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Review Article
Peritoneal dialysis in children and adolescents
Il Soo Ha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1069-1074.   Published online October 15, 2009
Peritoneal dialysis is a preferred modality of replacement therapy in children and adolescents with end-stage renal disease waiting for kidney transplantation. Recent development of pediatric swan-neck catheters with cuffs, novel dialysis solutions, and cyclers for automated peritoneal dialysis enabled more flexible prescriptions of dialysis with less complication, and improved patients' activities as well as the dialysis adequacy. Principles and practical...
Treatment of chronic kidney disease in children
Joo Hoon Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1061-1068.   Published online October 15, 2009
The treatment of pediatric patients with chronic renal disease comprises management of nutritional imbalance, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances, mineral bone disease, anemia, hypertension, and growth retardation. The treatment also includes administration of appropriate renal replacement therapy, if required. Adequate dietary intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and caloric intake must be encouraged in such patients to ensure proper growth...
Original Article
Remission rate and remission predictors of Graves disease in children and adolescents
Sun Hee Lee, Seong Yong Lee, Hye Rim Chung, Jae Hyun Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Young Ah Lee, Sei Won Yang, Choong Ho Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1021-1028.   Published online September 15, 2009
Purpose : Medical therapy is the initial treatment for children with Graves disease to avoid complications of other treatments. However, optimal treatment for childhood Graves disease is controversial because most patients require relatively long periods of medical therapy and relapse is common after medication discontinuation. Therefore, this study aimed to search clinical or biochemical characteristics that could be used as...
Review Article
Guidelines for childhood urinary tract infection
Seung Joo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):976-983.   Published online September 15, 2009
Urinary tract infection (UTI), the most common bacterial disease in childhood, is frequently associated with urinary tract anomalies (15-50%) and can induce renal scarring, which is a cause of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Despite the high risk of renal scarring in infancy, the diagnosis may be delayed due to its nonspecific presenting symptoms; moreover, over-diagnosis is frequent due to...
Original Article
Short-lasting headaches in children and adolescents
Young-il Rho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):869-874.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:Short attacks of headache are present in the pediatric age group. Short-lasting headaches (SLH) have been infrequently reported in children and adolescents. This study aims to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of short-lasting headaches in children and adolescents. Methods:One hundred twenty-three consecutive patients attended the Chosun University Hospital Headache Center between March 2006 and July 2007. Among 123 headache patients, 44...
Case Report
Plastic bronchitis in children: 2 cases
Yeo Hyang Kim, Hee Jung Choi, Jung Ok Kim, Myung Chul Hyun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):832-836.   Published online July 15, 2009
Plastic bronchitis is a rare disorder characterized by the formation of extensive, obstructing endobronchial casts. It is associated with asthma and complex cardiac defects such as those requiring the Fontan procedure. The treatment of plastic bronchitis comprises conventional therapy involving spontaneous expectoration and bronchoscopic removal and specific therapy with several new drugs. Herein, we describe the cases of 2 patients...
Original Article
Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in children with asthma
Ic Sun Choi, Jung Hye Byeon, Seung Min Lee, Kyong Suk La, Yeon Joung Oh, Young Yoo, Kee Hyoung Lee, Ji Tae Choung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):811-817.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are used as first-line agents for the treatment of persistent asthma; however, their use is accompanied by apprehension of potential systemic adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of ICS on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in children with asthma. Methods : From February 2008 to September 2008, 26 asthmatic children treated...
Effectiveness of head-up tilt test for the diagnosis of syncope in children and adolescents
Ka-Young Yu, Ji-Hye Choi, Chun Ja Yoo, Kyoung Suk Rhee, Chan Uhng Joo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):798-803.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : We aimed to examine the effectiveness of the head-up tilt test (HUT) for the diagnosis of syncope or presyncope in children and adolescents. Methods : HUT results and clinical features of 160 children and adolescents with syncope or presyncope were studied from May 2003 through March 2008 at the Chonbuk National University Hospital. The children and adolescents were subjected...
Salmonellosis in children: Analysis of 72 Salmonella-positive culture cases during the last 10 years
Sung Hoon Noh, Ka Young Yu, Jung Soo Kim, Pyoung Han Hwang, Dae Sun Jo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):791-797.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : We aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations of and antibiotic resistance in culture-proven childhood salmonellosis. Methods : Clinical manifestations and laboratory data of and antibiotic use in subjects with culture-proven childhood salmonellosis, who were treated at the Chonbuk National University Hospital between September 1998 and August 2008, were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with underlying diseases or concomitant illnesses were excluded. Results...
Risk factor of influenza virus infection to febrile convulsions and recurrent febrile convulsions in children
Jae Won Moon, Jang Hee Kang, Hyun Ji Kim, Soon Ok Byun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):785-790.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : Febrile convulsions are a common pediatric neurological disease, and it is important to prevent such a disease by controlling the risk factors that may recur. A recent report states that influenza virus infections have a high probability of a relationship with febrile convulsions; therefore, it is necessary to identify the clinical properties of febrile convulsions in relation to...
