Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Other

Use of virtual reality in children in a broad range of medical settings: a systematic narrative review of recent meta-analyses (5,126 times)

Emily Antonovics, Grammatina Boitsios, Thomas Saliba

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(6):274-282. Published online May 21, 2024

Web of Science 13 Crossref 15

· Virtual reality (VR) is becoming increasingly common for entertainment and in medical settings.
· VR is useful for treating children with cerebral palsy.
· VR can help with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
· VR can decrease pain perception in children undergoing burn wound care.
· VR can reduce preoperative anxiety.
· VR can reduce fear and pain during needle-involving procedures.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00388

Editorial

Neurology

Screen time and neurodevelopment in preschoolers: addressing a growing concern in pediatric practice (5,044 times)

Soongang Park, Hyewon Woo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):434-436. Published online January 13, 2025

· Excessive screen time in preschoolers is associated with neurodevelopmental delays, particularly during the early years of life.
· Parental supervision and national guidelines are critical in mitigating the negative impacts of excessive screen time and fostering healthy media habits in preschoolers.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01536

Original Article

Critical Care Medicine

High-dose methylprednisolone and tocilizumab improve survival of patients with high-risk pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy (5,041 times)

Chaonan Fan, Fei Li, Kechun Li, Zheng Li, Yiyang Mao, Lijuan Wang, Gang Liu, Yingchao Liu, Quan Wang, Suyun Qian

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):56-64. Published online October 22, 2025

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: Which immunomodulatory strategies can reduce mortality in children with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE)?
Finding: High-dose methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the survival of high-risk patients, particularly when combined with tocilizumab.
Meaning: These findings support the use of a severity-based immunotherapy approach to optimize the outcomes of pediatric ANE.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01431

Review Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Recent advances in understanding pathophysiology of non-nutritional stunting in very preterm infants (4,987 times)

Eduardo Cuestas, Alina Rizzotti

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):287-297. Published online December 23, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

· Previous reviews of extrauterine growth restriction focused mainly on weight growth restriction caused by nutritional factors or pathological conditions.
· This review summarizes recent developments in the pathophysiology of nonnutritional length growth restriction in very preterm infants with focus on the impact of sustained neonatal inflammation on their short- and long-term outcomes.
· Further research is needed to investigate optimal strategies to improve length growth restriction in very preterm infants.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01354

Strategies to support language development in neonatal intensive care unit: a narrative review (4,934 times)

Ju Sun Heo, Ee-Kyung Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):651-663. Published online November 6, 2024

Crossref 1

· Preterm infants often experience speech and language development delays during early childhood, impacting children's ultimate outcomes.
· Promoting breastfeeding, increasing parent-infant interactions in a single-family room, promoting a nurturing language environment by parental book reading and language interventions, and parent-integrated interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit could potentially enhance children's language development.
· Integrating these strategies through family-centered care is essential.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00087

Original Article

Gastroenterology

Differences in immune cells and gene expression in human milk by parity on integrated scRNA sequencing (4,803 times)

Dae Yong Yi, Hong-Jai Park, Min Sun Shin, Hyoungsu Kim, Sang Jin Lee, Insoo Kang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):141-152. Published online January 10, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Is there a difference in immune cells in human breast milk by parity?
Finding: There were higher proportions of monocytes and T/B cells in the primiparous and multiparous group, respectively. The expression of genes with a direct role in the infant immune system and immune response-related genes were highest in the primiparous group
Meaning: There were parity-dependent differences in the expression of genes between innate and adaptive immune cells.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01585

Cardiology

Unsustainable and overworked: unpacking the challenges faced by pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in Korea (4,763 times)

Soo In Jeong, GI Beom Kim, Sung Hye Kim, Jae Yoon Na, Hong Ju Shin, Sin Weon Yun, Lucy Youngmin Eun, Sang Yun Lee, Chang-Ha Lee, Kwang Ho Choi, Seul Gi Cha, Mi Young Han

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):732-741. Published online August 6, 2025

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

Question: What are the key challenges affecting pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in Korea?
Finding: Excessive workloads, low procedural volumes, and legal risks contribute to high burnout. Regional disparities limit skill maintenance and threaten workforce sustainability.
Meaning: Targeted policies ensuring fair workloads, legal protections, and regional support are essential to stabilizing the pediatric cardiac workforce and maintaining high-quality care.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01123

