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Original Article
Critical Care Medicine
High-dose methylprednisolone and tocilizumab improve survival of patients with high-risk pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy
Chaonan Fan, Fei Li, Kechun Li, Zheng Li, Yiyang Mao, Lijuan Wang, Gang Liu, Yingchao Liu, Quan Wang, Suyun Qian
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(1):56-64.   Published online October 22, 2025
Question: Which immunomodulatory strategies can reduce mortality in children with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE)?
Finding: High-dose methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the survival of high-risk patients, particularly when combined with tocilizumab.
Meaning: These findings support the use of a severity-based immunotherapy approach to optimize the outcomes of pediatric ANE.
Review Article
Allergy
Recent advances in food allergen immunotherapy
You Hoon Jeon, Edwin H. Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(8):386-394.   Published online December 7, 2023
· To enhance the safety of food allergen immunotherapy, alternative approaches such as sublingual immunotherapy, epicutaneous immunotherapy, low-dose oral immunotherapy (OIT), and omalizumab with OIT are being explored.
· Factors such as causative allergen type, natural outgrowth, symptom severity, and patient age should be considered.
· Individualized food allergen immunotherapy plans should be established to determine the most beneficial treatment for each patient.
Practical issues of oral immunotherapy for egg or milk allergy
Sukyung Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Jihyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):140-148.   Published online June 19, 2023
· Oral immunotherapy should be supervised by pediatricians with experience administering oral food challenge tests and managing allergic reactions.
· Food allergen intake is gradually increased and maintained for years.
· Patients may experience allergic reactions and psychological problems.
· Adjunctive therapies (biologics, antihistamines, and leukotriene receptor antagonists) may improve efficacy and safety.
· Contraindications include uncontrolled asthma, malignancy, active autoimmune disorders, and beta-blocker usage.
New approaches to immunotherapy in house dust mite allergy
In Sik Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):161-168.   Published online October 25, 2022
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has developed over the last few decades and has emerged as a promising treatment. House dust mite (HDM) is a target allergen in AIT, and various modified HDM allergens have been improved for their efficacy. Moreover, clinical trials have proved their significantly therapeutic effects in allergy. This article review focuses on HDM allergens developed for AIT efficacy,...
A practical view of immunotherapy for food allergy
Tae Won Song
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(2):47-53.   Published online February 29, 2016

Food allergy is common and sometimes life threatening for Korean children. The current standard treatment of allergen avoidance and self-injectable epinephrine does not change the natural course of food allergy. Recently, oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous immunotherapies have been studied for their effectiveness against food allergy. While various rates of desensitization (36% to 100%) and tolerance (28% to 75%) have been...

Mechanisms of immune tolerance to allergens in children
Umut C. Kucuksezer, Cevdet Ozdemir, Mübeccel Akdis, Cezmi A. Akdis
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(12):505-513.   Published online December 20, 2013

Because the prevalence of allergic diseases has significantly increased in recent years, understanding the causes and mechanisms of these disorders is of high importance, and intense investigations are ongoing. Current knowledge pinpoints immune tolerance mechanisms as indispensable for healthy immune response to allergens in daily life. It is evident that development and maintenance of allergens-pecific T cell tolerance is of...

Original Article
Safety and efficacy of the ultra-rush immunotherapy with extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in children
Sei Eun Hyun, Hyoung Yun Kim, Ji Hee Kwak, Youn Ho Shin, Ji Yeong Seo, Man Yong Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):868-873.   Published online August 15, 2008
Purpose : Immunotherapy is accepted as the only treatment of allergic disease that can modify the natural course of the disease and ameliorate symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultra-rush therapy using Dermatophagoides extracts in children. Methods : Of children older than four years who had visited Bundang CHA Pediatric Allergy Clinic, those showing positive...
Immunologic Changes in Bronchial Asthma on Immunotherapy.
Joon Sung Lee, Kyung Tai Whang, Sung Hoon Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1990;33(9):1255-1261.   Published online September 30, 1990
The best treatment of allergic disease is to avoid exposure to known allergen. Immunotherapy has been attempted in IgE-mediated allergic patients who didn’t show any responses to pharmacologic therapy or couldn’t avoid allergen. There have been many enthusiastic claims for symptomatic relief of allergic disease by various forms of hyposensitization, first introduced by Noon and Freeman (1911) in the treatment of hay fever. The mechanism of...
Specific Antibody Response in House Dust Mite Asthmatics on Immunotherapy.
Won Sup Shin, Bub Sung Kim, Sang Il Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1989;32(9):1282-1287.   Published online September 30, 1989
The immunotherapy has become a useful and effective method to treat allergic respiratory diseases. It is a logical assumption that immunotherapy produces symptom relief as a result of immunologically specific response. This study was performed to delineate the IgE, IgG and IgG4 responses to immunotherapy, and their relationships. We selected the six asthmatic children on immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp). A set of samples from each...
The Evaluation for the Immunotherapy to Bronchial Asthmatics.
Jung Woo Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1987;30(3):247-252.   Published online March 31, 1987
The changes of skin-test reactivities, total and specific serum IgE levels, and peripheral eosinophil counts were observed periodically in 20 bronchial asthmatics. The immunotherapy was performed with the Specific desensitization Vaccine(Bencard), i. e. mixture of multiple allergens specific for each patients, and scheduled reach the maintenance doses within 6 months. The skin-test reactivity index, i. e. the ratio of the average diameter of the wheal...
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