Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Other

Acetaminophen causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and children: no valid rationale for controversy (98,287 times)

Lisa Zhao, John P. Jones, Lauren G. Anderson, Zacharoula Konsoula, Cynthia D. Nevison, Kathryn J. Reissner, William Parker

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):126-139. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 4 Crossref 4

Despite worldwide acceptance of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in pediatric medicine, careful examination reveals no valid objections to the conclusion that early exposure to acetaminophen causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and children. Nevertheless, debate that early exposure to acetaminophen causes neurodevelopmental injury has centered around the prenatal period, evidence of which is relatively limited compared to that in the postnatal period, which is the time of greatest absolute and relative risk.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01319

Original Article

Basic Research

Linezolid mitigates tissue injury in experimental model of pediatric testicular torsion: TLR-4/MAPK/NF-κB involvement (72,878 times)

Moein Ghasemi, Abolfazl Basiri, Houman Kazemzadeh, Mohammad Amin Manavi, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Ahmad Reza Dehpour, Hamed Shafaroodi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):700-711. Published online August 26, 2025

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: What pharmacological strategies can limit ischemia-reperfusion injury in pediatric patients with testicular torsion?
Finding: In a rat model of testicular torsion, linezolid reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue injury via the Toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa beta pathway.
Meaning: Linezolid may offer a pharmacological approach to attenuate testicular damage in pediatric patients with testicular torsion, warranting further clinical investigation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00080

Other

Impact of thyroid hormones and serum endothelin levels on pediatric asthma control: a case-control study of an Indian population (66,931 times)

Murugaiyan Sathishbabu, Sathiya Ramasamy, Niranjjan Ramachandran, Soundararajan Palanisamy, Arulvijayavani Subramaniam

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):831-837. Published online September 22, 2025

Question: What are the roles of thyroid hormones and endothelin in South Indian children with asthma?
Finding: Thyroid hormone and endothelin levels were significantly elevated in South Indian children with asthma; poorly controlled cases exhibited the highest levels. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone and endothelin levels were correlated with asthma severity.
Meaning: Serum endothelin is a potential surrogate marker for asthma severity that could aid the assessment and management of childhood asthma.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00143

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with intermittent sigh breaths on carbon dioxide levels in neonates (56,055 times)

Kulthida Baingam, Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Manapat Praditaukrit, Gunlawadee Maneenil, Supaporn Dissaneevate

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):178-184. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: Can sigh breaths (Sighs) application during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) decrease partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) levels?
Finding: The mean PaCO₂ level after Sighs during HFOV was significantly decreased compared to that after HFOV alone (mean difference, -3.6 mmHg).
Meaning: HFOV plus Sighs functionality can reduce PaCO₂ levels. However, further studies are required to conclusively determine the effects of Sighs.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01011

Review Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Clinical practice guidelines for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: recent updates (46,853 times)

Tae Hoon Eom, Young-Hoon Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):26-34. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 13 Crossref 14

· Primary pediatricians should play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
· The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, has lowered the diagnostic threshold for older teens and adults and a comorbid diagnosis with autism is now allowed.
· The American Academy of Pediatrics had added recommendation-related comorbid conditions in its guideline and the Society of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics recently developed a complex ADHD guideline.
· The European ADHD Guideline Group recently developed a guideline for managing ADHD during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01466

Original Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis (42,040 times)

Asha P. Shetty, Kurvatteppa Halemani, Alwin Issac, Latha Thimmappa, Sanjay Dhiraaj, Radha K, Prabhaker Mishra, Vijai Datta Upadhyaya

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):104-115. Published online November 14, 2023

Web of Science 21 Crossref 32

Question: What emotions do parents experience when their newborns are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)?
Finding: Mothers experienced more anxiety (51%), depression (31%), and stress (41%) symptoms than fathers (26%, 12%, and 22%, respectively).
Meaning: Parents often experience anxiety, stress, and depression following NICU admission. Healthcare workers are responsible for providing regular parental counseling.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00486

Review Article

Infection

Recommendation for use of a long-acting monoclonal antibody to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and young children (41,052 times)

Soo-Han Choi, Dong Hyun Kim, Jong Gyun Ahn, Ki Wook Yun, Byung-Wook Eun, Jin Lee, Jina Lee, Taek-Jin Lee, Hyunju Lee, Dae Sun Jo, Eun Young Cho, Hye-Kyung Cho, Young June Choe, Ui Yoon Choi, Yun-Kyung Kim; The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):742-750. Published online September 3, 2025

To prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract infections, a single dose of nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, is recommended for all neonates born during the RSV season (October to March) and all infants younger than 6 months old at the start of the RSV season. Nirsevimab should be administered shortly after birth to neonates and just before or early in the season to infants entering their first RSV season.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01067

Endocrinology

Growth plate closure and therapeutic interventions (37,331 times)

Ja Hyang Cho, Hae Woon Jung, Kye Shik Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):553-559. Published online October 28, 2024

Web of Science 3 Crossref 2

Height gains result from longitudinal bone growth. Upon adequate growth, growth plate closure limits longitudinal bone growth. To date, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, aromatase inhibitors, C-type natriuretic peptide analogs, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 inhibitors have been studied or used as therapeutic interventions to delay growth plate closure and increase human height. The development of more effective therapeutic modalities for short stature, precocious puberty, and skeletal dysplasia is anticipated.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00346

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Demographic transition in South Korea: implications of falling birth rates (32,678 times)

Chae Young Kim, Sung-Hoon Chung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):498-509. Published online June 27, 2024

Web of Science 9 Crossref 7

· Since 1960, South Korea's TFR decreased from 6.33 to 0.78 in 2022, below the 2.1 replacement level since 1983, with women's average age at first marriage rising to 31.3 in 2022.
· Policies needed: financial incentives, longer parental leave, better childcare.
· The U.S. (15.3% immigrants) and Germany (18.8%) use immigration to maintain demographic stability, a strategy South Korea is considering.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01599

Other

Myopia: a review of current concepts, association with nonophthalmological conditions, and treatment strategy in children and adolescents (32,441 times)

Yeon Woong Chung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):554-565. Published online April 1, 2025

Crossref 2

Myopia is a major ophthalmological disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide, particularly in East Asia. Evidence indicates that its development involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Body stature, sleep patterns, and nutritional status significantly influence the progression of myopia during childhood and adolescence. Its treatment and prevention strategies include optical correction, atropine therapy, increased outdoor activity, decreased near work, and regular retinal monitoring.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00115

Original Article

Other

Role of neutrophil elastase in predicting infection among children with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (30,179 times)

Mahmoud A. El-Hawy, Doaa M. Elian, Mai El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid, Esraa T. Allam, Mariam S. Kandeel, Asmaa A. Mahmoud

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):801-807. Published online June 10, 2025

Question: Can neutrophil elastase (NE) levels predict infection— the primary cause of mortality—among children with hematological malignancies and febrile neutropenia (FN)?
Finding: Elevated levels of NE were found in children with chemotherapy-induced FN and a bacterial infection.
Meaning: Increased NE levels and prolonged FN are important factors associated with mortality risk.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00318

General Pediatrics

Effectiveness of Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen (KINDL) and Children’s Somatic Symptom Inventory-24 (CSSI-24) for measuring postacute sequelae of COVID-19 in children: a diagnostic validation study (29,249 times)

Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu, Pei-Chi Chen, Xiao-Ling Liu, Shu-Tsen Liu, Chi-Hung Wei, Yu-Lung Hsu, Kai-Sheng Hsieh, Huan-Cheng Lai, Chien-Heng Lin, Chieh-Ho Chen, An-Chyi Chen, I-Ching Chou, Wen-Jue Soong, Hui-Ju Tsai, Chung-Ying Lin, Jiu-Yao Wang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):944-951. Published online September 12, 2025

Question: Although children with postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (PASC) may experience persistent symptoms that affect their quality of life (QoL), a screening tool for identifying high-risk children is lacking.
Finding: Kinder Lebensqualität fragebogen (KINDL) and Children's Somatic Symptom Inventory-24 (CSSI-24) were significantly correlated. An optimal KINDL cutoff score (74.75) detected those at high risk of a reduced QoL.
Meaning: Integrating KINDL and CSSI-24 into routine pediatric outpatient care may enable timely identification and interventions for children at risk of PASC-related impairments.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00983

Liposomal SunActive versus conventional iron for treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in children aged 2–12 years: a prospective randomized controlled trial (28,974 times)

Wael A. Bahbah, Yasmin A.H.S. Younis, Hanan Salama Elbelouny, Asmaa A. Mahmoud

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):608-615. Published online July 18, 2025