Review Article

Endocrinology

Two- versus one-bag fluid delivery in pediatric and adolescent diabetic ketoacidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (4,749 times)

Maya L. Nasser, Joseph Nasr, Reem B. Zalloum, Nathanael Q.E. Yap, Natalie E. Bourdakos, Shahid Miangul, Tara A. Betts, Hayato Nakanishi, Christian A. Than, Serge Jabbour

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):486-497. Published online June 27, 2024

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

· The safety and efficacy of the two-bag versus one-bag system for treating patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) < 21 years remains unestablished.
· Our meta-analysis demonstrated similar safety outcomes but sooner DKA resolution and shorter mean response time for intravenous fluid changes for the two-bag system.
· This preliminary evidence suggests that the two-bag system has some advantages in efficacy, but further studies are needed to evaluate their extent.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01536

Original Article

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

C3 glomerulopathy in children: experience at a resource-limited center (4,716 times)

Soumya Reddy, Abhishek Ghante, Mahesha Vankalakunti, Anil Vasudevan

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):311-318. Published online November 28, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: What are the clinicopathological features and outcomes of pediatric C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) in resource-limited settings?
Finding: Children with C3G in resource-limited settings have significant morbidities, and most experience kidney sequelae despite treatment. Electron microscopy was performed in only 50% of our patients, while none received complement assays or genetic testing.
Meaning: Pediatric C3G presentation, management, and kidney outcomes vary. Its thorough evaluation and management are challenging in resource-limited settings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01256

General Pediatrics

Global and regional burden of neonatal disorders (preterm birth, encephalopathy, jaundice, and sepsis), 1990–2021 and projections to 2050 (4,524 times)

Yuseon Kang, Jeongseon Oh, Dongjin Yeo, Jaeyu Park, Sooji Lee, Na Yun Kim, Jungmin Park, Seung Ha Hwang, Tae Hyeong Kim, Dong Keon Yon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(2):171-181. Published online October 30, 2025

Web of Science 2 Crossref 1

This study provides the first comprehensive estimated global burden of neonatal disorders attributable to risk factors in 1990–2021 stratified by sex, cause, sociodemographic index (SDI), and region. We identified persistent disparities across SDI levels, with low birthweight and short gestation contributing most to the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate of neonatal disorders. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted context-specific interventions to reduce infant mortality and improve neonatal health equity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01480

Editorial

Allergy

Comorbidities of allergic rhinitis in children (4,466 times)

Yong Ju Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):675-676. Published online July 31, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

· Allergic rhinitis in children often goes undiagnosed or untreated, with significant systemic complications like sleep disorders, growth issues, and gastrointestinal symptoms linked to nasal obstruction.
· A patient-centered action plan that considers symptom severity, preferences, and comprehensive management of associated complications is essential for effective treatment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00164

Original Article

Other

Comparing ethyl chloride and 10% lignocaine spray for pediatric intravenous cannulation pain relief (4,446 times)

Susmitha Vellanki, Malavika Kulkarni, H.D. Arun Kumar, Deepali Shetty, Nikhil Karthik B, Mathew Tom

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):65-72. Published online November 21, 2025

Background: Intravenous cannulation (IVC) is a routine yet distressing procedure in pediatric patients, often provoking significant anxiety and procedural pain. Although eutectic mixtures such as eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream are widely used, their delayed onset limits their applicability in time-sensitive settings. Ethyl chloride vapocoolant spray and 10% lignocaine spray have been proposed as rapid-onset alternatives, yet direct comparative...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00010

Hematology

Hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-thalassemia: links to vitamin cofactor deficiencies and oxidative stress (4,430 times)

Arzu Dadashova, Gunay Aliyeva, Rana Rahimova, Gulnara Azizova, Khayala Mammadova

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):819-830. Published online July 8, 2025

