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Original Article
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
Variation in clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury in young children undergoing cardiac surgery
Hee Sun Baek, Youngok Lee, Hea Min Jang, Joonyong Cho, Myung Chul Hyun, Yeo Hyang Kim, Su-Kyeong Hwang, Min Hyun Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):151-156.   Published online February 5, 2020
Question: Can clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury vary on the clinical circumstances?
Finding: In young children undergoing cardiac surgery, urine KIM-1/Cr level peaked at 24 hours with significant difference from baseline level and was significantly higher at 6 hours in the AKI group. However, urine NGAL/Cr and IL-18/Cr levels showed no specific trend with time for 48 hours after cardiac surgery.
Meaning: Urine KIM-1/Cr concentration could be considered a good biomarker for early AKI prediction after open cardiac surgery in young children.
Cardiology
Importance of pulmonary valve morphology for pulmonary valve preservation in tetralogy of Fallot surgery: comparison of the echocardiographic parameters
Su Jin Choi, Jung Eun Kwon, Da Eun Roh, Myung Chul Hyun, Hanna Jung, Young Ok Lee, Joon Yong Cho, Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):189-194.   Published online November 8, 2019
Question: Is echocardiographic examination is useful for surgical method decision in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?
Finding: Various echocardiographic parameters serve as predictors for determining surgical methods for TOF patients. However, the PV morphology and tissue characteristics should also be considered.
Meaning: A full dependence on the size of the pulmonary valve annulus (PVA), the z score, and the ratio of the size of PVA to aortic valve annulus or descending aorta surgery may result in inadequate surgical results during TOF total correction.
The change of QRS duration after pulmonary valve replacement in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary regurgitation
Yuni Yun, Yeo Hyang Kim, Jung Eun Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(11):362-365.   Published online October 24, 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze changes in QRS duration and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) following pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods: Children and adolescents who had previously undergone total repair for TOF (n=67; median age, 16 years) who required elective PVR for pulmonary regurgitation and/or right ventricular out tract obstruction were included in this study....
Outcome of neonatal palliative procedure for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect or tetralogy of Fallot with severe pulmonary stenosis: experience in a single tertiary center
Tae Kyoung Jo, Hyo Rim Suh, Bo Geum Choi, Jung Eun Kwon, Hanna Jung, Young Ok Lee, Joon Yong Cho, Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(7):210-216.   Published online July 15, 2018

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate progression and prognosis according to the palliation method used in neonates and early infants aged 3 months or younger who were diagnosed with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA VSD) or tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with severe pulmonary stenosis (PS) in a single tertiary hospital over a period of 12 years. Methods: Twenty...
Pulmonology
Comparison of cytokine expression profiles in infants with a rhinovirus induced lower respiratory tract infection with or without wheezing: a comparison with respiratory syncytial virus
Da Eun Roh, Sook-Hyun Park, Hee Joung Choi, Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(9):296-301.   Published online September 21, 2017
Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether infants with rhinovirus (RV) infection-induced wheezing and those with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection-induced wheezing have different cytokine profiles in the acute stage.

Methods

Of the infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) between September 2011 and May 2012, 88 were confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and hospitalized. Systemic interferon-gamma (IFN-γ),...

Cardiology
Clinical usefulness of serum procalcitonin level in distinguishing between Kawasaki disease and other infections in febrile children
Na Hyun Lee, Hee Joung Choi, Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(4):112-117.   Published online April 25, 2017
Purpose

The aims of this study were to compare serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels between febrile children with Kawasaki disease (KD) and those with bacterial or viral infections, and assess the clinical usefulness of PCT level in predicting KD.

Methods

Serum PCT levels were examined in febrile pediatric patients admitted between August 2013 and August 2014. The patients were divided into 3 groups as...

Review Article
General Pediatrics
Apparent life-threatening event in infancy
Hee Joung Choi, Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(9):347-354.   Published online September 21, 2016

An apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) is defined as the combination of clinical presentations such as apnea, marked change in skin and muscle tone, gagging, or choking. It is a frightening event, and it predominantly occurs during infancy at a mean age of 1–3 months. The causes of ALTE are categorized into problems that are: gastrointestinal (50%), neurological (30%), respiratory (20%),...

Original Article
Cardiology
Comparison between Kawasaki disease with lymph-node-first presentation and Kawasaki disease without cervical lymphadenopathy
Jung Ok Kim, Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(2):54-58.   Published online February 29, 2016
Purpose

We evaluated the characteristics of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) who presented with only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy on admission, and compared them with the characteristics of those who presented with typical features but no cervical lymphadenopathy.

Methods

We enrolled 98 patients diagnosed with KD. Thirteen patients had only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy on the day of admission (group 1), 31 had...

Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with Kawasaki disease
Sun Young Park, Young Hyun Kim, Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyun, Young Hwan Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(11):434-439.   Published online November 22, 2015
Purpose

Kawasaki disease involves acute febrile systemic vasculitis that can cause a variety of symptoms by affecting various organs. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence, causes, and prognosis of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurring in children with Kawasaki disease.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and received inpatient treatment in the Pediatrics Department at one of three university hospitals in...

