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Usefulness of video-EEG monitoring in paroxysmal nonepileptic events of children and adolescents

Korean Journal of Pediatrics 2008;51(1):62-66.
Published online January 15, 2008.
Usefulness of video-EEG monitoring in paroxysmal nonepileptic events of children and adolescents
Jee Yeon Lee1, Hee Sun Lee2, Wook Sun Choi2, So Hee Eun2, Ki Hyung Lee2, Baik Lin Eun2, Joo Won Lee2
1Department of Pediatrics, Kwangmyung-Sungae Hospital, Kwangmyung, Korea
2Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
소아와 청소년의 돌발적 비간질 발작의 진단에 있어 비디오-뇌파 모니터링의 유용성
이지연1, 이희선2, 최욱선2, 은소희2, 이기형2, 은백린2, 이주원2
1광명성애병원 소아청소년과
2고려대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실
Correspondence: 
Baik Lin Eun, Email: bleun@korea.ac.kr
Abstract
Purpose
: This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome patients by using puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis model.
Methods
: Following administration of various concentrations of PAN and antioxidants we observed the changes of podocyte cytoskeletons in cultured rat glomerular epithelial cells (GEpC) by method of scanning electron microscope, reactive oxyten species (ROS) analysis, permeability assay, confocal microscope, and Western blot assay.
Results
: PAN not only induced the ultrastructural changes of GEpC, such as shortening and fusion of microvilli, but also separated the intercellular gaps and linear ZO-1. PAN induced oxidative stresses in time and dose dependent manners and increases of intercellular permeability in anti-oxidants inhibitable manners. High concentration of PAN induced not only actin polymerization and disorganization, but also the conglomerulation and internal dislocation of α-actinin protein. The intensities of fluorescences of ZO-1 protein were diminished and internalized by PAN in a dose-dependent manner, which were inhibited by anti anti-oxidants.
Conclusion
: PAN induced the changes of podocytes cytoskeleton and junctional barriers by way of increasing ROS in GEpC that resulted in increasing their permeability in a antioxidatn-inhibitable manner. Glomerular hyperpermeability induced by PAN mediateing through oxidative stresses is thought to take part in the mechanism of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome.
Key Words: Paroxysmal nonepileptic event, Video-EEG monitoring


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