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Original Article
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity in children with controlled asthma
Ji-Yong Yoon, Sung-Il Woo, Heon Kim, Yong-Han Sun, Youn-Soo Hahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(9):330-336.   Published online September 14, 2012
Purpose

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75) are not included in routine monitoring of asthma control. We observed changes in FeNO level and FEF25-75 after FeNO-based treatment with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in children with controlled asthma (CA).

Methods

We recruited 148 children with asthma (age, 8 to 16 years) who had maintained...

Review Article
Need for a safe vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus infection
Joo-Young Kim, Jun Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(9):309-315.   Published online September 14, 2012

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory tract illnesses in infants and young children worldwide. Despite its importance as a respiratory pathogen, there is currently no licensed vaccine for HRSV. Following failure of the initial trial of formalin-inactivated virus particle vaccine, continuous efforts have been made for the development of safe and efficacious vaccines against...

Early childhood wheezing: various natural courses and their relationship to later asthma
Dong In Suh, Young Yull Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):259-264.   Published online August 23, 2012

Wheezing is one of the most frequent complaints that lead to the use of medical resources in younger children. Generally, wheezing is caused by bronchiolitis and resolves spontaneously without recurrence, but sometimes, wheezing can progress into asthma. Early data on the natural history of childhood wheezing was mostly obtained from retrospective reviews of medical records or from questionnaires, which made...

Ambient air pollution and allergic diseases in children
Byoung-Ju Kim, Soo-Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(6):185-192.   Published online June 21, 2012

The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased worldwide, a phenomenon that can be largely attributed to environmental effects. Among environmental factors, air pollution due to traffic is thought to be a major threat to childhood health. Residing near busy roadways is associated with increased asthma hospitalization, decreased lung function, and increased prevalence and severity of wheezing and allergic rhinitis. Recently,...

Original Article
Comparison of air pollution and the prevalence of allergy-related diseases in Incheon and Jeju City
Su Ho Jeong, Jeong Hee Kim, Byong Kwan Son, Seong Chul Hong, Su Young Kim, Geun Hwa Lee, Dae Hyun Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(12):501-506.   Published online December 31, 2011
Purpose

A high level of air pollutants can increase the number of patients with allergy-related diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). To analyze the association between air pollution and allergic disease, we investigated 2 areas in Korea: Incheon, an industrial area, and Jeju, a non-industrialized area.

Methods

Second grade students at elementary schools (11 schools in Incheon and 45 schools in...

Effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on regulated on activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted production in a murine model of asthma
Yanghua Ju, Seung Jun Choi, Huisu Lee, Hyun Sook Kim, Sulmui Won, Yoon Hong Chun, Jong-Seo Yoon, Hyun Hee Kim, Joon Sung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(11):456-462.   Published online November 30, 2011
Purpose

Synthesis of regulated on activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) in the airway has previously been shown to be elevated after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. However, since few studies have examined whether RSV-infected asthma patients express a higher level of RANTES than do normal individuals, we used a murine model of asthma to address this question.

Methods

We prepared Dermatophagoides...

Hu.4-1BB-Fc fusion protein inhibits allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma
Byoung-Ju Kim, Ji-Won Kwon, Ju-Hee Seo, Won-Ah Choi, Young-Jun Kim, Mi-Jin Kang, Jinho Yu, Soo-Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(9):373-379.   Published online September 30, 2011
Purpose

4-1BB (CD 137) is a costimulatory molecule expressed on activated T-cells. Repression by 4-1BB is thought to attenuate Th2-mediated allergic reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-1BB on allergic airway inflammation in a murine asthma model.

Methods

BALB/c mice were sensitized to and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Hu.4-1BB-Fc was administered 1 day before the first OVA...

