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Review Article
Infection
Etiological and pathophysiological enigmas of severe coronavirus disease 2019, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Kawasaki disease
Jung-Woo Rhim, Jin-Han Kang, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):153-166.   Published online November 23, 2021
· Severe cases of coronavirus disease, Kawasaki disease (KD), and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) share similar findings: a protracted clinical course, multiorgan involvement, and similar activated biomarkers.
· Here we propose etiological agents in KD and MIS-C as species in the microbiota and introduce a common pathogenesis through the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis.
· Early proper dose of corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin may help to reduce morbidity and mortality in these diseases.
Immunology
Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators
Kyung-Yil Lee, Jung-Woo Rhim, Jin-Han Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):239-250.   Published online June 18, 2020
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally. Although its etiologic agent is discovered as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are many unsolved issues in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The causes of different clinical phenotypes and incubation periods among individuals, species specificity, and cytokine storm with lymphopenia as well as the mechanism of damage to organ...
Case Report
Immunology
Concomitant use of corticosteroid and antimicrobials for liver abscesses in patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Kyung-Sue Shin, Mu Suk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(4):196-201.   Published online April 30, 2016

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder caused by defective nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase enzyme and characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. Although liver abscess is a common manifestation of CGD, its management in CGD patients is not well-defined. In addition, the generalized guidelines for treating liver abscesses do not necessarily apply to CGD patients. Corticosteroids...

Original Article
High degree of supervision improves adherence to inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma
Geun Mi Park, Hye Won Han, Hee Se Kim, Jae Youn Kim, Eun Lee, Hyun-Ju Cho, Song-I Yang, Young-Ho Jung, Soo-Jong Hong, Hyung Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Jinho Yu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(12):472-477.   Published online December 22, 2015
Purpose

Adherence to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is a critical determinant of asthma control. The objective of this study was to assess factors that determine adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma.

Methods

Fifty-eight children with asthma, aged 5 to 16 years, used ICS with or without a spacer for 3 months. Adherence rates as measured from questionnaires and canisters, asthma...

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity in children with controlled asthma
Ji-Yong Yoon, Sung-Il Woo, Heon Kim, Yong-Han Sun, Youn-Soo Hahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(9):330-336.   Published online September 14, 2012
Purpose

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75) are not included in routine monitoring of asthma control. We observed changes in FeNO level and FEF25-75 after FeNO-based treatment with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in children with controlled asthma (CA).

Methods

We recruited 148 children with asthma (age, 8 to 16 years) who had maintained...

Review Article
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
You-Sook Youn, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(2):42-47.   Published online February 14, 2012

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), the smallest self-replicating biological system, is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, leading to a wide range of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. MP pneumonia has been reported in 10 to 40% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and shows an even higher proportion during epidemics. MP infection is endemic in larger communities of the...

Original Article
Clinical features of infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma
Eun Hee Kim, Kyung Nam Koh, Meerim Park, Bo Eun Kim, Ho Joon Im, Jong Jin Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(6):260-266.   Published online June 30, 2011
Purpose

Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma (IHHE) is the most common type of hepatic vascular tumor in infancy. We conducted this study to review our clinical experience of patients with IHHE and to suggest management strategies.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 23 IHHE patients (10 males, 13 females) treated at the Asan Medical Center between 1996 and 2009.

Results

Median age at diagnosis was...

The role of inhaled and/or nasal corticosteroids on the bronchodilator response
Ju Kyung Lee, Dong In Suh, Young Yull Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(11):951-956.   Published online November 30, 2010
Purpose

To compare the profiles of the bronchodilator response (BDR) among children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) and to determine whether BDR in these children is reduced by treatment with inhaled and/or nasal corticosteroid.

Methods

Sixty-eight children with asthma (mean age, 10.9 years), 45 children with comorbid asthma and AR (mean age, 10.5 years), and 44 children with AR alone (mean age,...

