Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

All issues > Volume 61(1); 2018

Park, Kim, Kim, and Ko: Commentary on “Megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria syndrome: the first case report in Korea”

Letter to the Editor

Published online: January 22, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2018.61.1.35

Commentary on “Megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria syndrome: the first case report in Korea”

Sung-Min Park, MD^1,², Byung-Soo Kim, MD, PhD¹, Moon-Bum Kim, MD, PhD¹, Hyun-Chang Ko, MD, PhD^1,^2,³

¹Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

²Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.

³Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hyun-Chang Ko, MD, PhD. Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-55-360-1678, Fax: +82-55-360-1679, hcko@pusan.ac.kr

Received March 22, 2017 Revised November 21, 2017 Accepted November 21, 2017

The Korean Pediatric Society

(open-access, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/):

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

To the editor:

We read with great interest the recently published article by Choi et al.,¹⁾ which describes the first reported case of megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria syndrome in Korea. Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by megalencephaly or hemimegalencephaly, focal or generalized somatic overgrowth, and vascular malformations. We have some minor concerns regarding the report.

First, capillary malformation (CM) is a major criterion according to Wright et al.²⁾ and Martínez-Glez et al.,³⁾ and a core feature, according to Mirzaa et al.⁴⁾ In Table 1 in their report, the authors examined the patient for CM. Although CMs tend to darken and thicken with time, they are usually pinkish red to purple in color.⁵⁾ We wonder whether the patient had an obvious CM, except multiple telangiectasia, or brownish patches.

Second, we have reported a case entitled “Megalencephaly-capillary Malformation Syndrome” in 2015.⁶⁾ Although published in a Korean journal, the case can be searched through the KoreaMed Web site (https://www.koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php). The patient was an 11-month-old male infant who presented with extensive, diffuse, reticulated, erythematous patches on his face, trunk, and extremities. Histopathological findings from the erythematous patch on the chest showed slightly dilated capillaries in the upper part of the dermis. Physical examination revealed an increased head circumference (52 cm, >97th percentile), frontal bossing, hypertrophy of the right arm and leg, and syndactyly between the second and third toes of both feet. Borderline developmental delay was identified using the Korean Infant and Child Developmental Screening Test. Radiological findings showed asymmetry of the upper and lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an enlarged right cerebral hemisphere and nonobstructive ventriculomegaly. Although genetic testing was not performed, the patient was diagnosed with megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome based on clinical, radiological, and pathological findings.

Genetic testing, in addition to the clinical and radiological findings, could facilitate an accurate diagnosis. We agree with the authors' speculation in the discussion section of the report that genetic testing may provide clues for determining the underlying genetic etiology of this syndrome.

Notes

Conflicts of interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

References

1. Choi YC, Yum MS, Kim MJ, Lee YJ, Ko TS. Megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria syndrome: the first case report in Korea. Korean J Pediatr 2016;59(Suppl 1): S152–S156.
[Article] [PubMed] [PMC]

2. Wright DR, Frieden IJ, Orlow SJ, Shin HT, Chamlin S, Schaffer JV, et al. The misnomer “macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome”: report of 12 new cases and support for revising the name to macrocephaly-capillary malformations. Arch Dermatol 2009;145:287–293.
[PubMed]

3. Martínez-Glez V, Romanelli V, Mori MA, Gracia R, Segovia M, González-Meneses A, et al. Macrocephaly-capillary malformation: analysis of 13 patients and review of the diagnostic criteria. Am J Med Genet A 2010;152A:3101–3106.
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4. Mirzaa GM, Conway RL, Gripp KW, Lerman-Sagie T, Siegel DH, deVries LS, et al. Megalencephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP) and megalencephaly-polydactyly-polymicrogyria-hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndromes: two closely related disorders of brain overgrowth and abnormal brain and body morphogenesis. Am J Med Genet A 2012;158A:269–291.
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5. Fitzpatrick TB, Goldsmith LA. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2012.

6. Park SM, Kim GW, Cho HH, Kim WJ, Mun JH, Song M, et al. Megalencephaly-capillary Malformation syndrome. Korean J Dermatol 2015;53:546–551.