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Review Article
Neurology
Rotavirus infection-associated central nervous system complications: clinicoradiological features and potential mechanisms
Kyung Yeon Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):483-493.   Published online February 7, 2022
∙ Rotavirus infection-associated central nervous system (CNS) complications are fairly common in children.
∙ Common clinicoradiological features include benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis, acute encephalopathies/encephalitis, cerebellitis, and neonatal rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy.
∙ Possible mechanisms for CNS complications include direct viral invasion into the brain via several potential routes such as the blood-brain barrier and vagus nerve, and entry of various brain-damaging mediators and activated immune cells into the brain.
Update on benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis
Yeong Seok Lee, Ga Hee Lee, Young Se Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):469-475.   Published online December 27, 2021
∙ The main pathogen for benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) was previously rotavirus; however, cases associated with norovirus are increasing.
∙ CwG is characterized by clustered generalized seizures. Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging show transiently abnormal findings in the acute phase that eventually normalize with progression. Its prognosis is good, and long-term treatment is unnecessary.
∙ There are many reports on the pathophysiological mechanism of CwG, which remains unclear.
White matter injury following rotavirus infection in neonates: new aspects to a forgotten entity, 'fifth day fits'?
Jung Sook Yeom, Chan-Hoo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(7):285-291.   Published online July 31, 2016

That rotavirus infection can cause neurological symptoms in young children has been well established. However, it is surprising why rotavirus infection has been overlooked as a cause of neonatal seizures for many years, despite significant research interest in neonatal rotavirus infection. Neonates are the age group most vulnerable to seizures, which are typically attributed to a wide range of causes....

Benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis
Ben Kang, Young Se Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(7):304-309.   Published online July 23, 2014

Benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) is a type of afebrile seizure that occurs in children. CwG is defined as a convulsion in a previously healthy child with no known central nervous system infection or encephalopathy, accompanying mild diarrhea without fever, electrolyte imbalance, or moderate to severe dehydration. Convulsions in CwG are characterized by multiple brief episodes of generalized or...

Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in South Korea in 1989-2009: implications for a nationwide rotavirus vaccine program
Van Thai Than, Wonyong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(11):465-473.   Published online November 27, 2013

The epidemiology of human group A rotavirus was analyzed by examining genotypic data acquired from 1989 to 2009 in South Korea. This information was derived from all the available published articles on rotavirus studies in South Korea, retrieved from both the PubMed and KoreaMed databases. Four common G types (G1, G2, G3, and G4) and three common P types (P[8],...

Original Article
Acute viral gastroenteritis in children hospitalized in Iksan, Korea during December 2010-June 2011
Cheol Whoan So, Dong Sup Kim, Seung Taek Yu, Ji-Hyun Cho, Jong Duck Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(9):383-388.   Published online September 30, 2013
Purpose

Viral etiology is common in cases of children with acute diarrhea, and antibiotic therapy is usually not required. Therefore, it is important to determine the distribution of common viruses among children hospitalized with acute diarrhea.

Methods

We included 186 children who suffered from acute diarrhea and were hospitalized at the Wonkwang University Hospital Pediatric ward from December 1, 2010 to June 30,...

Case Report
Transient splenial lesion of the corpus callosum in a case of benign convulsion associated with rotaviral gastroenteritis
Yoon Young Jang, Kye Hyang Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(9):859-862.   Published online September 13, 2010

Transient magnetic resonance (MR) signal changes in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) arise from many different conditions, including encephalopathy or encephalitis caused by infection, seizures, metabolic derangements, and asphyxia. Few case reports exist on reversible SCC lesions associated with rotavirus infection. A benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) is frequently associated with rotaviral infections. This entity is characterized...

