Most viewed
- Page Path
-
- HOME
- BROWSE ARTICLES
- Most viewed
"Most viewed" Articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last six month.
- Review Article
- Gastroenterology
- Balancing therapeutic benefits and hidden risks of proton pump inhibitors in pediatric practice: a narrative review and update
(207,803 times)
-
Maria Rogalidou, Alexandra Papadopoulou
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(3):186-196. Published online February 25, 2026
-
|
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively treat acid-related disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Long-term use, particularly in children, may lead to microbiome alterations, nutrient deficiencies, infections, renal injury, osteoporosis, fractures, and other gastrointestinal changes. PPI therapy should be guided by clear clinical indications, prescribed at the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration, and regularly reassessed to minimize risks in young children. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Neurology
- Clinical application of whole exome and genome sequencing in pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders
(201,295 times)
-
Keun Soo Lee, Seung Hwan Oh, Ja Young Lee, Go Hun Seo, Da Eun Roh, Ji Kyoung Park, Bo Lyun Lee
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(5):417-427. Published online April 22, 2026
-
|
Question: What is the diagnostic utility of whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) in unexplained neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs)?
Finding: WES and WGS achieved a combined diagnostic yield of 39.1% in children with NDDs. Novel variants accounted for over half the pathogenic findings, and trio-based or phenotype-driven testing improved the diagnostic rate.
Meaning: Comprehensive genomic sequencing integrated with clinical phenotyping enhances diagnostic yield among children with NDDs. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Endocrinology
- Testosterone therapy in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty: a PubMed-based systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis
(106,182 times)
-
Ashraf T. Soliman, Fawzia Alyafei, Nada Alaaraj, Noor Hamed, Shayma Ahmed, Khaled A. Siddiq, Mohammed Qusad, Mohamed AlKhalaf
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(7):531-541. Published online June 18, 2026
-
|
In boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty, a short course of low-dose testosterone consistently accelerates linear growth and advances pubertal maturation. Long-term follow-up studies do not show a clinically meaningful effect of conservative regimens on near-adult height. As the pooled quantitative evidence represents only 46 boys in 2 controlled studies, treatment should remain individualized, while larger randomized trials using standardized patient-reported outcomes are needed. |
-
-
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Optimal postnatal corticosteroid regimens to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia with minimal adverse effects
(95,189 times)
-
Ga Won Jeon
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(4):293-300. Published online March 27, 2026
-
|
Postnatal corticosteroids facilitate ventilator weaning and reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Despite being commonly used in high-risk infants, administration guidelines have not been established. Early dexamethasone may cause neurodevelopmental harm, and the optimal dosing remains uncertain. Inhaled corticosteroids show inconclusive benefits, whereas intratracheal administration with surfactant appears promising. Thus, corticosteroids should be used cautiously in high-risk, ventilator-dependent infants with severe BPD, and further high-quality trials are needed. |
-
-
- Developmental and Behavioral Medicine
- Clinical practice guidelines for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: recent updates
(50,071 times)
-
Tae Hoon Eom, Young-Hoon Kim
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):26-34. Published online June 14, 2023
-
|
· Primary pediatricians should play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
· The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, has lowered the diagnostic threshold for older teens and adults and a comorbid diagnosis with autism is now allowed.
· The American Academy of Pediatrics had added recommendation-related comorbid conditions in its guideline and the Society of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics recently developed a complex ADHD guideline.
· The European ADHD Guideline Group recently developed a guideline for managing ADHD during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. |
-
-
- Nutrition
- Dietary fiber in pediatric gastrointestinal health: a narrative review of evidence and challenges
(49,650 times)
-
Rohit Das, Bipashna Thatal, Buddhiman Tamang
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(6):456-472. Published online May 27, 2026
-
|
Dietary fiber plays a critical role in pediatric gastrointestinal health by modulating gut microbiota, improving bowel function, and supporting immune development. Evidence consistently supports its benefit in functional constipation, while effects on abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome remain variable due to differences in fiber type, dosage, and study design. Clinically, fiber should be used as an adjunct therapy within individualized dietary and behavioral management strategies for children. |
-
-
- Endocrinology
- Growth plate closure and therapeutic interventions
(43,488 times)
-
Ja Hyang Cho, Hae Woon Jung, Kye Shik Shim
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):553-559. Published online October 28, 2024
-
|
Height gains result from longitudinal bone growth. Upon adequate growth, growth plate closure limits longitudinal bone growth. To date, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, aromatase inhibitors, C-type natriuretic peptide analogs, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 inhibitors have been studied or used as therapeutic interventions to delay growth plate closure and increase human height. The development of more effective therapeutic modalities for short stature, precocious puberty, and skeletal dysplasia is anticipated. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with intermittent sigh breaths on carbon dioxide levels in neonates
(42,300 times)
-
Kulthida Baingam, Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Manapat Praditaukrit, Gunlawadee Maneenil, Supaporn Dissaneevate
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):178-184. Published online November 13, 2024
-
|
Question: Can sigh breaths (Sighs) application during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) decrease partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels?