Clinical features and surgical outcomes of complete transposition of the great arteries
Suk Jin Hong, Hee Joung Choi, Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee, Joon Yong Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(10):377-382.   Published online October 29, 2012
Purpose

This single-center study aimed to assess the clinical features and surgical approaches and outcomes of complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA).

Methods

TGA patients who had undergone surgical correction at the Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2000 to December 2010, were retrospectively evaluated for patient characteristics, clinical manifestation, preoperative management, intraoperative findings, postoperative progress, and follow-up status.

Results

Twenty-eight patients (17 boys...

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in young people, from childhood to young adulthood: relationships between age and clinical and electrophysiological findings
Hae Jung Jung, Hwang Young Ju, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee, Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(12):507-511.   Published online December 31, 2011
Purpose

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of electrophysiologic studies (EPS) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) performed in subjects aged less than 30 years with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, particularly pediatric patients under 18 years of age, based on our experience.

Methods

Two hundred and one consecutive patients with WPW syndrome were recruited and divided to 3 groups according to...

Case Report
A sporadic case of Loeys-Dietz syndrome type I with two novel mutations of the TGFBR2 gene
Jung Sook Ha, Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(6):272-275.   Published online June 30, 2011

A recently recognized connective tissue disorder, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a genetic aortic aneurysm syndrome caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor-receptor type I or II gene (TGFBR1 or TGFBR2). They have distinctive phenotypic abnormalities including widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), bifid uvula or cleft palate, and arterial tortuosity with aortic aneurysm or dissection throughout the arterial tree. LDS is...

