Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Neurology

Big data analysis and artificial intelligence in epilepsy – common data model analysis and machine learning-based seizure detection and forecasting

Yoon Gi Chung, Yonghoon Jeon, Sooyoung Yoo, Hunmin Kim, Hee Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(6):272-282. Published online November 26, 2021

· Big data analysis, such as common data model and artificial intelligence, can solve relevant questions and improve clinical care.
· Recent deep learning studies achieved 0.887–0.996 areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for automated interictal epileptiform discharge detection.
· Recent deep learning studies achieved 62.3%–99.0% accuracy for interictal-ictal classification in seizure detection and 75.0%– 87.8% sensitivity with a 0.06–0.21/hr false positive rate in seizure forecasting.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00766

Endocrinology

Pediatric hypertension based on Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines (JSH 2019) with actual school blood pressure screening data in Japan

Toru Kikuchi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(6):283-290. Published online November 26, 2021

The prevalence of Japanese pediatric hypertension is 0.9% based on proper measurement protocols. Hypertensive children tend to be hypertensive adults. Pediatric essential hypertension is characterized by an absence of symptoms, obesity, a family history of hypertension, and a low birth weight. The most common causes of pediatric secondary hypertension are renal parenchymal and renovascular diseases. Important factors controlling pediatric hypertension include healthy lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00920

Neurology

Recent trends of healthcare information and communication technologies in pediatrics: a systematic review

Se young Jung, Keehyuck Lee, Hee Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(6):291-299. Published online December 15, 2021

· The innovation of healthcare information communication technology (ICT) was accelerated with the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs).
· Telemedicine currently has no technical barriers.
· EHRs and personal health records are being connected, and mobile/wearable technologies are being integrated into them.
· Conventional rule-based clinical decision support systems have already been implemented and used in EHRs and PHRs. Artificial intelligence/machine learning improves precision and accuracy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.01333

Editorial

Endocrinology

Low bone mineral density can occur in children after shortterm systemic glucocorticoid treatment

Moon Bae Ahn

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(6):300-301. Published online April 27, 2022

Osteoporosis diagnosed in children with chronic diseases is a major endocrine complication triggered by the disease itself or its treatment. Although age upon starting osteotoxic agents and the their duration of use are vital contributors, spontaneous recovery of bone mass following treatment completion is a privilege of this specific age group. For any patients short-term glucocorticoid therapy, bone health screening is the next step.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01599

Cardiology

Coronavirus disease 2019 and mRNA vaccines: what’s next – miRNA?

Joon Kee Lee, Heon-Seok Han

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(6):302-303. Published online March 28, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules that function in RNA silencing and the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. The potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers of myocarditis is promising, and miRNAs are expected to be utilized in various clinical fields in the future.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00283

Original Article

Endocrinology

Effects of probiotics combined with dietary and lifestyle modification on clinical, biochemical, and radiological parameters in obese children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized clinical trial

Thushara Rodrigo, Samaranayake Dulani, Sumudu Nimali Seneviratne, Arjuna P. De Silva, Jerad Fernando, H. Janaka De Silva, Jayasekera , V. Pujitha Wickramasinghe

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(6):304-311. Published online November 11, 2021

Question: Could probiotics be used as a therapeutic modality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis?
Finding: There seem no added advantages over lifestyle modifications compared to Probiotics.
Meaning: There does not seem to be an advantage of probiotics over lifestyle modifications in improving obesity-associated metabolic derangement in children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00787

Neurology

Neurodevelopmental outcomes and comorbidities of children with congenital muscular torticollis: evaluation using the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children database

Og Hyang Kim, Seung Won Lee, Eun Kyo Ha, Ju Hee Kim, Yun Hye Jo, Seongyeong Rhie, Man Yong Han, Kyu Young Chae

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(6):312-319. Published online December 9, 2021

Question: What comorbidities are increased in children with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT)? Are there differences in the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with CMT who received physical therapy versus those who did not?
Finding: The risk of congenital musculoskeletal deformities is increased in CMT. Children who did not receive physical therapy were at greater risk of neurodevelopmental delay.
Meaning: In CMT, musculoskeletal comorbidities should be identified and active early treatment provided.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01417

Letter to the Editor

Infection

Changes in epidemiology of parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus infection during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Korea

Kyung-Ran Kim, Hwanhee Park, Doo Ri Kim, Yae-Jean Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(6):320-321. Published online March 10, 2022

Question: How the epidemiology of other childhood respiratory viruses has changed during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea?
Finding: Parainfluenza virus (PIV) typically circulated in the spring, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic started in autumn in Korea before COVID-19 pandemic. PIV and RSV seasons disappeared in 2020 and came back in 2021 with atypical seasonality. PIV season was changed from spring to autumn, and the beginning of RSV season was slightly delayed from autumn to early winter in 2021.
Meaning: Circulation of PIV and RSV was changed to unusual seasons and patterns during COVID-19 pandemic period.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01823

Cited By 211	Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19)
Cited By 107	Epidemiology and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children
Cited By 45	Ten-year trends and prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among the Korean population, 2008–2017
Cited By 26	Components of human breast milk: from macronutrient to microbiome and microRNA
Cited By 26	Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

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