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· Chronic abdominal pain caused by a gastric trichobezoar is extremely rare among children. · An indentable epigastric mass is characteristic and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is diagnostic of a gastric trichobezoar. · Symptomatic large trichobezoars usually require surgery. · Neuropsychiatric disorders are often associated with gastric trichobezoar, making a psychiatric evaluation of paramount importance. |
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Zinc may play a key role in preventing febrile seizures by increasing the seizure threshold and reducing oxidative stress. Incorporating zinc supplements into treatment could help protect children from the adverse effects of febrile seizures and improve their overall outcomes. |
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Question: What are the most common enteric pathogens in acute diarrhea among children younger than 5 years of age, and which age group is most susceptible? Finding: Bacteria were the most common causative microorganisms of diarrhea, followed by viruses, parasites, and fungi. The 1–2-year age group was the most commonly affected. Meaning: There is a need to formulate preventive strategies targeting children exposed to enteric pathogens to limit diarrhea. |
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Question: How do dietary intake and physical activity affect body mass index (BMI) z scores and adiposity among children with obesity? Finding: Higher dietary protein and fiber intakes were significantly associated with a decrease in BMI z scores and adiposity among children with obesity. Meaning: Optimizing dietary interventions by focusing on protein and fiber intakes could be an effective strategy for managing childhood obesity. |
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Question: What is the level of immunity against meningococcal infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) under the age of 19, and is vaccination against meningococcus necessary for these patients, given their susceptibility to infections due to immunosuppressive treatments and disease characteristics? Finding: Although some of our study patients exhibited serum bactericidal activity against meningococci, most remained seronegative. Meaning: These findings suggest that patients with SLE who are at risk of meningococcal infection receive appropriate vaccinations. |
· The ecological impacts of microplastics have been documented. It was recently recognized that they can directly or indirectly cause diseases in humans. · There are few established methods for assessing human exposure to microplastics. · Standardization of exposure assessments and large-scale epidemiological studies are required to explore the human effects of microplastics. |
The suitability of World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts for assessing the growth of children under 3 years of age in all countries remains controversial, and their applicability must be evaluated based on country-specific growth data. The Korea Infant Physical Growth Examination Survey evaluated the suitability of WHO growth charts to contribute to the next revision of growth charts in Korea. |
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A positive bidirectional relationship between gastrointestinal disorders and anxiety, but with no clear aetiology, was identified. Factors such as somatisation and pain catastrophising resulted in poorer pain-related outcomes in children. Further studies are required to understand this relationship in order to have targeted treatments and ensure better long term outcomes. |
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Pediatric asthma can persist to adulthood and must be effectively managed. This review examined the prevalence of asthma among individuals younger than 20 years and revealed a decline from 1990 to 2021, higher rates in males, and a peak in children aged 5–9 years. Despite a projected continued decrease in prevalence by 2050, asthma will remain a significant health concern for children and adolescents. |
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This article highlights the benefits, challenges, and current significance of telemedicine. Future research is needed, primarily to address the challenges of optimizing the implementation of telehealth. To use telemedicine effectively and efficiently for the timely diagnosis and management of patients, an evaluation of current telemedicine practice is needed. Analysis of shortcomings and advantages can help enhance healthcare delivery to pediatric patients, making it more accessible for future use. |
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Question: Does obesity in preschool children affect lung function, and which obesity indices can predict such alterations? Finding: Preschool children with obesity exhibit impaired lung function characterized by elevated total and peripheral airway resistance. Waist-to-height ratio was the strongest predictor of such changes. Meaning: Early obesity prevention and treatment are needed. Monitoring waist-to-height ratio, body weight, and body mass index may help identify children at risk of altered lung function. |
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Question: What are the clinicopathological features and outcomes of pediatric C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) in resource-limited settings? Finding: Children with C3G in resource-limited settings have significant morbidities, and most experience kidney sequelae despite treatment. Electron microscopy was performed in only 50% of our patients, while none received complement assays or genetic testing. Meaning: Pediatric C3G presentation, management, and kidney outcomes vary. Its thorough evaluation and management are challenging in resource-limited settings. |
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Question: What is the occurrence of pediatric stroke in Indonesia? Finding: This multicenter study identified 1,074 stroke cases, predominantly hemorrhagic (83.4%), with males and older children at higher risk. Accidents were the primary cause (73.2%). Meaning: Pediatric stroke in Indonesia shows critical epidemiological trends, highlighting the need for targeted prevention efforts, particularly for high-risk groups like males and accident victims. |
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· Despite much effort, breastfeeding practices remain unsatisfactory worldwide. · Effective breastfeeding-promoting interventions are needed that are appropriate for age, culture, and social environment. · Interventions can promote breastfeeding, especially in younger populations such as adolescent mothers. |
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is the most critical intervention provided during delivery room resuscitation. In the new guidelines, this recommendation has been expanded to suggest the use of laryngeal mask airyway (LMA) versus face masks for PPV. Evidence-based information and hands-on training related to this practice will help more healthcare providers become familiar with and appropriately use LMA during delivery room resuscitations. |
