most pediatric β-thalassemia patients exhibited severe hyperhomocysteinemia, which was strongly associated with folate and B₁₂ deficiencies and influenced oxidative stress patterns, particularly in splenectomized individuals.
Meaning: These findings suggest that routine monitoring and correction of B-vitamin deficiencies may mitigate hyperhomocysteinemia-related risks in pediatric thalassemia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00556

Review Article

Other

MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases (3,858 times)

Hwal Rim Jeong, Il Tae Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):119-125. Published online May 24, 2023

Web of Science 13 Crossref 11

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post transcriptionally, and MiRNA expression levels vary with developmental stages. MiRNAs play an important role in several biological processes in children, including growth, neuro-development, inflammation, and tumor formation. Research on miRNAs may uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying various pediatric diseases, leading to the development of novel biomarkers that aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these diseases.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00171

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Strategies to support language development in neonatal intensive care unit: a narrative review (3,847 times)

Ju Sun Heo, Ee-Kyung Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):651-663. Published online November 6, 2024

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

· Preterm infants often experience speech and language development delays during early childhood, impacting children's ultimate outcomes.
· Promoting breastfeeding, increasing parent-infant interactions in a single-family room, promoting a nurturing language environment by parental book reading and language interventions, and parent-integrated interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit could potentially enhance children's language development.
· Integrating these strategies through family-centered care is essential.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00087

Original Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Perinatal risk factors for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants (3,828 times)

Jie Hee Jue, So Young Shin, Jae Hyun Park, Chun Soo Kim, Hee Joung Choi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(4):313-321. Published online December 22, 2025

Question: What perinatal factors influence patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in and improve outcomes of preterm infants?
Finding: Lower birth weight, frequent surfactant treatment, and maternal hypertension increased hemodynamically significant PDA risk in very low birth weight infants, whereas chorioamnionitis and premature rupture of membranes protected against it. A lower birth weight and incomplete antenatal steroid use increased the risk of surgical ligation, whereas small for gestational age reduced it.
Meaning: Recognizing these factors may enable early, targeted intervention and reduce the need for surgical management.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01893

General Pediatrics

Global and regional burden of neonatal disorders (preterm birth, encephalopathy, jaundice, and sepsis), 1990–2021 and projections to 2050 (3,794 times)

Yuseon Kang, Jeongseon Oh, Dongjin Yeo, Jaeyu Park, Sooji Lee, Na Yun Kim, Jungmin Park, Seung Ha Hwang, Tae Hyeong Kim, Dong Keon Yon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(2):171-181. Published online October 30, 2025

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

This study provides the first comprehensive estimated global burden of neonatal disorders attributable to risk factors in 1990–2021 stratified by sex, cause, sociodemographic index (SDI), and region. We identified persistent disparities across SDI levels, with low birthweight and short gestation contributing most to the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate of neonatal disorders. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted context-specific interventions to reduce infant mortality and improve neonatal health equity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01480

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

C3 glomerulopathy in children: experience at a resource-limited center (3,762 times)

Soumya Reddy, Abhishek Ghante, Mahesha Vankalakunti, Anil Vasudevan

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):311-318. Published online November 28, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: What are the clinicopathological features and outcomes of pediatric C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) in resource-limited settings?
Finding: Children with C3G in resource-limited settings have significant morbidities, and most experience kidney sequelae despite treatment. Electron microscopy was performed in only 50% of our patients, while none received complement assays or genetic testing.
Meaning: Pediatric C3G presentation, management, and kidney outcomes vary. Its thorough evaluation and management are challenging in resource-limited settings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01256

Neurology

Occurrence of stroke in children and young adults in Indonesia: a multicenter private hospital study (3,755 times)

Jeanne Leman, Veli Sungono, Yosua Timotius Haryono, Muhammad Adam Mudzakir, Dewi Lestari Rahmawati, Callistus Bruce Henfry Sulay, Gilbert Sterling Octavius

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):303-310. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

Question: What is the occurrence of pediatric stroke in Indonesia?
Finding: This multicenter study identified 1,074 stroke cases, predominantly hemorrhagic (83.4%), with males and older children at higher risk. Accidents were the primary cause (73.2%).
Meaning: Pediatric stroke in Indonesia shows critical epidemiological trends, highlighting the need for targeted prevention efforts, particularly for high-risk groups like males and accident victims.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01214