Original Article
Clinical features of acute noroviral gastroenteritis in children : comparison with rotaviral gastroenteritis
Pil-Joo Hwang, Ji Hee Kwak, Taek Jin Lee, Su Jin Jeong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):453-457.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Our aim was to describe the clinical features of noroviral gastroenteritis in children. Methods : This study included 22 children with noroviral gastroenteritis, as confirmed by stool RT-PCR, who were admitted to Bundang CHA Hospital between July 2006 and June 2008. Their medical records were reviewed and compared with those of 45 children with rotaviral gastroenteritis. Results : In the...
Rotavirus-associated neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Hyun Joo Seo, Yu Jin Jung, Soo Kyung Park, Seo Hui Choi, Ji Hyuk Lee, Myo Jing Kim, Yun Sil Chang, Won Soon Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):56-60.   Published online January 15, 2009
Purpose : This study aimed to test whether rotavirus-associated necrotizing enterocolitis (RV+NEC) produced different clinical findings or outcomes from those of non-rotavirus necrotizing enterocolitis (RV-NEC). Methods : Eight patients from the RV+NEC group and 22 patients from the RV-NEC group diagnosed with modified Bell stage II or higher NEC were selected for this study. Fecal specimens from all infants were tested...
The societal cost of rotavirus infection in South Korea
Bong Min Yang, Dae Sun Jo, Youn Hee Kim, Ji Min Hong, Jung Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(9):977-986.   Published online September 15, 2008
Purpose : This study aims to estimate the financial cost of rotavirus infection in Korea in the year of 2005. Methods : The incidence rates used were from the epidemiological profile at Jeoungeub District (5.8 cases/1,000 children <5 years old for inpatients, and 22.65 cases/1,000 children <5 years old for outpatients, per year). The health care cost per capita of rotavirus...
Genotype of rotavirus isolated from patients with rotaviral enteritis and neurological complications
Jae Hyung Choi, Jung Mi Kim, Yong Joo Kim, Jae Won Oh, Chang Lyul Kim, Myung Kul Yum, In Joon Sul, Jung Oak Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):513-518.   Published online May 15, 2006
Purpose : This study was undertaken to determine the differences in genotypes of rotavirus and their incidence between patients with acute rotaviral enteritis who suffered neurologic complications and those who did not suffer neurologic complications. Methods : Among the 82 patients with rotaviral enteritis whose genotype was analyzed, 71 patients were not associated with neurologic complications(neurology(-) group), and eleven patients were...
Therapeutic Effect of Anti-Rotavirus Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin(IgY) on Diarrhea by Infection of Rotavirus
In Seok Lim, Ho Seok Lee, Wonyong Kim, Eung Sang Choi, Dong Hyuk Jung, Hoo Kil Jung, Sung Seob Yun, Ho Nam Chun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(12):1354-1361.   Published online December 15, 2005
Purpose : Rotavirus is an enteric pathogen that affects millions of children globally each year. But no specific therapy is available for the management of rotavirus diarrhea. Due to the clear need to define improved modality for treatment of rotavirus diarrhea, we evaluated the efficacy of anti- rotavirus IgY in the treatment of infants and children with gastroenteritis. Methods : First,...
Clninical Features of Rotaviral Gastroenteritis in Neonates
Shin-I Park, Hae Oak Kwon, Jun Ho Lee, Su Jin Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(10):1121-1125.   Published online October 15, 2005
Purpose : Rotavirus is the main cause of infantile diarrheal disease worldwide, especially in patients 3-24 months of age. Infants younger than 3 months of age are relatively protected by transplacental antibody. So the purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and severity of neonatal rotaviral gastroenteritis less than 1 month of age. Methods : A retrospective chart...
Clinical Study of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in the Last 2 Years
Hyoung Sik Kim, Myong Wan Jang, Cheol Hong Kim, Hyun Hee Lee, Hwang Jae Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(10):1116-1120.   Published online October 15, 2005
Purpose : Although the rotavirus-related neonatal death occurred in western part of Kyeonggi Province recently, there were just a few reports about rotavirus gastroentertis in domestic since 2000. We proposed to investigate changes of epidemiology and clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis for the last 2 years. Methods : We selected 166 patients diagnosed as gastroenteritis from January, 2002 to July,...
Risk Factors of Nosocomial Rotavirus Infections in Children
Sin Ae Park, Sun Hee Yu, Seon Woong Lim, Kyung Dan Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(4):395-400.   Published online April 15, 2005