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· Previous reviews of extrauterine growth restriction focused mainly on weight growth restriction caused by nutritional factors or pathological conditions. · This review summarizes recent developments in the pathophysiology of nonnutritional length growth restriction in very preterm infants with focus on the impact of sustained neonatal inflammation on their short- and long-term outcomes. · Further research is needed to investigate optimal strategies to improve length growth restriction in very preterm infants. |
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· Childhood blood pressure (BP) is significantly associated with adult hypertension and cardiovascular disease. · Despite ongoing debate regarding the need for regular BP screening and early pharmacotherapy in children, the benefits of optimizing BP throughout childhood are clear. · Childhood presents a critical window for normalizing BP through lifestyle modifications such as reducing sodium intake and increasing physical activity to promote lifelong cardiovascular health and prevent longterm complications. |
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Cerebral organoids obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells are transforming the study of pediatric neurological diseases by providing more accurate models of human brain development and pathology. These advancements have improved pathology modeling and the potential for novel therapeutic approaches despite existing challenges such as reproducibility and vascularization. |
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Question: Do transient metabolic disturbances in early childhood due to citrin deficiency have lasting effects on neurocognitive function? Finding: Children with citrin deficiency have a higher prevalence of ADHD compared to the general population, with elevated ammonia levels in infancy associated with increased hyperactivity-impulsivity risk. Meaning: Metabolic disturbances in early childhood due to citrin deficiency may contribute to long-term neurocognitive impacts, particularly ADHD, while IQ and life outcomes generally remain normal. |
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Question: Short-term (1-year) follow-up data in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially in Southeast Asian countries, are limited. Finding/Meaning: Abdominal pain and pallor rates remained high at 1 year after IBD diagnosis. Three independent factors of 1-year clinical remission for Crohn disease were oral prednisolone, antibiotic, and immunomodulator use at 1-year follow-up. A history of weight loss at diagnosis was the only independent risk factor of IBD flare. |
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Question: What is the prevalence of an impaired trabecular bone score (TBS), a measure of bone microarchitecture, in adolescents with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD)? Do prednisolone and hydrocortisone affect TBS differently in this patient population? Finding: Impaired TBS was observed in 18% of participants. Prednisolone use negatively impacted TBS change. Meaning: Impaired TBS is prevalent among adolescents with 21OHD. Prednisolone impairs trabecular bone microarchitecture development. |
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Question: Do community members and health providers show different level of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards dengue vaccine? Finding: These 2 groups only differed in practice component, while the knowledge and attitude constituents were relatively low for both. Meaning: There is an urgent need to deliver educational interventions to raise awareness of community members and health providers regarding dengue vaccination. |
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· South Korea faces a severe demographic crisis with the lowest global fertility rate. Despite significant investments, the total fertility rate continues to decline. · It is necessary to fully mobilize national capabilities and execute comprehensive strategies that focus on both intangible and tangible values. · Immediate and decisive action is essential to addressing these challenges effectively. |
· Prevention and management of dehydration is the major goal of treatment in acute infectious diarrhea in children. · Zinc could be effective as an adjuvant therapy in reducing the duration of acute infectious diarrhea in malnourished children. |
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Studies indicate potential connections between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and childhood obesity. Variations in the impact of EDCs in epidemiological studies may result from differences in exposure concentrations and timing, measurement methods, and interactive effects of multiple EDCs. Longitudinal studies on exposure to multiple EDCs are crucial to elucidating their contribution to pediatric obesity and minimize the adverse health consequences of EDC exposure. |
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Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) often coexist with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and other IgE or non-IgE mediated GI diseases. Diagnosing EGIDs requires a high index of suspicion and a comprehensive approach to differentiate them from conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. Tests such as fecal calprotectin and biopsies aid in severe cases. Maintaining a food diary helps identify triggers for long-term elimination. Awareness and education are key to effective management. |
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Question: Can sigh breaths (Sighs) application during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) decrease partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels? Finding: The mean PaCO2 level after Sighs during HFOV was significantly decreased compared to that after HFOV alone (mean difference, -3.6 mmHg). Meaning: HFOV plus Sighs functionality can reduce PaCO2 levels. However, further studies are required to conclusively determine the effects of Sighs. |
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Question: What are common tantrum behaviors in preschool children, and how frequently are problematic behaviors observed? Do problematic tantrums have a different emotional impact on caregivers compared to typical tantrums? Finding: Temper tantrums are common in preschool children, and verbal tantrums are the most common type. Meaning: Problematic tantrums, defined as tantrums exhibiting aggressive physical behavior, long duration (>15 minutes), or frequent occurrence (>3 days/wk), significantly affected caregivers’ emotions. |
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Question: What are the primary triggers for pediatric migraines, and how do they impact clinical management? Finding: Common triggers for pediatric migraines include sleep disturbances, academic stress, and motion sickness, with academic stress identified as the most intense. Meaning: Recognizing and addressing specific triggers like sleep disturbance and academic stress is crucial to effectively managing pediatric migraines with emphasis on personalized care to improve outcomes. |
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics is an open access journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
Copyright © 2025 by Korean Pediatric Society.