Cardiology

Influence of atrial septal defect on mitral valve growth after repair of coarctation of the aorta or an interrupted aortic arch in infants (3,753 times)

Yi-Chia Wang, Heng-Wen Chou, Chi-Hsiang Huang, Hsing-Hao Huang, Yih-Sharng Chen, En-Ting Wu, Shyh-Jye Chen, Ming-Tai Lin, Shuenn-Nan Chiu, Shu-Chien Huang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(4):322-329. Published online January 13, 2026

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Does atrial septal defect (ASD) physiology affect postrepair mitral valve growth in patients with coarctation of the aorta or an interrupted aortic arch?
Finding: Mitral valve growth occurred after biventricular repair but not single-ventricle palliation, particularly in patients with small valves and low ASD pressure gradients.
Meaning: The ASD pressure gradient determines mitral valve growth and should guide surgical strategies in patients with borderline hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.02110

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Evaluation of total serum bilirubin thresholds for discontinuing phototherapy in jaundiced neonates: a randomized study (3,734 times)

Ajay Kumar, Nidhi Jain

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(7):539-545. Published online February 26, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 3

Question: What are the outcomes of jaundiced neonates when phototherapy is discontinued at 2 different total serum bilirubin (TSB) thresholds?
Findings: The study involved 80 neonates, comparing a recommended TSB threshold and a lower threshold for phototherapy discontinuation. Results showed a 14.3% reinstitution rate of treatment, with no adverse outcomes.
Meaning: Careful posttreatment monitoring is essential when discontinuing phototherapy, and future research should consider updated guidelines like those from the American Academy of Pediatrics.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01249

Hematology

Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia in Thailand (3,734 times)

Kleebsabai Sanpakit, Kamala Laohverapanich, Bunchoo Pongtanakul, Nattee Narkbunnam, Chayamon Takpradit, Usanarat Anurathapan, Samart Pakakasama, Supanun Lauhasurayotin, Kanhatai Chiengthong, Thirachit Chotsampancharoen, Pornpun Sripornsawan, Piya Rujkijyanont, Duantida Songdej, Nongnuch Sirachainan, Suradej Hongeng

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(4):340-352. Published online March 13, 2026

Question: Can hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) cure pediatric transfusion-dependent thalassemia in Thailand? What influences its outcomes?
Finding: Among 266 HSCT procedures, 5-year overall survival and event-free survival rates were 91.3% and 81.0%, respectively. Outcomes were comparable between related and unrelated donors. Pre-HSCT ferritin >2,500 ng/mL, low CD34+ cell dose, and oral busulfan conditioning were associated with unfavorable survival. Longterm complications affected 22.7% of survivors.
Meaning: Optimizing pre-HSCT care, ensuring adequate grafting, and long-term surveillance are crucial.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.02173

Review Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Quantifying myelin in neonates using magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic literature review (3,726 times)

Nabila Hanem Arshad, Hasyma Abu Hassan, Nur Farhayu Omar, Zurina Zainudin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(8):371-385. Published online December 6, 2023

Web of Science 2

Question: This systematic review attempts to discover the best magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for myelin quantification in neonates by evaluating various MRI parameters and their reproducibility.
Finding: Since the benefits of using synthetic MRI for quantifying myelin in neonates outweigh the very minor draw- backs, it is recommended.
Meaning: The findings suggest the importance of identifying noninvasive MRI techniques available to assess myelin tissue in neonates, which aid in diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00514

Adolescence Medicine

Diet-related behaviors affecting health and substance use among children and adolescents (3,709 times)

Ji-Hyun Seo, Sochung Chung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):664-671. Published online October 31, 2024

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

· Diet behaviors in children and adolescents are influenced by environmental and sociocultural factors.
· Unhealthy diet behaviors and poor diet quality are the main contributing factors to noncommunicable diseases and mental health problems during childhood and adolescence.
· Smoking and alcohol drinking in children and adolescents may be associated with unhealthy diet behavior or poor diet quality.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01634

Original Article

General Pediatrics

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dengue vaccine: a baseline study of community members and health providers in Indonesia (3,709 times)

Abdul Wahab, Ida Safitri Laksanawati, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Asal Wahyuni Erlin Mulyadi, Wahyu Triadmajani, Jarir At Thobari

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):228-237. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 5 Crossref 5

