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Volume 57(4); Apr 2014
Review Articles
Genetic risk factors associated with respiratory distress syndrome
Heui Seung Jo
Korean J Pediatr. 2014;57(4):157-163.   Published online April 30, 2014

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among preterm infants is typically due to a quantitative deficiency of pulmonary surfactant. Aside from the degree of prematurity, diverse environmental and genetic factors can affect the development of RDS. The variance of the risk of RDS in various races/ethnicities or monozygotic/dizygotic twins has suggested genetic influences on this disorder. So far, several specific mutations in...

Effectiveness and safety of seasonal influenza vaccination in children with underlying respiratory diseases and allergy
Jin-Han Kang
Korean J Pediatr. 2014;57(4):164-170.   Published online April 30, 2014

Influenza causes acute respiratory infections and various complications. Children in the high-risk group have higher complication and hospitalization rates than high-risk elderly individuals. Influenza prevention in children is important, as they can be a source infection spread in their communities. Influenza vaccination is strongly recommended for high-risk children with chronic underlying circulatory and respiratory disease, immature infants, and children receiving...

Original Articles
The relationship between eosinophilia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants at less than 34 weeks' gestation
Joo Yun Yang, Jihei Cha, So-Yeon Shim, Su Jin Cho, Eun Ae Park
Korean J Pediatr. 2014;57(4):171-177.   Published online April 30, 2014
Purpose

Eosinophilia is common in premature infants, and its incidence increases with a shorter gestation period. We investigated the clinical significance of eosinophilia in premature infants born at <34 weeks gestation.

Methods

We analyzed the medical records of premature infants born at <34 weeks gestation who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital between January 2003...

Blood culture contamination in hospitalized pediatric patients: a single institution experience
Hyewon Min, Cheong Soo Park, Dong Soo Kim, Ki Hwan Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2014;57(4):178-185.   Published online April 30, 2014
Purpose

Blood culture is the most important tool for detecting bacteremia in children with fever. However, blood culture contamination rates range from 0.6% to 6.0% in adults; rates for young children have been considered higher than these, although data are limited, especially in Korea. This study determined the contamination rate and risk factors in pediatric patients visiting the emergency room (ER)...

Predictive value of C-reactive protein in response to macrolides in children with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Young Ho Seo, Jang Su Kim, Sung Chul Seo, Won Hee Seo, Young Yoo, Dae Jin Song, Ji Tae Choung
Korean J Pediatr. 2014;57(4):186-192.   Published online April 30, 2014
Purpose

The prevalence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) has increased worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of MRMP in a tertiary hospital in Korea, and to find potential laboratory markers that could be used to predict the efficacy of macrolides in children with MRMP pneumonia.

Methods

A total of 95 patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia were enrolled in...

Baseline heart rate variability in children and adolescents with vasovagal syncope
Sun Hee Shim, Sun-Young Park, Se Na Moon, Jin Hee Oh, Jae Young Lee, Hyun Hee Kim, Ji Whan Han, Soon Ju Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2014;57(4):193-198.   Published online April 30, 2014
Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the autonomic imbalance in syncope by comparing the baseline heart rate variability (HRV) between healthy children and those with vasovagal syncope.

Methods

To characterize the autonomic profile in children experiencing vasovagal syncope, we evaluated the HRV of 23 patients aged 7-18 years and 20 healthy children. These children were divided into preadolescent (<12 years) and adolescent groups....

Case Reports
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is effective even in infants with external iliac artery pseudoaneurysms
Min-Jung Cho, Ung-Bae Jeon, Ki-Seok Choo, Hyoung-Doo Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2014;57(4):199-201.   Published online April 30, 2014

Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms are extremely rare in children. Conventional management of pseudoaneurysms in adults has included surgical repair, ultrasound-guided compression, and more recently, endovascular embolization. However, in infants and children, there is little information regarding the applicability of such treatment modalities, which have been effective in adults, because of its rarity. Here, we present the case of a 6-month-old infant who...

Pulmonary hemorrhage in pediatric lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome
Ji Soo Kim, Min Jae Kim, E Young Bae, Dae Chul Jeong
Korean J Pediatr. 2014;57(4):202-205.   Published online April 30, 2014

Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS), a very rare disease that is caused by the presence of antifactor II antibodies, is usually counterbalanced by the prothrombotic effect of lupus anticoagulant (LAC). Patients with LAHPS are treated using fresh frozen plasma, steroids, immunosuppressive agents, and immunoglobulins for managing the disease and controlling hemorrhages. Notably, steroids are the important treatment for treating hypoprothrombinemia and...

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