Finding: The mean PaCO2 level after Sighs during HFOV was significantly decreased compared to that after HFOV alone (mean difference, -3.6 mmHg).
Meaning: HFOV plus Sighs functionality can reduce PaCO2 levels. However, further studies are required to conclusively determine the effects of Sighs. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Other
- Myopia: a review of current concepts, association with nonophthalmological conditions, and treatment strategy in children and adolescents
(28,199 times)
-
Yeon Woong Chung
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):554-565. Published online April 1, 2025
-
|
Myopia is a major ophthalmological disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide, particularly in East Asia. Evidence indicates that its development involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Body stature, sleep patterns, and nutritional status significantly influence the progression of myopia during childhood and adolescence. Its treatment and prevention strategies include optical correction, atropine therapy, increased outdoor activity, decreased near work, and regular retinal monitoring. |
-
-
- Developmental and Behavioral Medicine
- Comprehensive evaluation of the child with global developmental delays or intellectual disability
(27,172 times)
-
Abdullah Nasser Aldosari, T. Saeed Aldosari
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):435-446. Published online May 29, 2024
-
|
· A detailed history and comprehensive physical examination remain the cornerstones for establishing a diagnosis of global developmental delay/intellectual disability (GDD/ID).
· Comprehensive surveillance and screening programs play a significant role in the early detection of GDD.
· Whole-exome sequencing is highly recommended as first- or second-line testing for individuals with idiopathic GDD/ID.
· Early intervention by a well-versed multidisciplinary team can significantly improve the outcomes and prognosis of GDD/ID. |
-
-
- Infection
- Community-acquired pneumonia in children: updated perspectives on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment
(27,007 times)
-
Ki Wook Yun
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):80-89. Published online June 14, 2023
-
|
· Most commonly confirmed causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children are Mycoplasma pneumoniae (8%–40%) and respiratory syncytial virus (15%–20%).
· Pyogenic bacteria, most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae (40%–50%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (10%–25%), are detected in 2%–5% of children hospitalized with CAP.
· CAP should be diagnosed conservatively according to clinical and radiological criteria.
· The etiology should be identified via appropriate test result interpretation. |
-
-
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Demographic transition in South Korea: implications of falling birth rates
(26,939 times)
-
Chae Young Kim, Sung-Hoon Chung
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):498-509. Published online June 27, 2024
-
|
· Since 1960, South Korea's TFR decreased from 6.33 to 0.78 in 2022, below the 2.1 replacement level since 1983, with women's average age at first marriage rising to 31.3 in 2022.
· Policies needed: financial incentives, longer parental leave, better childcare.
· The U.S. (15.3% immigrants) and Germany (18.8%) use immigration to maintain demographic stability, a strategy South Korea is considering. |
-
-
- Allergy
- Action-plan and as-needed therapy in allergic rhinitis
(24,899 times)
-
Hyeon-Jong Yang
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(6):267-273. Published online May 21, 2024
-
|
· The guidelines may not work in the real world.
· An action-plan reflecting patient’s severity and variable of symptoms, values and preferences as well as the benefits and harms of treatment, may be a useful alternative.
· The action plan and as-needed therapy must include the following elements: when, what, how, and why.
· Action plan and as-needed therapy can help patients manage their symptoms more effectively. |
-
-
- Original Article
- General Pediatrics
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dengue vaccine: a baseline study of community members and health providers in Indonesia
(23,406 times)
-
Abdul Wahab, Ida Safitri Laksanawati, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Asal Wahyuni Erlin Mulyadi, Wahyu Triadmajani, Jarir At Thobari
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(3):228-237. Published online November 13, 2024
-
|
Question: Do community members and health providers show different level of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards dengue vaccine?
Finding: These 2 groups only differed in practice component, while the knowledge and attitude constituents were relatively low for both.