Review Article
Asthma in childhood: a complex, heterogeneous disease
Hai Lee Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(1):1-5.   Published online January 31, 2011

Asthma in childhood is a heterogeneous disease with different phenotypes and variable clinical manifestations, which depend on the age, gender, genetic background, and environmental influences of the patients. Several longitudinal studies have been conducted to classify the phenotypes of childhood asthma, on the basis of the symptoms, triggers of wheezing illness, or pathophysiological features of the disease. These studies have...

Original Article
The role of inhaled and/or nasal corticosteroids on the bronchodilator response
Ju Kyung Lee, Dong In Suh, Young Yull Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(11):951-956.   Published online November 30, 2010
Purpose

To compare the profiles of the bronchodilator response (BDR) among children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) and to determine whether BDR in these children is reduced by treatment with inhaled and/or nasal corticosteroid.

Methods

Sixty-eight children with asthma (mean age, 10.9 years), 45 children with comorbid asthma and AR (mean age, 10.5 years), and 44 children with AR alone (mean age,...

Increased B cell-activating factor (BAFF) level in the sputum of children with asthma
Hye Mi Jee, Bong Seok Choi, Kyung Won Kim, Myung Hyun Sohn, Man Yong Han, Kyu-Earn Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(8):795-800.   Published online August 31, 2010
Purpose

B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is a tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member best known for its role in the survival and maturation of B cells. BAFF activity is observed in naïve cells as well as in effector/memory T cells. We aimed to explore whether BAFF in sputum is expressed at elevated levels in asthmatic airways and associated with eosinophilic inflammation, pulmonary...

