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Original Article
Prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in Gunpo children of low economic status
Kyung Hee Yi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(12):1310-1314.   Published online December 15, 2008
Purpose : This study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in children from low-income families in Gunpo and to evaluate whether economic status affects the prevalence of obesity. Methods : Between October 2007 and March 2008, 341 children (167 girls and 174 boys; age, 6 to 13 years) were enrolled in this study. All these children came...
Prevalence and trends in obesity among Korean children and adolescents in 1997 and 2005
Kyungwon Oh, Myoung Jin Jang, Na Yeoun Lee, Jin Soo Moon, Chong Guk Lee, Myung Hwan Yoo, Young Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(9):950-955.   Published online September 15, 2008
Purpose : The objective of this study was to provide current estimates of the prevalence and examine trends of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Methods : Height and weight measurements from 183,159 (112,974 in 1997, 70,185 in 2005) children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years were obtained via the 1997 and 2005 National Growth Survey. Obesity among...
Infantile risk factors for obesity in preschool children
Sun Ju Park, Jae Won Moon, Hyun Ji Kim, Min Jung Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):804-811.   Published online August 15, 2008
Purpose : Childhood obesity is a problem that places a child at great risk for becoming an obese adult. To prevent obesity, it is important to focus on early life risk factors that may contribute to childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to find obesity-causing infantile risk factors in preschool children. Methods : A total of 223 children aged...
The utility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in obese children
Myung Jin Kim, Jin Young Song
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(6):604-609.   Published online June 15, 2008
Purpose : Obesity in children and adolescence is highly correlated with adult obesity, which can provoke hypertension. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the blood pressure of obese children regularly. In this study, the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in obese children and adolescents were evaluated. Methods : ABPM was conducted for selected patients who visited Handong University...
Leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor- in obese adolescents
Joo Hyun Gil, Jung Ah Lee, Ji Young Kim, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(6):597-603.   Published online June 15, 2008
Purpose : Obesity is associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance and the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators are thought to cause a state of vascular endothelial dysfunction, an abnormal lipid profile, hypertension, and vascular inflammation. These chronic inflammatory responses, which are characterized by abnormal cytokine production, lead to activation of a pro-inflammatory signaling pathway. Leptin is an important mediator of inflammatory...
Erratum
Assessment of modifiable lifestyle factors for obese children and adolescents through questionnaires
Jeong Wan Seo, Ji A Jung, Hye Sook Park, Jae Sung Ko, Yong Joo Kim, Jae Young Kim, Eell Ryoo, Sun Hwan Bae, Jae Geon Sim, Hye Ran Yang, Byung Ho Choe, Ky Young Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(6):576-583.   Published online June 15, 2008
Purpose : The identification of specific behaviors conducive to overeating or inactivity is the cornerstone of obesity management. The Committee on Nutrition of the Korean Pediatric Society developed parent and self-reporting questionnaires about eating behavior and physical activity in 2006. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the questionnaires in assessing modifiable lifestyle factors related to...
Review Article
Epidemiologic characteristics of type 1 diabetes in children aged 14 years or under in Korea, 1985-2000
Choong Ho Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(6):569-575.   Published online June 15, 2008
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) develops in genetically susceptible individuals as a result of progressive autoimmune destruction of beta cells. There is a large global variation in incidence among children aged 0-14 years. The incidence of T1DM in Korea is very low. The latest survey in Korea was conducted in 2001 by the Korean Society of Pediatrics to analyze ...
Epidemiology of the metabolic syndrome among Korean children and adolescents
Mi Jung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(6):564-568.   Published online June 15, 2008
The prevalence of obesity in Korean children is estimated to be around 10%, and has increased significantly over the past 20 years. Metabolic syndrome, which includes central obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, is a well documented risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but there is no general consensus concerning its definition for children. In this study, ablut 30-40%...
Original Article
Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms with serum lipid profiles in obese adolescent
Jung Min Yoon, Jae Woo Lim, Eun Jung Cheon, Kyoung Og Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(1):42-46.   Published online January 15, 2008
Purpose : Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) plays a major role in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport. Many investigators have described that Apo E polymorphisms is one of the most important genetic determinants for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between Apo E polymorphisms and serum lipid profiles in obese adolescent. Methods : We measured...
Review Article
2007 Korean National Growth Charts: review of developmental process and an outlook
Jin Soo Moon, Soon Young Lee, Chung Mo Nam, Joong-Myung Choi, Bong-Keun Choe, Jeong-Wan Seo, Kyungwon Oh, Myoung-Jin Jang, Seung-Sik Hwang, Myung Hwan Yoo, Young Taek Kim, Chong Guk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(1):1-25.   Published online January 15, 2008
Purpose : Since 1967, The Korean Pediatric Society and Korean Government have developed Korean Growth Standards every 10 years. Last version was published in 1998. During past 40 years, Korean Growth Standards were mainly descriptive charts without any systematic nor statistical standardization. With the global epidemic of obesity, many authorities such as World Health Organization (WHO) and United States' Centers...
