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Volume 52(5); May 2009
Review Articles
Characteristics of tuberculosis in children and adolescents
Byung Wook Eun
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):513-518.   Published online May 15, 2009
In childhood tuberculosis, it is possible to clearly distinguish among three basic stages: exposure, infection, and disease. The incidence of tuberculosis in children is low compared with that in adults, but latent infection is a major concern because children, who are exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis especially early in childhood, are at increased risk of developing the disease. Younger children particularly...
Treatment of latent tuberculous infection in children and adolescent
Jong-Hyun Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):519-528.   Published online May 15, 2009
Tuberculosis continues to cause an unacceptably high toll of disease and death among children worldwide. Whereas intense scientific and clinical research efforts into novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive interventions have focused on tuberculosis in adults, childhood tuberculosis has been relatively neglected. However, children are particularly vulnerable to severe disease and death following infection, and those with latent infection become the...
Pediatric tuberculosis and drug resistance
Yae-Jean Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):529-537.   Published online May 15, 2009
Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children has important implications for both the patients and tuberculosis control programs. In Korea, among all new patients, the isoniazid resistance rate was 9.9% and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 2.7% in 2004 (in patients aged 10-19 yr, the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate reached 2.1%). Tuberculosis in pediatric patients is difficult to diagnose because many children have nonspecific clinical...
Original Articles
Clinical experience with amitriptyline for management of children with cyclic vomiting syndrome
Ye Jee Shim, Jung-mi Kim, Soonhak Kwon, Byung-Ho Choe
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):538-543.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To report the clinical experience with amitriptyline for managing children with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS). Methods : Totally, eleven children (eight males) were diagnosed with CVS. Of these, medical records were reviewed for eight children treated with amitriptyline; three children were not treated because one was not followed up and two were kept under observation to study the...
Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and children
Meong Hi Son, Jung Suk Yeom, Ji Suk Park, Eun Sil Park, Ji Hyun Seo, Jae Young Lim, Chan Hoo Park, Hyang Ok Woo, Hee Shang Youn
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):544-548.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To elucidate a potential association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants and children in terms of the other factors related to iron utilization and storage although the association of ferritin was previously studied. Methods : We evaluated 135 infants (aged 6-24 months) admitted at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 2000 to 2006. Western blot...
Assessment of parental understanding of epilepsy and effects of educational programs in an epilepsy camp
Sung Min Cho, Soon Hak Kwon, Doo Kwun Kim, Jun Sik Kim, Han Koo Moon, Hye-Eun Se, Kye Hyang Lee, Eun Ju Lee, Jun Hwa Lee, Nho Eun Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):549-556.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To assess parental knowledge and understanding of epilepsy including social stigma and evaluate the effects of educational programs on parents in an epilepsy camp. Methods : We conducted an epilepsy camp on August 23-24, 2008, at Gyeongsan. Twenty families with an epileptic child each participated in the camp. We performed a survey before and after the camp to...
Multicenter clinical study of childhood periodic syndromes that are common precursors to migraine using new criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II)
Jae Yong Park, Sang-Ook Nam, So-Hee Eun, Su Jeong You, Hoon-Chul Kang, Baik-Lin Eun, Hee Jung Chung
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):557-566.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To evaluate the clinical features and characteristics of childhood periodic syndromes (CPS) in Korea using the new criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-II. Methods : The study was conducted at pediatric neurology clinics of five urban tertiary-care medical centers in Korea from January 2006 to December 2007. Patients (44 consecutive children and adolescents) were divided into...
Proteomic analysis of human serum from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Chang Woo Lee, Seung Taek Yu, Ha Young Choi, Bun Jeong Koh, Yong Guen Kwak
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):567-575.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : Epilepsy affects more than 0.5% of the world's population. It has a large genetic component and is caused by electrical hyperexcitability in the central nervous system. Despite its prevalence, the disease lacks definitive diagnostic serological biomarkers. To identify potential biomarkers for epilepsy by a convenient method, we analyzed the expression of serum proteins, reflecting alterations in the patient's...
Questionnaire-based analysis of growth-promoting attempts among children visiting a university growth clinic
Kyoung Huh, Mi Jung Park
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):576-580.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : Growth-promoting attempts are widespread in Korea, but little is known about their prevalence or associated factors. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of growth-promoting attempts among children visiting a university growth clinic. Methods : A questionnaire-based survey was carried out with 823 children (416 boys, 407 girls) who visited the growth clinic at Paik Hospital. Results...