The effects of early allergen/endotoxin exposure on subsequent allergic airway inflammation to allergen in mouse model of asthma
Yeong-Ho Rha, Sun-Hee Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):481-487.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : Recently many studies show early exposure during childhood growth to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) and/or early exposure to allergens exhibit important role in development of allergy including bronchial asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endotoxin and allergen exposure in early life via the airways in the pathogenesis of allergic airways inflammation and airway hyperresposiveness...
Clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infections due to 13 respiratory viruses detected by multiplex PCR in children
Jeong-Sook Lim, Sung-Il Woo, Hyuk-Il Kwon, Hyuk-Il Kwon, Young-Ki Choi, Youn-Soo Hahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):373-379.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical features of 13 respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs). Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates were prospectively obtained from 325 children aged 15 years or less from May 2008 to April 2009 and were tested for the presence of 13 respiratory viruses by multiplex real-time-polymerase chain...
Caregivers’adherence factors affecting maintenance treatment in children with well-controlled asthma : A qualitative analysis through in-depth interview
Ic Sun Choi, Saeng Koo Cho, Kyong Suk La, Jung Hye Byeon, Dae Jin Song, Young Yoo, Ji Tae Choung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):364-372.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : Good adherence of caregivers is essential for successful health outcomes in the treatment of childhood asthma. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors contributing to good adherence of maintenance treatment in children with well-controlled asthma. Methods : Children with well-controlled asthma being treated with a daily controller for at least 3 months in Korea University...
Review Article
Natural killer T cell and pathophysiology of asthma
Gwang Cheon Jang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):136-145.   Published online February 15, 2010
Natural killer T (NKT) cell is a special type of T lymphocytes that has both receptor of natural killer (NK) cell (NK1.1, CD161c) and T cell (TCR) and express a conserved or invariant T cell receptor called Vα14Jα18 in mice or Va24 in humans. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cell recognizes lipid antigen presented by CD1d molecules. Marine-sponge-derived glycolipid, α- galactosylceremide (α-GalCer),...
Human rhinoviruses and asthma in children
Woo Kyung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):129-135.   Published online February 15, 2010
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) is a nonenveloped, single stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Picornavirudae. Transmission by direct contact such as hand-to-hand, hand-to-nose, and hand-to-eye has been readily demonstrated in experimental settings. HRV are the most frequent causes of common cold infection, however, they are also known to replicate in the lower respiratory tract and associated with more severe respiratory...
Environmental tobacco smoke and childhood asthma
Dae Jin Song
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):121-128.   Published online February 15, 2010
In recent years, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has become an important worldwide public health issue. Children are particularly vulnerable to ETS because they are still developing. ETS exposure causes a wide range of adverse health effects on childhood asthma. There is convincing evidence that ETS exposure is causally associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, increased severity of asthma and...
Original Article
Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in children with asthma
Ic Sun Choi, Jung Hye Byeon, Seung Min Lee, Kyong Suk La, Yeon Joung Oh, Young Yoo, Kee Hyoung Lee, Ji Tae Choung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):811-817.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are used as first-line agents for the treatment of persistent asthma; however, their use is accompanied by apprehension of potential systemic adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of ICS on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in children with asthma. Methods : From February 2008 to September 2008, 26 asthmatic children treated...
Association study of polymorphism in leukotriene C4 synthase and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 genes with phenotype of asthma and clinical parameters in Korean children
Jung Yeon Shim, Byung-Joo Kim, Young Hwa Song, Mi-Jin Kang, So-Yeon Lee, Jinho Yu, Soo-Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):680-688.   Published online June 15, 2009
Purpose : Cysteinyl leukotrienes are important proinflammatory mediators in asthma. Recently, it was suggested that a promoter polymorphism in the genes encoding for leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), a key enzyme in the leukotriene synthetic pathway, and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) might be associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma. We investigated whether polymorphisms in LTC4S and CysLTR1 genes or their interactions were...
Comparison between adverse effects of low and usual doses of intravenous aminophylline
Bok Ki Kim, Dae Hyun Lim, So Hyun Ahn, Jong Hoon Kwa, Jeong Hee Kim, Byong Kwan Son
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):441-445.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Some patients develop side effects from theophylline even at low serum concentrations. We designed a prospective study to evaluate the side effects of theophylline. Methods : A Prospective, controlled trial study was conducted. The low-dose group received an intravenous continuous aminophylline dose of 5 mg/kg/day on the first day and subsequently 10 mg/kg/day on the following two days....
Relationship between cord blood level of IL-12 in preterm newborns and development of wheezing
Hyo Jung Yu, Eun Ae Park, Ji Young Kim, Soo Jin Cho, Young Ju Kim, Hye Sook Park, Eun Hee Ha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(7):754-759.   Published online July 15, 2008
Purpose : Abnormal activation patterns of Th1/Th2-cells have been suggested to increase the prevalence of allergic diseases. Prevention is regarded as an important corner stone in the management of allergic diseases. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between cord blood levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12 in preterm newborns and the development of allergic respiratory diseases in infancy Methods...
Review Article