Case Report
A case of adolescent Kawasaki disease with Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis complicated by splenic infarction
Byeong Sam Choi, Bo Sang Kwon, Gi Beom Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Jung-Eun Cheon, Eun Jung Bae, Chung Il Noh, Jung Yun Choi, Yong Soo Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1029-1034.   Published online September 15, 2009
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that affects children. There are few reports that describe the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as the possible infectious agent of KD. Here, we describe a case of KD in a 15- year-old boy complicated with giant coronary artery aneurysms, pericardial effusion, and splenic infarction. The clinical course of KD was...
Original Article
Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in children with asthma
Ic Sun Choi, Jung Hye Byeon, Seung Min Lee, Kyong Suk La, Yeon Joung Oh, Young Yoo, Kee Hyoung Lee, Ji Tae Choung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):811-817.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are used as first-line agents for the treatment of persistent asthma; however, their use is accompanied by apprehension of potential systemic adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of ICS on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in children with asthma. Methods : From February 2008 to September 2008, 26 asthmatic children treated...
Epidemic acute interstitial pneumonia in children occurred during the early 2006s
Chong Kun Cheon, Hyun-Seung Jin, Eun Kyeong Kang, Hyo Bin Kim, Byoung-Joo Kim, Jinho Yu, Seong Jong Park, Soo-Jong Hong, June Dong Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(4):383-390.   Published online April 15, 2008
Purpose : This study was aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with acute interstitial pneumonia who had presented similar clinical patterns from March to June, 2006 and to describe our experience of treatment and to identify risk factors associated with prognosis. Methods : The clinical characteristics, radiologic and histopathologic findings and response to steroids of 15 patients (non-survival...
Review Article
Atopic dermatitis
Bok Yang Pyun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):589-592.   Published online June 15, 2006
Atopic dermatitis is estimated to affect 15-20% of the childhood population and there id considerable evidence that the prevalence is increasing. But it is frequently under diagnosed and inappropriately treated yet. Atopic dermatitis can have a large social;. emotional and financial effect on the child and their family. Atopic dermatitis also commonly predated the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis....
Original Article
Short-term Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroid Following Early Systemic Corticosteroid Administration in Premature Babies with Respiratory Distress Syndrome : A Preliminary Report
Hyeon-Soo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(11):1440-1445.   Published online November 15, 2000
Purpose : To asses the short-term effects of the topical corticosteroid, budesonide administered by metered dose inhaler(MDI) and spacer(Aerochamber MV 15) following systemic corticosteroid in premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome at birth. Methods : 19 premature babies <1800gm were randomly assigned to receive steroids(n=9) or not (n=10). The steroid group(n=9, GA[gestational age]=29.6¡¾2.9 weeks, BW[birth weight]=1.29¡¾0.35kg) received systemic dexamethasone for 48...
The Effect of Long-Term Corticosteroid Treatment on Height Velocity in Childhood
Byung Mun Lee, Chan Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(2):185-194.   Published online February 15, 1993
The auther analysed 29 patients who were treated with prednisolone, including nephrotic syndrome(13 cases). Acute leukemia (10 cases), bronchial asthma(2 cases), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(2 cases) and ulcerative colitis(1 cases) patients in childhood, after remission induction, prolonged alternate or interrupted treatment was used. The auther observed patterns of height velocity of these patients from 1.6 to 10.3 years. The results were as...
Case Report
A Case of Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome.
Young Yoon choi, young Hwa park, Hyung Suk byun, Chull sohn, Ae Sook kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1982;25(3):310-316.   Published online March 31, 1982
Hemangioma associated with thrombocytopenia is a relatively rare occurrence. The first case was described in 1940 by Kasabach and Merritt, who used X-ray therapy as radium implants in the treatment of hemangioma on the affected infant. The tumor regressed and the platelet count rose to normal. Mechanical sequestration of platelets in the vascular channels of the hemangioma is believed to be the mechanism of...
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