Question: Do community members and health providers show different level of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards dengue vaccine?
Finding: These 2 groups only differed in practice component, while the knowledge and attitude constituents were relatively low for both.
Meaning: There is an urgent need to deliver educational interventions to raise awareness of community members and health providers regarding dengue vaccination.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00962

Hematology

Granulocyte transfusion improves survival in pediatric febrile neutropenia: a 15-year cohort study (3,688 times)

Witsanu Phetsai, Kleebsabai Sanpakit, Jassada Buaboonnam, Kamon Phuakpet, Nassawee Vathana, Nattee Narkbunnam, Fon Kladed, Chayamon Takpradit

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(3):236-246. Published online January 12, 2026

Question: Does granulocyte transfusion improve survival and clinical recovery in pediatric febrile neutropenia?
Finding: In this 15-year real-world cohort, granulocyte transfusion significantly increased 30-day survival (92.3 % vs. 65.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.105; P=0.020) and accelerated fever and neutrophil recovery without serious adverse events.
Meaning: Granulocyte transfusion may be an effective adjunctive therapy for severe neutropenic infections in children, particularly in low- and middle-income settings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01186

Editorial

Neonatology (Perinatology)

The predetermined future: tackling South Korea’s total fertility rate crisis (3,681 times)

Jin Kyu Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):225-227. Published online November 6, 2024

Web of Science 4 Crossref 4

· South Korea faces a severe demographic crisis with the lowest global fertility rate. Despite significant investments, the total fertility rate continues to decline.
· It is necessary to fully mobilize national capabilities and execute comprehensive strategies that focus on both intangible and tangible values.
· Immediate and decisive action is essential to addressing these challenges effectively.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00871

Original Article

Endocrinology

Thyroid peroxidase gene variants and susceptibility to congenital hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease among Egyptian pediatric cohort (3,641 times)

Hala M. Sakhr, Mohammed H. Hassan, Esraa Abbass Abdallah, Amira Mahmoud Ewis, Mohamed Hesham Mohamed, Shymaa Gaber Rizk

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(6):486-496. Published online March 26, 2026

Question: Which factors influence pediatric thyroid disorder susceptibility and severity?
Finding: Anemia, selenium deficiency, excess copper, and the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) Arg³⁸⁶His polymorphism, especially with the histidine/histidine genotype, are strongly associated with pediatric thyroid disease and high thyroid-stimulating hormone levels.
Meaning: Pediatric thyroid disorders are multifactorial. The TPO Arg³⁸⁶His variant may help identify children at higher risk of severe thyroid dysfunction, enabling earlier diagnosis, improved risk stratification, and more personalized clinical management.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.02957

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Prolonged cerebral oxygenation surveillance with algorithm-based management: a neurocritical care bundle for extremely preterm infants (3,628 times)

Kai-Hsiang Hsu, Wei-Hung Wu, Shu-Yu Lin, Chih-Chen Chang, Mei-Yin Lai, I-Hsyuan Wu, Shih-Ming Chu, Ming-Chou Chiang, Reyin Lien

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(4):304-312. Published online December 22, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

Question: Is prolonged monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rcSO₂) and hemodynamic parameters a feasible approach? Can these measures predict the neurological outcomes in extremely preterm infants?
Finding: We used a neurocritical care bundle from birth to discharge or term-equivalent age. Infants with poor outcomes had significantly lower rcSO₂ values.
Meaning: Understanding rcSO₂ and hemodynamic parameters may help manage cerebral hypoxia and reduce neurological complications in extremely preterm infants.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.02117

Neurology

Establishing an induced pluripotent stem cell bank using urine cells from pediatric patients with neurogenetic diseases (3,581 times)

Hien Bao Dieu Thai, WonWoo Jung, Sol Choi, Woo Joong Kim, JangSup Moon, ByungChan Lim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):569-577. Published online April 1, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

Question: What can be used to create a reliable supply of somatic cells for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generation and standardize procedures for building an iPSC bank for researching pediatric neurogenetic disorders?
Findings: Noninvasively acquired urine cells are a desirable cell source for iPSC reprogramming.
Meaning: An iPSC bank can be created from diverse patient cell sources and offer a useful resource for translating research results into clinical therapy for pediatric neurogenetic disorders.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01830

Review Article

Nutrition

Macronutrients modified dietary intervention in the management of overweight/obese children and adolescents: a systematic review (3,500 times)