Serum methotrexate level is inversely related to the outcome of osteosarcoma patients
Jun Ah Lee, Min Suk Kim, Jin Kyung Lee, Dong Ho Kim, Young Joon Hong, Won Seok Song, Wan Hyeong Cho, Soo-Yong Lee, Jung Sub Lim, Kyung Duk Park, Dae-Geun Jeon
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):581-587.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To evaluate the correlation between serum methotrexate (MTX) peak levels and clinical outcome of osteosarcoma, as well as to determine the correlation of these levels with the histologic response and event-free survival (EFS). Methods : To maintain the homogeneity of the study population, we selected 52 patients with localized extremity osteosarcoma who had received two cycles of neoadjuvant...
Effect of growth hormone on neuronal death in hippocampal slice cultures of neonatal rats exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation
Kyung Sik Hong, Jihui Kang, Myeung Ju Kim, Jeesuk Yu, Young Pyo Chang
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):588-593.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To investigate whether growth hormone (GH) has a protective effect on neurons in hippocampal slice cultures of neonatal rats exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Methods : Cultured hippocampal slices of 7-day-old rats were exposed to OGD for 60 min. Then, the slices were immediately treated with three doses of GH (5, 50, or 500 µM) in media. The...
Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits according to transforming growth factor-β1 administration after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats
Hae Young Go, Eok Su Seo, Woo Taek Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):594-602.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 reportedly increases neuronal survival by inhibiting the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in astrocytes and protecting neurons after excitotoxic injury. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of TGF-β1 on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in neonatal rats is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine whether TGF-β1 has neuroprotective effects via a...
Case Reports
De novo interstitial direct duplication 8 (p21.3p23.1) with Pierre Robin sequence
Soon Min Lee, Min Soo Park, Kook In Park, Ran Namgung, Chul Lee, Jin Seong Lee, Kyung A Lee, Jong-Rak Choi
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):603-606.   Published online May 15, 2009
The Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is the nonrandom association of micrognathia, cleft palate, and glossoptosis, leading to respiratory and feeding difficulties that appear neurogenic rather than mechanical in causation. Genetic determinants are thought to underlie this functional and morphological entity, based on the existence of Mendelian syndromes with PRS. Here, we demonstrate the association of PRS with trisomy 8p due...
Herpes zoster complicated by deep vein thrombosis : a case report
Woo-Yeon Cho, Young-Kuk Cho, Jae-Sook Ma
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):607-610.   Published online May 15, 2009
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes two diseases: Varicella, a generalized, primary infection, and herpes zoster (zoster), a secondary infection caused by latent VZV reactivation. Zoster can also be caused by latent VZV reactivation after a varicella vaccination. The complications associated with varicella include cutaneous infections, which are the most common, as well as pulmonary and neurological involvement. However, a deep...
Familial systemic lupus erythematosus in two Korean male siblings
Hyun Sik Kang, Hyun Ju Oh, Young Ree Kim, Jae-Wang Kim, Kyung-Sue Shin
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):611-614.   Published online May 15, 2009
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of a wide range of autoantibodies, resulting in tissue damage. Although the susceptibility to SLE has been attributed to complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, the influence of a genetic predisposition to SLE is supported by observations of familial aggregations. Family studies have found that siblings...
Two cases of Kawasaki disease following pneumonia
Hyun Jung Kim, Soo Jin Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):615-618.   Published online May 15, 2009
Kawasaki disease (KD) causes multisystemic vasculitis but rarely manifests with pulmonary symptoms. As its etiology is still unknown, there are no specific diagnostic tools available, and KD can be diagnosed only by the symptom pattern. The presence of unusual clinical manifestations often leads to delayed diagnosis. Here, we report two cases of KD with an initial presentation of pneumonia. KD...
Bilateral paroxysmal hemicrania with autonomic features in a child: A case report
Young Il Rho
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):619-621.   Published online May 15, 2009
Paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is rare in children and not widely recognized. It is characterized by pain attacks and associated symptoms and signs similar to those experiencing cluster headaches, but the features have a shorter effect, are more frequent, and respond completely to indomethacin. Some patients with PH may experience slight pain across the midline. There are only four cases of...
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease with aseptic meningitis
Se Jin Park, Won Jin Moon, Wan Seop Kim, Kyo Sun Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2009;52(5):622-626.   Published online May 15, 2009
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease was initially described as a self-limiting histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in Japan in 1972, and is predominantly observed in women under the age of 30 year and in Asian populations. The pathogenesis is still poorly understood but is thought to include infections, and autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. The most common clinical manifestations are fever and painless cervical lymphadenitis. Diagnosis...
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