Web of Science 2 Crossref 5

Question: What are the biochemical and clinical correlates of hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-thalassemia, and how does it relate to vitamin status, oxidative stress, and splenectomy?
Finding: Most pediatric β-thalassemia patients exhibited severe hyperhomocysteinemia, which was strongly associated with folate and B₁₂ deficiencies and influenced oxidative stress patterns, particularly in splenectomized individuals.
Meaning: These findings suggest that routine monitoring and correction of B-vitamin deficiencies may mitigate hyperhomocysteinemia-related risks in pediatric thalassemia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00556

Review Article

Other

MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases (4,420 times)

Hwal Rim Jeong, Il Tae Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):119-125. Published online May 24, 2023

Web of Science 12 Crossref 10

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post transcriptionally, and MiRNA expression levels vary with developmental stages. MiRNAs play an important role in several biological processes in children, including growth, neuro-development, inflammation, and tumor formation. Research on miRNAs may uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying various pediatric diseases, leading to the development of novel biomarkers that aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these diseases.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00171

Original Article

Infection

Clinical characteristics and associated factors of pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy: a retrospective study (4,355 times)

Huiling Zhang, Yilong Wang, Qianyun Ding, Xuekun Li, Sheng Ye

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):153-162. Published online November 11, 2024

Web of Science 2 Crossref 1

· The mortality rate of acute necrotizing encephalopathy was high.
· Laboratory tests revealed that the fatal group had higher creatinine, lactate, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, creatine kinase, and D-dimer than survivors.
· The fatal group displayed lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores and arterial pH.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00794

Review Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Quantifying myelin in neonates using magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic literature review (4,310 times)

Nabila Hanem Arshad, Hasyma Abu Hassan, Nur Farhayu Omar, Zurina Zainudin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(8):371-385. Published online December 6, 2023

Web of Science 1

Question: This systematic review attempts to discover the best magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for myelin quantification in neonates by evaluating various MRI parameters and their reproducibility.
Finding: Since the benefits of using synthetic MRI for quantifying myelin in neonates outweigh the very minor draw- backs, it is recommended.
Meaning: The findings suggest the importance of identifying noninvasive MRI techniques available to assess myelin tissue in neonates, which aid in diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00514

Endocrinology

Impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on growth outcomes in mucopolysaccharidosis: a systematic review (4,251 times)

Farzaneh Abbasi, Asal Khalili Dehkordi, Reihaneh Mohsenipour

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):417-427. Published online March 11, 2025

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) enhances the growth outcomes of pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidosis, with early intervention leading to improved height, weight, and body mass index. However, achieving a standard adult height remains uncommon among these patients, even in cases of early HSCT. Growth hormone therapy provides short-term benefits but does not address long-term height deficits. Pubertal development is generally normal; however, precocious puberty and pubertal arrest may occur.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01725

Editorial

Hematology

Absolute versus functional iron deficiency (4,170 times)

Hye Lim Jung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):138-140. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 4 Crossref 5

· Iron deficiency (ID), the most common cause of anemia, can be classified into absolute and functional types. Absolute ID is a state of low total body iron, while functional ID is a state of imbalance between iron demand and iron availability due to inflammation and/or infection.
· ID is diagnosed by serum ferritin and transferrin saturation levels.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01732

Original Article

Gastroenterology

Efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide versus room-air insufflation in pediatric colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial (4,146 times)

Ajay Aravind, Ujjal Poddar, Anshu Srivastava, Moinak Sen Sarma

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):594-600. Published online March 11, 2025

CO₂ insufflation has been used instead of air insufflation to reduce postprocedure pain and discomfort in adults; however, adequately powered studies in children are scarce. This randomized controlled trial of 200 children showed that CO₂ insufflation reduces postprocedure pain and discomfort during pediatric colonoscopy with no signs of CO₂ retention. CO₂ insufflation is safe and causes less pain in children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.02012

Hematology

Granulocyte transfusion improves survival in pediatric febrile neutropenia: a 15-year cohort study (4,145 times)

Witsanu Phetsai, Kleebsabai Sanpakit, Jassada Buaboonnam, Kamon Phuakpet, Nassawee Vathana, Nattee Narkbunnam, Fon Kladed, Chayamon Takpradit

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(3):236-246. Published online January 12, 2026