Meaning: There is an urgent need to deliver educational interventions to raise awareness of community members and health providers regarding dengue vaccination. |
-
-
- Liposomal SunActive versus conventional iron for treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in children aged 2–12 years: a prospective randomized controlled trial
(21,897 times)
-
Wael A. Bahbah, Yasmin A.H.S. Younis, Hanan Salama Elbelouny, Asmaa A. Mahmoud
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):608-615. Published online July 18, 2025
-
|
Background: Liposomal iron, a novel oral formulation of ferric pyrophosphate that demonstrates improved gastrointestinal absorption and bioavailability with fewer side effects than conventional iron, represents a significant advancement in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA).
Purpose: To conduct an in-depth comparative study of liposomal SunActive and conventional iron supplements (iron polymaltose complex) for treating IDA in children aged 2–12 years
Methods: This... |
-
-
- Developmental and Behavioral Medicine
- Characteristics of temper tantrums in 1–6-year-old children and impact on caregivers
(20,696 times)
-
Warangkana Prutipaisan, Issarapa Chunsuwan, Tippawan Hansakunachai, Paskorn Sritipsukho
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):170-177. Published online November 13, 2024
-
|
Question: What are common tantrum behaviors in preschool children, and how frequently are problematic behaviors observed? Do problematic tantrums have a different emotional impact on caregivers compared to typical tantrums?
Finding: Temper tantrums are common in preschool children, and verbal tantrums are the most common type.
Meaning: Problematic tantrums, defined as tantrums exhibiting aggressive physical behavior, long duration (>15 minutes), or frequent occurrence (>3 days/wk), significantly affected caregivers’ emotions. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Other
- Acetaminophen causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and children: no valid rationale for controversy
(19,806 times)
-
Lisa Zhao, John P. Jones, Lauren G. Anderson, Zacharoula Konsoula, Cynthia D. Nevison, Kathryn J. Reissner, William Parker
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):126-139. Published online June 14, 2023
-
|
Despite worldwide acceptance of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in pediatric medicine, careful examination reveals no valid objections to the conclusion that early exposure to acetaminophen causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and children. Nevertheless, debate that early exposure to acetaminophen causes neurodevelopmental injury has centered around the prenatal period, evidence of which is relatively limited compared to that in the postnatal period, which is the time of greatest absolute and relative risk. |
-
-
- Allergy
- Global burden of asthma among children and adolescents with projections to 2050: a comprehensive review and forecasted modeling study
(19,403 times)
-
Tae Hyeon Kim, Hyunjee Kim, Jiyeon Oh, Soeun Kim, Michael Miligkos, Dong Keon Yon, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(5):329-343. Published online April 22, 2025
-
|
Pediatric asthma can persist to adulthood and must be effectively managed. This review examined the prevalence of asthma among individuals younger than 20 years and revealed a decline from 1990 to 2021, higher rates in males, and a peak in children aged 5–9 years. Despite a projected continued decrease in prevalence by 2050, asthma will remain a significant health concern for children and adolescents. |
-
-
- Comparison and review of international guidelines for treating asthma in children
(17,990 times)
-
Eui Jeong Roh
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):447-455. Published online August 20, 2024
-
|
Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children. Although asthma in children may spontaneously improve, it continues into adulthood in many cases. Therefore, appropriate disease management and medication are essential. Consistent and objective guidelines are needed to manage pediatric asthma and related adverse reactions. |
-
-
- Other
- Microplastic and human health with focus on pediatric well-being: a comprehensive review and call for future studies
(17,900 times)
-
Rogers Wainkwa Chia, Ntegang Venant Atem, Jin-Yong Lee, Jihye Cha
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):1-15. Published online November 6, 2024
-
|
· Milk and formula are common sources of microplastic in infants.
· Water and air are the most common sources of microplastic pollution from infancy to adolescence.
· Microplastic use by children of all ages can cause cell damage and affect their health.
· Microplastics present in children can be quantified using a stereomicroscope and characterized using micro- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. |
-
-
- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(17,303 times)
-
Asha P. Shetty, Kurvatteppa Halemani, Alwin Issac, Latha Thimmappa, Sanjay Dhiraaj, Radha K, Prabhaker Mishra, Vijai Datta Upadhyaya
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):104-115. Published online November 14, 2023
-
|
Question: What emotions do parents experience when their newborns are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)?
Finding: Mothers experienced more anxiety (51%), depression (31%), and stress (41%) symptoms than fathers (26%, 12%, and 22%, respectively).