Original Article
Carotid artery intima media thickness in obese children : relation with cardiovascular risk factors
Jin Lee, Hyo Jin Kwon, Moon Ho Park, Ki Young Jang, Kee-Hyoung Lee, Kwang Chul Lee, Chang Sung Son, Joo Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(11):1091-1096.   Published online November 15, 2007
Purpose : The of common carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) is an acknowledged noninvasive marker for early atherosclerotic changes. We investigate whether common carotid IMT is different between obese and normal-weight children and also evaluate the relationships IMT with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods : We collected the clinical data (age, sex, pubertal stage, body mass index) and measured blood...
Pulse wave velocity and ankle brachial index in obese adolescents
Ji Hye Kim, Hee Sun Koo, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(11):1078-1084.   Published online November 15, 2007
Purpose : The prevalence of childhood obesity has doubled over the last 30 years. Obesity-associated sequelae in the vasculature begins in the early stages of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate how pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle brachial index (ABI) change with height, weight and body mass index (BMI) in obese adolescents. Methods : Seventy-nine obese...
Clinical significance of acanthosis nigricans in children and adolescents with obesity induced metabolic complications
Hee Won Chueh, Gyu Rang Cho, Jaeho Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(10):987-994.   Published online October 15, 2007
Purpose : This study investigated the clinical significance of AN in children and adolescents with obesity induced metabolic complications. Methods : Forty-nine patients who had obesity induced metabolic complications were participated in this cross-sectional study. Obesity induced metabolic complications are as follows: hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), homeostasis model assessment of insulin...
Alteration of insulin resistance and serum adiponectin levels after one year follow-up of obese children and adolescents
Min Jee Jeoung, Jung Yeon Shin, Soo Young Kim, Jung Hwa Lee, Kee-Hyoung Lee, Joo Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(8):767-773.   Published online August 15, 2007
Purpose : Obesity has become a pandemic and especially the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased remarkably over the past years. Childhood obesity is often accompanied by the expected morbidities such as hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and glucose intolerance. We evaluated the pattern of alteration in the body mass index (BMI), serum adiponectin concentration, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and complication rates after...
The novel expression method of pediatric body composition : fat mass index and fat-free mass index
Young Gyu Cho, Jae Heon Kang, Hye Ryoung Song, Kyung A Kim, Ji Hyun Song, Myeong Ho Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(7):629-635.   Published online July 15, 2007
Purpose : This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) as novel expression methods of body composition in children. Methods : A total of 466 Second grade students-248 boys and 218 girls- from all elementary schools the Gwacheon City underwent anthropometric measures including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and biochemical tests. The...
The iron status and the relationship between iron deficiency and body mass index in middle school girls
Hee Youn Han, Chang Joo Hee, Hae Sun Shim, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son, Hwan Cheol Kim, Soon Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(11):1174-1179.   Published online November 15, 2006
Purpose : Obesity and iron deficiency are common nutritional problems. Obese children are known to have iron deficiencies, but one presented opposite opinion in Korea. This study investigated the prevalence of obesity and iron deficiency in Incheon and the relationship between iron deficiency and obesity. Methods : Physical measurement and hematologic examinations were done a 764 healthy female students aged 14...
Adolescent obesity and the elevation of aminotransferase levels
Su Yeon Kim, Ho Jun Lee, Tae Su Park, Soo Geun Kim, Hye Jung Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(10):1037-1041.   Published online October 15, 2006
Purpose : The prevalence of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) was increased in adolescents. This study was performed to observe the prevalence of elevated aminotransferase levels in adolescents and to assess the correlations between aminotransferase levels and obesity related parameters(body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio and insulin level). Methods : We obtained weight, height, waist circumference and...
Effect of combined exercise on metabolic bio-marker in overweight and obese children
Hyun-Jun Kim, Tae-Un Kim, Sangyeoup Lee, Goon-Soo Shin, Young-Joo Kim, Su-Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(9):946-951.   Published online September 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of combined exercise for 12 weeks on the adiponectin and obesity related variables in overweight and obese children. Methods : Eighteen children in 5th grade in a certain elementary school in Busan were recruited. They were all overweight or obese children(more than 85 percentile in body mass index). Nine...
Review Article
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
Jin Soon Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):710-717.   Published online July 15, 2006
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents has been increasing for last 10 years. The increase in frequency of type 2 diabetes appears to parallel the increase in prevalence and severity of obesity in children and adolescents. The metabolic syndrome, cluster of potent risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, consists of insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension...
Original Article
Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in obese middle school boys
Jae-Ho Jeong, Jae-Woo Lim, Eun-Jeong Cheon, Kyong-Og Ko, Young-Hyuk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):617-622.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : High-Sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) has been recognized as a very useful and sensitive predictor of the future risk of myocardial infarction. But the clinical significance of hs-CRP in children remains uncertain. To confirm the existence of obesity-induced vascular inflammation and the association between metabolic syndromes and elevation of CRP in children, we investigated the relationship among CRP, obesity, blood...
