| Neonatal Facial and Cry Responses to Invasive and Non-invasive Procedures |
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Seon Hwa Seo, Young Pyo Chang |
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Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea |
| 정상 신생아에서 침습적 동통과 비침습적 동통시 표정 반응과 울음 소리 반응 차이에 관한 연구 |
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서선화, 장영표 |
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단국대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실 |
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| Abstract |
Purpose
: The evaluation of pain in neonates is difficult due to their limited means of
communication. The aim of this study was to determine whether the behavioral reactions of facial
action and cry provoked by an invasive pain-induced procedure could be discriminated from the
reactions to a noninvasive pain-induced procedure in normal full-term neonates.
Methods
: Thirty-six healthy full-term neonates received three pain-induced procedures in
counterbalanced order:intramuscular injection, tactile stimulus, and rubbing thigh with alcohol. The
facial actions to the pain-induced procedures were measured and analysed by Neonatal Facial
Action Coding System(NFACS) and the cry measures were analysed by the speech analysis after
recording.
Results
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1) A cluster of facial actions comprised of brow bulging, eye squeezing, deepening of nasolabial
furrow and open mouth was associated most frequently with the invasive procedure and the total
facial action was the highest score in intramuscular injection.
2) Acoustic analysis of cry showed the shortest latency to the first cry and the lonegst duration of
the first cry in intramuscular injection.
3) Two variables, total facial action and duration of the first cry, were most statistically significant
in discriminating the invasive pain-induced procedure from the noninvasve pain-induced procedure.
Conclusion
: The facial actions and cry responses to the invasive pain-induced procedure were
significantly different from the responses to the noninvasive pain-induced procedure in healthy
full-term neonates. |
| Key Words:
Pain, Newborn, Facial Action, Cry response |
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