Meaning: Parents often experience anxiety, stress, and depression following NICU admission. Healthcare workers are responsible for providing regular parental counseling. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Hematology
- Iron deficiency in children with a focus on inflammatory conditions
(16,953 times)
-
Na Hee Lee
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(6):283-293. Published online May 21, 2024
-
|
· Iron deficiency has important effects on neurodevelopment and the immune system in children.
· Hepcidine plays an important role in iron homeostasis.
· Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency in chronic inflammatory disease are important for patients' quality of life and disease course. |
-
-
- Neurology
- Effectiveness of Helmet therapy for infants with moderate to severe positional plagiocephaly
(15,369 times)
-
Jeongho Kim, Jina Kim, Kyu Young Chae
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):46-53. Published online December 5, 2023
-
|
Question: Is helmet therapy effective for positional plagiocephaly? What factors influence helmet therapy efficacy for positional plagiocephaly?
Finding: Helmet therapy is effective for infants with moderate to severe positional plagiocephaly, and its effectiveness is influenced by age at treatment initiation, severity of head asymmetry, and daily duration of helmet wear.
Meaning: Pediatricians should initiate helmet therapy for positional plagiocephaly sooner, ideally before 9 months of age, to maximize treatment efficacy. |
-
-
- Review Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Need for national guidance regarding proactive care of infants born at 22–23 weeks' gestation
(14,568 times)
-
Ga Won Jeon
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):53-61. Published online November 13, 2024
-
|
With advancements in neonatal intensive care, the limit of viability has shifted to 22–23 weeks' gestation, whose survival rates vary across countries and institutions. These rates are not static and can be improved through the proactive and centralized care guided by national protocols, including maternal transfer to high-activity regions with better neonatal intensive care practices before delivery. |
-
-
- Gastroenterology
- Anxiety disorders presenting as gastrointestinal symptoms in children – a scoping review
(13,765 times)
-
Anjali Kumar, Pramodh Vallabhaneni
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(5):344-351. Published online January 13, 2025
-
|
A positive bidirectional relationship between gastrointestinal disorders and anxiety, but with no clear aetiology, was identified. Factors such as somatisation and pain catastrophising resulted in poorer pain-related outcomes in children. Further studies are required to understand this relationship in order to have targeted treatments and ensure better long term outcomes. |
-
-
- Endocrinology
- Association between pre- and postnatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and birth and
neurodevelopmental outcomes: an extensive review
(13,239 times)
-
Ozge Yesildemir, Mensure Nur Celik
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(7):328-346. Published online November 16, 2023
-
|
· Sensitivity to endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure increases during critical developmental periods (in embryos, fetuses, and neonates).
· Pre- and postnatal exposure to EDCs is associated with fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and low birth weight.
· Exposure to EDCs during fetal and early postnatal life can have lasting and lifelong neurodevelopmental outcomes, including autism spectrum, attention deficit hyperactivity, and other cognitive and behavioral disorders. |
-
-
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Neonatal family-centered care: evidence and practice models
(12,142 times)
-
Juyoung Lee
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(4):171-177. Published online June 14, 2023
-
|
· Concrete evidence exists of early parent-infant attachment supported by family-centered care (FCC) in the neonatal intensive care unit.
· FCC involves the parents’ presence and participation in the infant’s care and decision-making.
· A private and comfortable space should be provided. A single-family room is ideal; however, a quiet space with a recliner can be a good alternative.
· Care culture changes and staff training are required. |
-
-
- Developmental and Behavioral Medicine
- Screen time among preschoolers: exploring individual, familial, and environmental factors
(11,665 times)
-
Sangha Lee, Donghee Kim, Yunmi Shin
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):641-650. Published online September 12, 2024
-
|
|
This systematic review examined the correlation between screen time and various factors in preschoolers. Findings suggest that media parenting, including setting appropriate media limits, is crucial in protecting against excessive screen exposure. However, limited research has been done on the impact of family and personal factors, particularly with the increasing use of portable devices among young children. |
-
-
- Other
- Artificial intelligence in pediatric healthcare: current applications, potential, and implementation considerations
(11,367 times)
-
Taejin Park, In-Hee Lee, Seung Wook Lee, Sek Won Kong
-
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):641-651. Published online June 25, 2025
-
|
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential benefits in pediatric care, but its real-world adoption requires clinician literacy, ethical and legal safeguards, and cautious implementation. Large language models are emerging across healthcare, but their use in pediatric clinical practice remains premature. Thus, the cautious and accountable implementation of AI is crucial to preventing unintended harm and realizing its potential. |
-
-