Jihyun Park, Oh Yoen Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(4):191-200. Published online July 11, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· Dietary macronutrient modifications affect the body composition of and metabolic markers in children and adolescents.
· Hypocaloric diets, regardless of macronutrient composition, are reportedly effective for weight loss in obese children.
· Future interventional studies with meta-analyses that include Korean children and adolescents are needed to provide basic information applicable to this population.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00262

Original Article

Cardiology

Value of demographic factors in early identification of pediatric malignant vasovagal syncope in head-up tilt test (3,495 times)

Shuo Wang, Yuwen Wang, Hong Cai, Ping Liu, Fang Li, Chuan Wen, Liqun Liu, Runmei Zou, Cheng Wang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(4):353-361. Published online March 5, 2026

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Can demographic factors identify pediatric malignant vasovagal syncope pre-head-up tilt test (HUTT)?
Finding: Age/body mass index are independent protectors; <12.9 years age cuts risk 20%/yr.
Meaning: Enables early risk stratification to optimize HUTT safety for children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.02397

Other

Comparing ethyl chloride and 10% lignocaine spray for pediatric intravenous cannulation pain relief (3,489 times)

Susmitha Vellanki, Malavika Kulkarni, H.D. Arun Kumar, Deepali Shetty, Nikhil Karthik B, Mathew Tom

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):65-72. Published online November 21, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

Background: Intravenous cannulation (IVC) is a routine yet distressing procedure in pediatric patients, often provoking significant anxiety and procedural pain. Although eutectic mixtures such as eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream are widely used, their delayed onset limits their applicability in time-sensitive settings. Ethyl chloride vapocoolant spray and 10% lignocaine spray have been proposed as rapid-onset alternatives, yet direct comparative...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00010

Review Article

Oncology

Breaking the barrier: a guidelines-based review of antiangiogenesis drug resistance in pediatric cancer therapy (3,485 times)

Nader Shakibazad, Mahdi Shahriari, Mani Ramzi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):952-962. Published online November 24, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Antiangiogenic therapy resistance in pediatric cancers involves alternative angiogenic pathways, microenvironmental support, hypoxia-driven signaling, metabolic reprogramming, and structural adaptations such as vascular co-option. Metabolic adaptation highlights tumor plasticity. Effective treatments combine immunotherapy with biomarkers. To address vascular endothelial growth factor limitations, emerging targets include hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, endoglin, CXCR4, angiopoietin/Tie2, and bispecific antibodies. In resource-constrained settings, the guidelines recommend low-dose chemotherapy plus oral multiantiangiogenic agents to ensure improved accessibility and treatment outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01809

Original Article

Hematology

Effects of induction-phase acute kidney injury and age at diagnosis on chronic kidney disease in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a time-to-event cohort study (3,429 times)

Pongpak Phongphiew, Nuanpan Penboon, Kanhatai Chiengthong, Pornpimol Rianthavorn

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(5):407-416. Published online March 5, 2026

Question: In pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), what are the incidence and causes of induction-phase acute kidney injury (AKI), and which factors predict chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Finding: Induction AKI occurred in 43% of patients, while CKD developed in 1 of 8 patients. The 5-year CKD-free survival rate was 94%. Older age at diagnosis was a continuous independent determinant of CKD risk.
Meaning: Induction AKI is common and clinically relevant. Older children warrant closer kidney monitoring during and after therapy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.02327

Neurology

Classification of neurocognitive impairment in pediatric drug-resistant focal epilepsy by quantifying seizure-affected brain network abnormalities in clinical diffusion-weighted imaging connectome (3,384 times)

Jeong-Won Jeong, Min-Hee Lee, Yoon Ho Hwang, Michael Behen, Aimee Luat, Csaba Juhász, Eishi Asano

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(5):443-454. Published online March 13, 2026

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Does epilepsy affect neurocognitive functions in pediatric drug-resistant focal epilepsy?
Finding: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) connectome could identify new imaging markers for seizure-associated structural abnormalities. New markers reflect deviations of local efficiency in neurocognitive networks and provide outstanding discretionary capacity for neurocognitive impairments, achieving an accuracy range of 90%–98% in the independent test patients.
Meaning: Supplementary MRI-driven decisions could be performed for personalized interventions to mitigate long-term neurocognitive effects.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.02936

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