Homocysteine, insulin, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels in obese children
Jee Yoon Park, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):475-481.   Published online May 15, 2006
Purpose : As the prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus have become problems. High homocysteine levels and low vitamin B12 supplementation are acknowledged to have a role in coronary artery disease, but there are few studies on homocysteine, insulin and vitamin B12 levels in obese children. We aimed to study whether homocysteine, insulin,...
Change of early atherosclerotic markers in obese children
Eui Jung Roh, Jung Min Yoon, Jae Woo Lim, Eun Jung Cheon, Kyoung Og Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(4):368-374.   Published online April 15, 2006
Purpose : The prevalence of obesity in children is increasing rapidly. Epidemiologic studies suggest that obesity induced atherosclerosis may start in childhood. We investigated whether obese children show early abnormalities of the arterial wall and endothelial dysfunction. Methods : Thirty-eight obese children(14-16 years old of age, male, body mass index 29.40¡¾3.18 kg/m2) and forty-five age and sex-matched healthy control children(body...
The Relation between Obesity and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Children and Adolescents
Youngsu Jung, Dongwoon Kim, Inseok Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1219-1224.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has been rising rapidly in Korea because of changes of diet and lifestyle. As with adults, obesity in children and adolescents can cause diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and renal diseases. The aim of the present study is to examine the relation of obesity, glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and serum cystatin...
Serum Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Levels in Obese Adolescents
Jung Hyun Kwon, Hyun Jin Kim, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1172-1178.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : Childhood Obesity is increasing throughout the world, and it is known to incur many diseases especially in later life such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between obesity and insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) and know if these factors are useful in predicting cardiovascular...
A Study on the Relationship between School-age Obesity and Type of Feeding in Infant Period
Kyung Lae Cho, Soo Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1166-1171.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether breast milk feeding at infancy has the effect of a programming agent preventing school-age obesity, or whether formula milk feeding is the cause of elementary school-age obesity. Methods : We randomly selected 4 elementary school in Masan and Changwon city. We calculated the BMI and obesity degree from height...
The Usefulness of the Abdominal Computerized Tomography for the Diagnosis of Childhood Obesity and Its Correlation with Various Parameters of Obesity
Yoon Hee Shim, Su Jin Cho, Jung Hyun Rhyu, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(10):1082-1089.   Published online October 15, 2005
Purpose : Abdominal obesity is encountered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the anthropometric cut-off value to estimate the cardiovascular risk, has not been suggested. This study was designed to find the relationship between the abdominal fat and various parameters of obesity to find the cardiovascular risk factors related to abdominal obesity and to establish practical methods to...
Affecting Factors of Insulin Resistance in Obese Children and Adolescents
Duk Hee Kim, Ho Seon Eun, In Kyung Choi, Ho Seung Kim, Bong Soo Cha, Dong Kee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(10):1076-1081.   Published online October 15, 2005
Purpose : Insulin resistance is the most important risk factor linked to the development of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in childhood and adolescent obesity, The purpose of this study was to see whether insulin resistance of obese adolescent is higher than that of obese children. and to analyze gender difference and affecting factors of insulin resistance. Methods...
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurement in Obese Children
Kyung Ok Park, Suk Ju Choi, Hee Hyun Yeom, Sochung Chung, Jeong Jin Yu, Youngshin Park, Dong Hwan Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):935-938.   Published online September 15, 2005
Purpose : The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether the increase of carotid intima- media thickeness(cIMT) as one of premature pathologic changes of atherosclerosis, was present in obese children compared to normal weight children. Methods : The obese group consisted of 21 obese/overweight(body mass index(BMI) above 85 percentile of age, sex standards) children and the control group of...
Measurement of the Common Carotid Artery by Ultrasound as a Predictor of Atherosclerosis in Obese Adolescents
Ye Jin Kim, Yoon Hee Shim, Joung Hyun Yoo, Keun Lee, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(7):745-752.   Published online July 15, 2005
Purpose : Adolescent obesity is known to be associated with complications such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and insulin resistance. We measured the common carotid artery by ultrasound as a predictor of atherosclerosis, and investigated the relationship between carotid artery parameters and serum cytokines in obese adolescents. Methods : Twenty-nine obese adolescents(16-17 years old, obesity index>130 percent) and twenty- seven...
Pulmonary Function Test and Body Composition Analysis in Obese Children
Jee Seon Shin, Ji Hye Park, Ji Young Kim, Su Jung Kim, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(6):588-593.   Published online June 15, 2005
Purpose : Obesity is associated with disturbances of ventilatory functions in adults. But few studies have evaluated the pulmonary complications of obesity in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of obesity on pulmonary function and body composition in obese children. Methods : Forty seven obese children whose ages ranged from nine to twelve...
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