Question: Does granulocyte transfusion improve survival and clinical recovery in pediatric febrile neutropenia?
Finding: In this 15-year real-world cohort, granulocyte transfusion significantly increased 30-day survival (92.3 % vs. 65.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.105; P=0.020) and accelerated fever and neutrophil recovery without serious adverse events.
Meaning: Granulocyte transfusion may be an effective adjunctive therapy for severe neutropenic infections in children, particularly in low- and middle-income settings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01186

General Pediatrics

Effectiveness of Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen (KINDL) and Children’s Somatic Symptom Inventory-24 (CSSI-24) for measuring postacute sequelae of COVID-19 in children: a diagnostic validation study (4,135 times)

Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu, Pei-Chi Chen, Xiao-Ling Liu, Shu-Tsen Liu, Chi-Hung Wei, Yu-Lung Hsu, Kai-Sheng Hsieh, Huan-Cheng Lai, Chien-Heng Lin, Chieh-Ho Chen, An-Chyi Chen, I-Ching Chou, Wen-Jue Soong, Hui-Ju Tsai, Chung-Ying Lin, Jiu-Yao Wang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):944-951. Published online September 12, 2025

Crossref 1

Question: Although children with postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (PASC) may experience persistent symptoms that affect their quality of life (QoL), a screening tool for identifying high-risk children is lacking.
Finding: Kinder Lebensqualität fragebogen (KINDL) and Children's Somatic Symptom Inventory-24 (CSSI-24) were significantly correlated. An optimal KINDL cutoff score (74.75) detected those at high risk of a reduced QoL.
Meaning: Integrating KINDL and CSSI-24 into routine pediatric outpatient care may enable timely identification and interventions for children at risk of PASC-related impairments.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00983

Review Article

Nutrition

Macronutrients modified dietary intervention in the management of overweight/obese children and adolescents: a systematic review (4,126 times)

Jihyun Park, Oh Yoen Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(4):191-200. Published online July 11, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· Dietary macronutrient modifications affect the body composition of and metabolic markers in children and adolescents.
· Hypocaloric diets, regardless of macronutrient composition, are reportedly effective for weight loss in obese children.
· Future interventional studies with meta-analyses that include Korean children and adolescents are needed to provide basic information applicable to this population.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00262

Original Article

Oncology

HLA‒B*58:01 and skin reactions in pediatric hematology and oncology patients treated with allopurinol (4,065 times)

Parisa Maneechai, Cholada Ratanatharathron, Jassada Buaboonam, Kleebsabai Sanpakit

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):974-980. Published online October 2, 2025

Crossref 1

Question: Does human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–B*58:01 increase the risk of cutaneous reactions in pediatric patients with hematological and oncological diseases receiving allopurinol?
Finding: : Of 108 patients, 17.6% carried HLA–B*58:01 but none developed skin reactions. The only rash occurred in an HLA-B*58:01–negative patient.
Meaning: Short-duration allopurinol may mitigate severe cutaneous adverse reaction risk regardless of genotype. Routine HLA-B*58:01 screening may be unnecessary in pediatric patients with hematological and oncological diseases briefly receiving allopurinol.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01032

Other

Balance assessment with decreased base of support for children with disabilities (4,059 times)

Guilherme M. Cesar, Madison Giebler, Thad W. Buster, Judith M. Burnfield

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):718-724. Published online November 11, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Can a balance task with narrowed base of support indicate overall functional balance control in children with disabilities?
Finding: While single-limb standing could explain overall balance control for children with disabilities, it was unrelated with balance control for typically developing children.
Meaning: One balance task with narrowed base of support can be used as practical assessment of balance abilities for children with disabilities when allocated session time is of concern.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00780

Nutrition

Factors associated with thiamin deficiency in pediatric patients with heart disease and receiving diuretics: a single-center study (4,042 times)

Phakwan Laohathai, Rathaporn Sumboonnanonda, Puthita Saengpanit, Chodchanok Vijarnsorn, Chatchawan Srisawat, Kwanjai Chotipanang, Sarawut Junnu, Supawan Kunnangja, Hathaichanok Rukprayoon, Phakkanan Phuangphan, Sompong Liammongkolkul, Arthima Phaokong, Narumon Densupsoontorn