Purpose :Rotavirus is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections among children. The aim of this study is to determine the risk of nosocomial rotavirus infections and to evaluate the effectiveness of breast-feeding and probiotics in the prevention of nosocomial rotavirus infections. Methods : This study was carried out on admitted children without diarrhea between March 1, 2003 and...
A Clinical Study on Benign Convulsions with Mild Gastroenteritis
Jung Il Cho, Dong Wook Kim, Hyun Oh Jang, Jin Soo Moon, Seung Yeon Nam, Chong Guk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(12):1306-1311.   Published online December 15, 2004
Purpose : 'Benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis(BCwMG)' is afebrile seizures associated with gastroenteritis without dehydration or electrolyte imbalance in young children aged almost 6 months to 3 years. Because seizures can occur repeatedly, patients can be misdiagnosed with epilepsy. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of this disease is thought to be important. This study was carried out to investigate the clinical...
Clinical Study of Benign Convulsion with Acute Gastroenteritis
Jin Hyung Cho, Kim Eun Joo, Sung Koo Kim, Seon Hee Shin, Kon Hee Lee, Hae Sun Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(8):855-860.   Published online August 15, 2004
Purpose : This study was performed to characterize clinical features of benign convulsions with acute gastroenteritis(CwG) in infants. Methods : We reviewed 83 consecutive seizures in 42 patients with CwG between January 1995 and December 2003. CwG was defined as convulsions having the following two characteristics : (a) seizures accompanied with symptoms of gastroenteritis without clinical signs of dehydration or electrolyte...
A Clinical Study of Neurologic Abnormalities Associated with Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
Yoon-Duk Kang, Myung-Kul Yum, Jae-Won Oh, Chang-Ryul Kim, In-Joon Seol, Jung-Oak Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(7):751-755.   Published online July 15, 2004
Purpose : Reports of neurologic abnormalities associated with acute diarrhea are increasing recently. It was reported that the incidence of the neurologic abnormalities related to gastroenteritis was higher in rotavirus gastroenteritis than in non-rotavirus gastroenteritis. We investigated the incidence, the manifestations and the prognosis of the neurologic abnormalities associated with rotavirus diarrhea and non-rotavirus diarrhea in Korean children. Methods : Six...
Fat Content in Stool of Children with Rotaviral Enteritis
Joon Sup Song, So Chung Chung, Kyo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(12):1212-1216.   Published online December 15, 2003
Purpose : Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the fat content in stools of patients with rotaviral enteritis compared to the stools of children who had no gastroenteritis. Methods : Seventy two patients who were admitted to Konkuk University Hospital, College of...
Hemorrhagic Shock and Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Cause of Sudden Death in Infants
Jong Won Lee, Chang Han Lee, Ki Sup Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(6):814-819.   Published online June 15, 2000
Purpose : To evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatments and outcome of patients with hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy(HSE) syndrome. Methods : We performed a clinical study on 14 patients who were diagnosed as hemorrhagic shock and having encephalopathy syndrome in the Department of Pediatrics, from 1984 to 1998. Age, sex, clinical symptoms and physical findings at admission, the most deranged laboratory findings,...
The Annual and Seasonal Changes in the Prevalence of Rotaviral Infection from; 1993 to 1998
Young Joo Son, Hong Sun Park, Soon Lee Jung, Mira Park, Kyuchul Choeh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(1):49-54.   Published online January 15, 2000
Purpose : Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. In temperate regions, institutional outbreaks of the disease occur mainly in cold dry weather, whereas in tropical settings its seasonal course is less well defined. We studied the annual changes in the seasonal prevalence of rotavirus infection for 5 years. Methods : The study was conducted on...
Study of Nosocomial Infection of Rotavirus in Preterm and Full-term Neonates
Kwang Ok Chung, Dong Seok Lee, Doo Kwun Kim, Sung Min Choi, Woo Taek Kim, Sun Hee Yu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(3):332-338.   Published online March 15, 1999
Purpose : The present study was designed to investigate rotavirus infection by comparing clinical characteristics of the nosocomial infection of rotavirus between preterm and full-term neonates. Methods : The subjects were admitted from May to December, 1996. In 71 preterms, 44 were Rotazyme positive, 27 were negative, and in 321 full-terms, 64 were Rotazyme positive, 257 were negative. We studied the...
Afebrile Convulsion Associated with Rotaviral Gastroenteritis in Childhood
Yoon Kyeong Koh, Yong Hoon Park, Han Ku Moon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(4):501-506.   Published online April 15, 1995