Original Article
Early postoperative arrhythmias after open heart surgery of pediatric congenital heart diseas
Hee Joung Choi, Yeo Hyang Kim, Joon Yong Cho, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee, Kyu Tae Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):532-537.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : Early postoperative arrhythmias are a major cause of mortality and morbidity after open heart surgery in the pediatric population. We evaluated the incidence and risk factors of early postoperative arrhythmias after surgery of congenital heart disease. Methods : From January 2002 to December 2008, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the 561 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in Kyungpook National University...
NT-proBNP as a useful tool in diagnosing incomplete Kawasaki disease
Dong Won Lee, Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyun, Tae Chan Kwon, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):519-524.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : To determine the efficacy of the N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a useful diagnostic method in children with incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods : Ninety-six patients who were diagnosed as having KD between January 2008 and June 2009 were enrolled in the study. American Heart Association recommendations for diagnosis were used, and patients were divided into...
The changes in signal-averaged electrocardiogram after surgical correction of congenital heart disease
Yeo Hyang Kim, Hee Jung Choi, Gun Jik Kim, Joon Yong Cho, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1364-1369.   Published online December 15, 2009
Purpose : To analyze abnormal ventricular activation in childhood congenital heart disease induced by postoperative changes in ventricular volume and pressure and ventricular scar formation using signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG). Methods : Fifty-two patients who had undergone open heart surgery (OHS) were enrolled. Patients were divided into the following 3 groups: right ventricular volume overload (atrial septal defect, group1), left ventricular...
Case Report
Plastic bronchitis in children: 2 cases
Yeo Hyang Kim, Hee Jung Choi, Jung Ok Kim, Myung Chul Hyun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):832-836.   Published online July 15, 2009
Plastic bronchitis is a rare disorder characterized by the formation of extensive, obstructing endobronchial casts. It is associated with asthma and complex cardiac defects such as those requiring the Fontan procedure. The treatment of plastic bronchitis comprises conventional therapy involving spontaneous expectoration and bronchoscopic removal and specific therapy with several new drugs. Herein, we describe the cases of 2 patients...
Original Article
Clinical features and results of recent total anomalous pulmonary venous connection : Experience in a university hospital (Clinical study of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection)
Mi Ae Chu, Byung Ho Choi, Hee Joung Choi, Yeo Hyang Kim, Joon Yong Cho, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):194-198.   Published online February 15, 2009
Purpose : Active perioperative intervention and improvement on surgical technique has decreased the mortality rate of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC); however, when complicated with pulmonary venous obstruction, operative mortality is still high. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical course of TAPVC. Methods : Twenty-seven patients who were diagnosed with TAPVC (without other complex heart...
Case Report
Changes in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in a neonate with symptomatic isolated left ventricular noncompaction
Ji Hyeun Song, Yeo Hyang Kim, Chun Soo Kim, Sang Lak Lee, Tae Chan Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):129-132.   Published online January 15, 2009
We describe here our experience with a neonate presenting with cyanosis, grunting, and cardiomegaly, who was diagnosed with isolated left ventricular noncompaction (IVNC) by echocardiography. The patient had high levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT pro-BNP) and symptoms of heart failure including poor feeding and tachypnea. During the period in which NT pro-BNP levels steadily increased, the patient suffered...
Supraventricular tachycardia in a neonate with cardiac rhabdomyoma and tuberous sclerosis
In Kug Bang, Yeo Hyang Kim, Chun Soo Kim, Sang Lak Lee, Tae Chan Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(7):766-770.   Published online July 15, 2008
Primary tumors of the heart are uncommon among pediatric patients. Rhabdomyoma is the most frequent cardiac tumor in infants and children, which is commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis is a neurocutaneous syndrome affecting the brain, heart, skin, and other organs. Cardiac rhadomyomas are reported in 50-64% of infants with tuberous sclerosis. Tuberous sclerosis involves multiple locations in the...
A case of recurrent hepatoblastoma : lung, heart and brain metastasis
Sun Mi Park, Byung Kyu Choe, Yeo Hyang Kim, Heung Sik Kim, Tae Chan Kwon, Hee Jung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):691-695.   Published online June 15, 2006
Hepatoblastoma is a hepatic tumor predominantly occurring in children. The usual site of metastasis is the lung. There are only several reports worldwide on the distant metastasis of hepatoblastoma to the central nervous system in children. Only one reported case showed survival of a patient after multiple resections of a recurrent brain lesion. Involvement of the cardiovascular system has been...
Original Article
Evaluation of cardiac function by tissue Doppler imaging in children with cancer
Yeo Hyang Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(4):417-423.   Published online April 15, 2006
Purpose : The objectives of this study were to assess ventricular function by tissue Doppler imaging in children who were receiving chemotherapy or who had received chemotherapy, and to apply repeated tissue Doppler imaging to make an early assessment in cardiac toxicity studies. Methods : This study was conducted on 23 oncology patients on-treatment or off-treatment from April 2005 to July...
Risk Factors for the Early Recognition of Cow's Milk Protein-induced Enterocolitis
Sung Hyuk Lee, Seon Yun Choi, Byung Cheol Lee, Won Joung Choi, Byung Kyu Choe, Yeo Hyang Kim, Una Kang, Sin Kam, Jin-Bok Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):991-997.   Published online September 15, 2005
Purpose : Cow's milk protein-induced enterocolitis(CMPIE) is a symptom complex of vomiting and/ or diarrhea caused by delayed hypersensitivity and may result in serious complications. This study was undertaken to identify high risk factors to facilitate the early recognition of CMPIE. Methods : We reviewed the data of 101 patients, aged 15 to 45 days, admitted due to vomiting and/...
Usefulness of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography
Dong Won Lee, Byung Mok Kim, Sei Young Kim, Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(12):1281-1286.   Published online December 15, 2004
Purpose : This study was undertaken to learn the usefulness, cost-effectiveness and safety of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography(ITEE) during open heart surgery for congenital heart diseases. Methods : The usefulness and safety of ITEE were assessed in 254 patients who underwent open heart surgery for congenital heart diseases from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003, with retrospective chart reviews and a...
Abnormality of Regional Wall Motion of the Left Ventricle in Children with Ventricular Diastolic Overload
Yeo Hyang Kim, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(1):49-54.   Published online January 15, 2004
Purpose : To assess the regional wall motion of the left ventricle in patients with diastolic overloaded lesions of congenital heart diseases with centerline analysis and radial method. Methods : This study included 96 children with congenital heart diseases admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 1998 to December 2002 who received left ventriculograms. The evaluation of the regional wall...
Echocardiographic Parameters of Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum(PA/IVS)
Young Seok Lee, Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyum, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(5):484-489.   Published online May 15, 2003
Purpose : To understand morphologic and hemodynamic variations in patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum(PA/IVS), and to decide the best treatment modalities, we measured right ventricular volume, inflow, and outflow valvular annulus size in these patients and compared them with those of normal newborns. Methods : Eight patients with PA/IVS diagnosed by echocardiography from January to December 2001...
Hypoxia Induced Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Rat Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells
Un Seok Nho, Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(2):167-172.   Published online February 15, 2003
5% CO2-95% air atmosphere. The smooth muscle cells were confirmed by immunostaining with smooth muscle myosin and α-smooth muscle actin antibodies. The VEGF gene expression in the hypoxic group was compared with the one in control the group as well as the one in the starved group by RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization. Results : There was no statistically significant difference...
Serial Changes of Cardiac Troponin I After Pediatric Open Heart Surgery
Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(2):208-213.   Published online February 15, 2002
Purpose : The major cause of cardiac dysfunction, after open heart surgery for congenital heart disease, is perioperative myocardial injury. Cardiac troponin I is found only within the myocardial cell, so it can be used as a biochemical marker of the myocardial injury. We performed this study to evaluate the worth of cardiac troponin I as a biochemical marker reflecting...
Changes in Arterial Blood Gas in Crying Neonates
Yeo Hyang Kim, Heng Mi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(11):1496-1501.   Published online November 15, 1999
Purpose : Arterial blood gas and pH measurements are the standard by which adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation are assessed. The major problem with arterial punctures is that they can rarely be done without disturbing the neonates. Crying during arterial puncture usually results in change in respiratory patten and thus may result in significant changes in blood gas values Methods :...
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