Assessment of children with developmental delay: Korean infant and child development test (KICDT) and Korean Bayley scale of infant development-II (K-BSID-II)
Ji-Hoon Kim, Mi-Sun Yum, Soo-Jin Jeong, Tae-Sung Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):772-777.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : We aimed to compare the effectiveness of 2 developmental tests-Korean Infant and Child Development Test (KICDT) and Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II (K-BSID-II)-in the assessment of children with developmental delay. Methods : Twenty-eight children with suspected developmental delay, who visited the Department of Pediatrics in Asan Medical Center from February 2007 to June 2008 were enrolled. They were...
Serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels in obese children and their correlations with insulin resistance
Min Young Park, Sun A Ahn, Won Kyoung Cho, Kyoung Soon Cho, So Hyun Park, Seung Hoon Hahn, Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):766-771.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : The objective of this study was to compare the levels of adipocytokines in obesity group with those in control group and examine their correlation with insulin resistance. Methods : We enrolled 36 obese children (male:female [M:F]=17:19; age, 9.3±1.9 yrs) with ≥95th percentile body mass indexes (BMIs) (obesity group) and 35 healthy children (M:F=16:19; age, 9.1±2.1 yrs) with 25th-75th percentile...
Review Article
Hypertension in children and adolescents
Jo Won Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):745-751.   Published online July 15, 2009
Hypertension is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality in adults; its treatment reduces the risk of cardiovascular events. In recent times, attention is being paid to monitoring of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood. Childhood hypertension is associated with hypertension in later life, and early intervention is important. In the Korean socioeconomic background, a rapid...
Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents
Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):737-744.   Published online July 15, 2009
Metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents has become a global public health problem. MS among Korean children and adolescents has been increasing significantly over the past decade. This paper aims to provide the currently available information on the MS in children and adolescents. This review focuses on the definition, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and pathophysiology which may be helpful for...
Case Report
Facial palsy as the presenting symptom of acute myeloid leukemia in children: Three cases with stem cell transplantatio
Hee Jo Baek, Dong Kyun Han, Young Ok Kim, Ic Sun Choi, Tai Ju Hwang, Hoon Kook
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):713-716.   Published online June 15, 2009
Facial palsy as the presenting symptom of leukemia is very rare, especially in acute myeloid leukemia. A review of the medical literature identified reports on 8 children with AML who had facial paralysis as the presenting sign. Whole brain irradiation (WBI) has been applied in most cases. We present the cases of 3 such children. Achieving a remission without WBI,...
A case of congenital syphilis mistaken for possible child abuse
Soon Ju Kim, Seung Woo Lee, Jung Woo Rhim, You Sook Youn, Jun Sung Lee, Kyung Yil Lee, Ja Young Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):710-712.   Published online June 15, 2009
We describe the case of a 4-month-old male infant diagnosed with early congenital syphilis during evaluation of a left distal humerus fracture. This report emphasizes the importance of screening for syphilis among pregnant women and newborns, and is a reminder of the continued existence of congenital syphilis.
Original Article
Clinical significance of codetection of the causative agents for acute respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children
Eui Jung Roh, Young Pyo Chang, Jae Kyung Kim, In Soo Rheem, Kwi Sung Park, Eun Hee Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):661-666.   Published online June 15, 2009
Purpose : To determine the prevalence and clinical features of codetected respiratory etiological agents for acute respiratory infection in hospitalized children. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection at Dankook University Hospital from September 2003 through June 2005. Immunofluorescent staining and culture were used for the detection of respiratory viruses (influenza virus [IFV] types...
Case Report
Bilateral paroxysmal hemicrania with autonomic features in a child: A case report
Young Il Rho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):619-621.   Published online May 15, 2009
Paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is rare in children and not widely recognized. It is characterized by pain attacks and associated symptoms and signs similar to those experiencing cluster headaches, but the features have a shorter effect, are more frequent, and respond completely to indomethacin. Some patients with PH may experience slight pain across the midline. There are only four cases of...
Familial systemic lupus erythematosus in two Korean male siblings
Hyun Sik Kang, Hyun Ju Oh, Young Ree Kim, Jae-Wang Kim, Kyung-Sue Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):611-614.   Published online May 15, 2009
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of a wide range of autoantibodies, resulting in tissue damage. Although the susceptibility to SLE has been attributed to complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, the influence of a genetic predisposition to SLE is supported by observations of familial aggregations. Family studies have found that siblings...
Original Article
Questionnaire-based analysis of growth-promoting attempts among children visiting a university growth clinic
Kyoung Huh, Mi Jung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):576-580.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : Growth-promoting attempts are widespread in Korea, but little is known about their prevalence or associated factors. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of growth-promoting attempts among children visiting a university growth clinic. Methods : A questionnaire-based survey was carried out with 823 children (416 boys, 407 girls) who visited the growth clinic at Paik Hospital. Results...