Rotavirus is an important pathogen of acute infantile gastroenteritis as well as is suspected of being one of the causative agents of benign convulsion. We evaluated the clinical and laboratory features noted in 9 young children with Rotazyme positive gastroenteritis and afebrile seizure retrospectly. Seventy-seven patients were admitted to the department of pediatrics in Yeungnam University Hospital with a history of...
A Study of Relation between Serum Aminotransferase Elevation and Clinical Symptoms from Human Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
Gee Sun Hong, Hwa Young Jeon, Won Kyu Choi, Mee Kyung Namgoong, Jong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(1):54-60.   Published online January 15, 1995
This study was taken to measure the serum aminotransferase level and it's correlation with clinical symptoms from Human Rotavirus gastroenteritis. This report is based on analysis of 434 patients who were admitted to the Pediatric department at Wonju Christian Hospital because of watery diarrhea and vomiting during 2-year period from July, 1991 to June 1993. The stool specimen on admission...
A Study of Serum Transaminase Level and It's Correlation with Several Symptoms in Children with HRV Gastroenteritis
Gang Youl Bae, Eui Tak Oh, Woo Sik Jung, Kil Seo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(8):1146-1155.   Published online August 15, 1993
The retrospective study was taken to study the serum trasnsaminase level and it's correlation with several symptoms in human rotavirus gastroenteritis. 494 children, who admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in Dae Dong Hospital from January 1991 to December 1991 with chief complaints of waterdy diarrhea were included in studies. The 1 st stool specimen on admission was tested for rotavirus Ag...
Clincal Observations on Human Rotavirus (HRV) Gastroenteritis
Seung Ryong Han, Seung Hyun Seo, Ki Sik Min, Jong Wan Kim, Kwang Nam Kim, Ki Yang Ryoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(2):226-233.   Published online February 15, 1992
Clinical observations were made on 787 patients who were admitted to pediatric department of Kangdong Sacred Heart hospital because of watery diarrhea and vomiting between Jan. 1987 and Dec, 1989. ELISA study was done to detect HRV antigen for all patients. The results were as follows : 1) HRV antigen was detected in 492 patients (62.5%) by ELISA among 787 patients with watery...
A Study of Serum Transaminase Level and It's Correlation with Dehydration in Children with HRV Gastroenteritis.
Tae Joon Park, Eung Sang Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1990;33(12):1662-1669.   Published online December 31, 1990
The study was taken to study the serum transaminase level and it’s correlation with dehydration in Human Rotavirus gastroenteritis. 129 children, who admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in Chung-Ang University Hospital from January 1987 to December 1989 with chief complaints of fever, vomiting, and watery diarrhea were included in this studies. The stool specimen on admission was tested for Rotavirus Ag by ELISA method....
Human Rotavirus Antigen in Respiratory Secretion.
Kyung Min Lee, Won Chul Lee, Kook Shin Chang, Mee Kyung Chjang, Woo Tack Kim, Dong Jin Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1990;33(9):1223-1230.   Published online September 30, 1990
A clinical study was carried out on 33 diarrhea patients to determine the frequency and degree of respiratory symptoms and signs in patients with gastroenteritis who had HRV antigen in respira- tory secretion. We devided study group into two: One was 11 children who had HRV antigen in respiratory secretion but did not have in diarrheal stool and the other was 22 children who...
Asymptomatic human rotavirus infections during infancy and preschool period.
Hye Lim Jung, Byoung Hoon Yoo, Tae Sub Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1989;32(11):1482-1488.   Published online November 30, 1989
Asymptomatic human rotavirus (HRV) infection rate was studied by comparing the rate of HRV excretion in diarrhea cases with that in nondiarhea group of children under preschool age. HRV antigen in stool was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from children under 6 years of age who were admitted to Pediatric Department of Chung-Ang University Medical Center from November 1988 to mid-April 1989. 1) HRV antigen...
Clinical Studies of Human Rotavirus Gastroenteritis.
Eun Ok Rhee, Nam Joo Hwang, Yaung Sook Choi, Son Sang Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1989;32(10):1369-1376.   Published online October 31, 1989
A clinical study of 92 HRV Antigen positive patients among 270 children admitted to the pediatric department of II Sin Christian Hospital because of diarrhea between Sept. 1st 1986 and Aug. 31st 1987 is reported. All cases were detected by the ELISA method. 1) All patients were under 2 year of age with the peak incidence being between 6 month and 1 year of age and...
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