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):666-672. Published online April 16, 2025

Question: Are pediatric patients with heart disease who are receiving diuretics at risk of thiamin deficiency (TD)?
Finding: Fifteen percent of the patients had TD. TD was associated with inadequate dietary thiamin intake and increasing age.
Meaning: The thiamin pyrophosphate effect should be assessed in those with high risk of TD. Dietary counseling should be emphasized to ensure adequate dietary thiamin intake.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01893

Review Article

Oncology

Breaking the barrier: a guidelines-based review of antiangiogenesis drug resistance in pediatric cancer therapy (4,028 times)

Nader Shakibazad, Mahdi Shahriari, Mani Ramzi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):952-962. Published online November 24, 2025

Antiangiogenic therapy resistance in pediatric cancers involves alternative angiogenic pathways, microenvironmental support, hypoxia-driven signaling, metabolic reprogramming, and structural adaptations such as vascular co-option. Metabolic adaptation highlights tumor plasticity. Effective treatments combine immunotherapy with biomarkers. To address vascular endothelial growth factor limitations, emerging targets include hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, endoglin, CXCR4, angiopoietin/Tie2, and bispecific antibodies. In resource-constrained settings, the guidelines recommend low-dose chemotherapy plus oral multiantiangiogenic agents to ensure improved accessibility and treatment outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01809

Original Article

Gastroenterology

Gut microbiota and metabolomic alterations in newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (4,011 times)

Wan-Hsin Su, Yi-Wei Wang, Chien-Chang Chen, Ming-Wei Lai, Hsun-Chin Chao, Ming-Chou Chiang, Ren-Huei Fu, Pai-Jui Yeh

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):26-35. Published online October 22, 2025

Crossref 1

Question: Does maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affect newborn gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles?
Finding: Neonates born to mothers with diet-controlled GDM exhibited reduced gut microbiota α-diversity, altered β-diversity, and metabolic shifts, including changes in fumarate and succinate levels, with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and adipocytokine signaling pathway activation.
Meaning: Maternal GDM affects early microbial colonization and metabolism in newborns and may have long-term health implications.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01074

Immunology

Serum bactericidal activity against meningococcus in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (3,977 times)

Soyoung Lee, Kyung-Hyo Kim, Ji Hyen Lee, Han Wool Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(5):362-369. Published online January 13, 2025

Question: What is the level of immunity against meningococcal infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) under the age of 19, and is vaccination against meningococcus necessary for these patients, given their susceptibility to infections due to immunosuppressive treatments and disease characteristics?
Finding: Although some of our study patients exhibited serum bactericidal activity against meningococci, most remained seronegative.
Meaning: These findings suggest that patients with SLE who are at risk of meningococcal infection receive appropriate vaccinations.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01151

Pulmonology

Impact of obesity on pulmonary function of preschool children: an impulse oscillometry study (3,970 times)

Anuvat Klubdaeng, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Apinya Palamit, Pawinee Charoensittisup, Khunphon Mahoran

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):319-325. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

Question: Does obesity in preschool children affect lung function, and which obesity indices can predict such alterations?
Finding: Preschool children with obesity exhibit impaired lung function characterized by elevated total and peripheral airway resistance. Waist-to-height ratio was the strongest predictor of such changes.
Meaning: Early obesity prevention and treatment are needed. Monitoring waist-to-height ratio, body weight, and body mass index may help identify children at risk of altered lung function.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01053

Endocrinology

Prednisolone impairs trabecular bone score changes in adolescents with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (3,944 times)

Pattara Wiromrat, Yutapong Raruenrom, Phanpaphorn Namphaisan, Nantaporn Wongsurawat, Ouyporn Panamonta, Chatlert Pongchaiyakul

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):238-246. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

Question: What is the prevalence of an impaired trabecular bone score (TBS), a measure of bone microarchitecture, in adolescents with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD)? Do prednisolone and hydrocortisone affect TBS differently in this patient population?
Finding: Impaired TBS was observed in 18% of participants. Prednisolone use negatively impacted TBS change.
Meaning: Impaired TBS is prevalent among adolescents with 21OHD. Prednisolone impairs trabecular bone microarchitecture development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01060

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