Multicenter clinical study of childhood periodic syndromes that are common precursors to migraine using new criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II)
Jae Yong Park, Sang-Ook Nam, So-Hee Eun, Su Jeong You, Hoon-Chul Kang, Baik-Lin Eun, Hee Jung Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):557-566.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To evaluate the clinical features and characteristics of childhood periodic syndromes (CPS) in Korea using the new criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-II. Methods : The study was conducted at pediatric neurology clinics of five urban tertiary-care medical centers in Korea from January 2006 to December 2007. Patients (44 consecutive children and adolescents) were divided into...
Review Article
Pediatric tuberculosis and drug resistance
Yae-Jean Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):529-537.   Published online May 15, 2009
Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children has important implications for both the patients and tuberculosis control programs. In Korea, among all new patients, the isoniazid resistance rate was 9.9% and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 2.7% in 2004 (in patients aged 10-19 yr, the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate reached 2.1%). Tuberculosis in pediatric patients is difficult to diagnose because many children have nonspecific clinical...
Treatment of latent tuberculous infection in children and adolescent
Jong-Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):519-528.   Published online May 15, 2009
Tuberculosis continues to cause an unacceptably high toll of disease and death among children worldwide. Whereas intense scientific and clinical research efforts into novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive interventions have focused on tuberculosis in adults, childhood tuberculosis has been relatively neglected. However, children are particularly vulnerable to severe disease and death following infection, and those with latent infection become the...
Characteristics of tuberculosis in children and adolescents
Byung Wook Eun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):513-518.   Published online May 15, 2009
In childhood tuberculosis, it is possible to clearly distinguish among three basic stages: exposure, infection, and disease. The incidence of tuberculosis in children is low compared with that in adults, but latent infection is a major concern because children, who are exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis especially early in childhood, are at increased risk of developing the disease. Younger children particularly...
Original Article
The efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect with Amplatzer septal occluder in young children less than 3 years of age
Soo Hyun Lee, Deok Young Choi, Nam Kyun Kim, Jae Young Choi, Jun Hee Sul
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):494-498.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Applicability of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) has been expanded by accumulation of clinical experiences and evolutions of the device. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of ASD with Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) in young children less than 3 years of age. Methods : From May 2003 to December...
Visually evoked potential in children with mitochondrial respiratory chain defects
Ji Eun Song, He Min Kim, Sang-Chul Lee, Yoon-Gghil Park, Suk-Ho Byeon, Young-Mock Lee, Joon-Soo Lee, Heung-Dong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):471-475.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Mitochondrial disorders are a clinical entity characterized by diverse symptoms and signs of involvement of various systems. Furthermore, the disorders are known to show ophthalmologic manifestations as well as neurological findings. Visually evoked potential is a sensitive measure to check the integrity of the visual pathway. In this study, we have investigated the value of visually evoked potential...
Clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings of schizencephaly in children
Jae Rang Lee, Seung Kim, Young Mock Lee, Joon Soo Lee, Heung Dong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):458-463.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Schizencephaly is a uncommon congenital brain anomaly characterized by congenital clefts spanning the cerebral hemispheres from pial surface to lateral ventricles and lined by gray matter. In this study, we investigated the clinical manifestation and radiologic findings of pediatric schizencephaly. Methods : The data of 13 patients who were diagnosed with schizencephaly in Severance Childrens Hospital and Yongdong...
Clinical features of acute noroviral gastroenteritis in children : comparison with rotaviral gastroenteritis
Pil-Joo Hwang, Ji Hee Kwak, Taek Jin Lee, Su Jin Jeong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):453-457.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Our aim was to describe the clinical features of noroviral gastroenteritis in children. Methods : This study included 22 children with noroviral gastroenteritis, as confirmed by stool RT-PCR, who were admitted to Bundang CHA Hospital between July 2006 and June 2008. Their medical records were reviewed and compared with those of 45 children with rotaviral gastroenteritis. Results : In the...
Usefulness of early endoscopy for predicting the development of stricture after corrosive esophagitis in children
Ji Yong Park, Jee Youn Shin, Hye Ran Yang, Jae Sung Ko, Woo Sun Kim, Jeong Kee Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):446-452.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : This study was performed to demonstrate the usefulness of early endoscopy for predicting the development of stricture following corrosive ingestion in children. Methods : We conducted a retrospective study on 34 children who were brought to Seoul National University Childrens Hospital and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital for corrosive ingestion from 1989 to 2007. Results : The corrosive burns were...
Review Article
Child raising and education of marriage-based immigrants in Korea: On the focus of infants
Dong-Hoon Seol
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):403-409.   Published online April 15, 2009
Due to recent upsurge in international marriages, the socio-cultural adaptation, the reinforcement of family stability, and the social integration support of marriage-based immigrant family have been the major social issues. This paper tries to show the current status of marriage-based immigrants and their children nation-wide. Specifically, it analyzes the statistical trends in international marriages, traits of marriage-based immigrants and their...


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