The prevalences of asthma and allergic diseases in Korean children
Soo-Jong Hong, Kang-Mo Ahn, Soo-Young Lee, Kyu-Earn Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(4):343-350.   Published online April 15, 2008
Asthma and allergic diseases are one of the most common disorders in children. Due to its increased prevalence, as well as the increased morbidity and mortality from these diseases, asthma and allergic diseases have come to be recognized as a major worldwide public health issue. In addition, socioeconomic burden of asthma and allergic diseases has increased in Korea also. The...
Original Article
Utility of a forced expiratory flow of 25 to 75 percent as a predictor in children with asthma
Jung Wan Kang, Kyung Won Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Jun Young Park, Myung Hyun Sohn, Kyu-Earn Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(3):323-328.   Published online March 15, 2008
Purpose : Asthma is defined as chronic inflammation of the lower small airways, and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is a pathophysiologic feature of asthma. It has been proposed that although there is no direct variable capable of assessing the small airways, a forced expiratory flow of between 25 and 75 percent (FEF25-75) might be considered a more sensitive early marker of...
Effects of an intensive asthma education program on asthmatic children and their caregivers
Kang Jin Seo, Gun Ha Kim, Byung Keun Yu, Yun Ku Yeo, Jong Hoon Kim, Eu Ddeum Shim, Mi Ri Yoon, Young Yoo, Ji Tae Choung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(2):188-203.   Published online February 15, 2008
Purpose : Asthma is one of the most common chronic childhood disease. Education of asthmatic children and their families about asthma and its management may improve disease control, reduce symptoms, and improve school performance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of an intensive asthma education program in asthmatic children and their families on outcome measure...
Relationship between exhaled nitric oxide and pulmonary function test in children with asthma
Han-Seok Ko, Sung-Hoon Chung, Yong-Sung Choi, Sun-Hee Choi, Yeong-Ho Rha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(2):181-187.   Published online February 15, 2008
Purpose : Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness result from airway inflammation. Fraction of nitric oxide in expired air (FeNO) has recently been investigated as a noninvasive measure of airway inflammation. FeNO has been reported to correlate with induced sputum eosinophilia and methacholine challenge test that it is represent severity of asthma. The purpose of this...
Analysis of the association between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and genetic polymorphism of β2-adrenoceptor in adolescents with long-term asthma remission
Hee Kang, Young Yull Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(6):556-564.   Published online June 15, 2007
Purpose : We hypothesized that the persisting bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) of adolescents with asthma remission may be controlled mainly by genetic factors, and the BHR of symptomatic asthma by airway inflammation. β2-adrenoceptor gene is considered to be a candidate gene in the development of BHR. Thus, β2-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism may be associated with the BHR of adolescents with asthma remission,...
Review Article
Allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and asthma - evidence for respiratory system integration -
Hyun Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(4):335-339.   Published online April 15, 2007
The link between upper airway disease (allergic rhinitis and sinusitis) and lower airway disease (asthma) has long been of interest to physicians. Many epidemiological and pharmacological studies have provided a better understanding of pathophysiologic interrelationship between allergic rhinitis and asthma. The vast majority of patients with asthma have allergic rhinitis, and rhinitis is a major independent risk factor for asthma...
Original Article
Therapeutic comparison between low-dose sustained-release theophylline dry syrup and capsule in children with mild persistent asthma
Hyun Seung Lee, Hae Kyung Lee, Hi Jeong Kwon, Jeong Hee Kim, Yeong Ho Rha, Jin Tack Kim, Young Ho Kim, Hae Rhan Lee, Bok Yang Pyun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(3):284-291.   Published online March 15, 2007
Purpose : Theophylline has recently been reported to have concurrent anti-inflammatory effects at low therapeutic plasma concentrations which are below the doses at which significants, clinically useful bronchodilatation is evident. Sustained-release formulation in capsule and dry syrup forms were developed to reduce its adverse effects and improve its clinical effects. We compared the therapeutic effects of theophylline dry syrup and...
Relationship of serum IL-13 and eotaxin level with airway hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma
Eun Young Park, Jung Yeon Shim, Myung Hwan Yoo, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):889-894.   Published online August 15, 2006
Purpose : Asthma is characterized by the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR) and inflammation. The extensive eosinophil infiltration into the lung is the hallmark of asthma and contributes to the damage of respiratory epithelium during late phase airway responses. Eotaxin is the major eosinophil chemoattractant found in bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid of allergic inflammation. IL-13 has been known to induce the...
Review Article
Update in asthma management
Hae Ran Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):581-588.   Published online June 15, 2006
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airway associated with increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of cough, wheezing, breathless, chest tightness. According the recent studies, repeated airway inflammation leads to structural changes so called ‘airway remodeling’ and associated with decreased pulmonary function. Airway remodeling begins form the early stage of asthma and the early diagnosis and management...
Original Article
The significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in children with asthma and pneumonia
Seong Hwan Choi, Jung Yeon Shim, Myung Hwan Yoo, Deok Soo Kim, Jae Won Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):192-197.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is a key cytokine for controlling vascular permeability and angiogenesis, which is one of the major findings in airway remodeling. However, it is not well known if it is associated with acute lower respiratory tract disease such as lobar pneumonia. The aim of this study is to compare serum VEGF levels in patients with...
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