Crossref 1

Background: Liposomal iron, a novel oral formulation of ferric pyrophosphate that demonstrates improved gastrointestinal absorption and bioavailability with fewer side effects than conventional iron, represents a significant advancement in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA).
Purpose: To conduct an in-depth comparative study of liposomal SunActive and conventional iron supplements (iron polymaltose complex) for treating IDA in children aged 2–12 years Methods: This...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00262

Review Article

Infection

Community-acquired pneumonia in children: updated perspectives on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment (27,784 times)

Ki Wook Yun

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):80-89. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 17 Crossref 25

· Most commonly confirmed causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children are Mycoplasma pneumoniae (8%–40%) and respiratory syncytial virus (15%–20%).
· Pyogenic bacteria, most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae (40%–50%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (10%–25%), are detected in 2%–5% of children hospitalized with CAP.
· CAP should be diagnosed conservatively according to clinical and radiological criteria.
· The etiology should be identified via appropriate test result interpretation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01452

Original Article

Hematology

Assessment of natural killer cell subpopulations in pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major (27,677 times)

Fathia Ibrahim Elbassal, Mohamed Abdel Rehim Soliman, Nourhan Hossam Eldin Mohamed, Mai El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid, Hanan Hassan El-Sheity

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):981-990. Published online September 12, 2025

Question: How does iron overload affect immunity in pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major?
Finding: Iron overload in these patients is associated with disrupted natural killer (NK) cell subpopulations, reflecting impaired innate immunity.
Meaning: This highlights the need to monitor immune profile alongside iron status during thalassemia management.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01046

Review Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Comprehensive evaluation of the child with global developmental delays or intellectual disability (26,498 times)

Abdullah Nasser Aldosari, T. Saeed Aldosari

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):435-446. Published online May 29, 2024

Web of Science 5 Crossref 6

· A detailed history and comprehensive physical examination remain the cornerstones for establishing a diagnosis of global developmental delay/intellectual disability (GDD/ID).
· Comprehensive surveillance and screening programs play a significant role in the early detection of GDD.
· Whole-exome sequencing is highly recommended as first- or second-line testing for individuals with idiopathic GDD/ID.
· Early intervention by a well-versed multidisciplinary team can significantly improve the outcomes and prognosis of GDD/ID.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01697

Original Article

Critical Care Medicine

Cytokine profile of Post–cardiopulmonary bypass in children (26,225 times)

Kantara Saelim, Kanokpan Ruangnapa, Jirayut Jarutach, Pongsanae Duangpakdee, Smonrapat Surasombatpattana, Pharsai prasertsan

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):1015-1022. Published online September 19, 2025

Question: Can cytokine levels predict low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in children post–cardiopulmonary bypass?
Finding: Elevated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were associated with LCOS, with an increase in IL-8 of >56 pg/mL from baseline to immediately postoperative being the strongest predictor.
Meaning: Monitoring immediately postoperative IL-8 levels may help identify pediatric patients at risk of LCOS, enabling timely interventions to improve outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00836

Review Article

Allergy

Action-plan and as-needed therapy in allergic rhinitis (25,443 times)

Hyeon-Jong Yang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(6):267-273. Published online May 21, 2024

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

· The guidelines may not work in the real world.
· An action-plan reflecting patient’s severity and variable of symptoms, values and preferences as well as the benefits and harms of treatment, may be a useful alternative.
· The action plan and as-needed therapy must include the following elements: when, what, how, and why.
· Action plan and as-needed therapy can help patients manage their symptoms more effectively.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00654

Original Article

Nutrition

Effect of probiotics plus zinc supplementation on clinical outcomes of infants and children with acute infectious diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial (24,287 times)

Deldar Morad Abdulah, Saad Jbraeil Sulaiman, Zaid Waad Ahmed

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(4):203-212. Published online February 19, 2024

Web of Science 4 Crossref 7

Question: Does zinc supplementation along with probiotics affect disease severity or clinical outcomes of children with acute diarrhea?
Findings: This study indicated that zinc supplementation and probiotics had no effect on clinical improvement or disease severity among pediatric patients with acute diarrhea.
Meaning: Children who received probiotics plus zinc recovered faster than those who received probiotics only.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01340

Review Article

Allergy

Global burden of asthma among children and adolescents with projections to 2050: a comprehensive review and forecasted modeling study (23,414 times)

Tae Hyeon Kim, Hyunjee Kim, Jiyeon Oh, Soeun Kim, Michael Miligkos, Dong Keon Yon, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(5):329-343. Published online April 22, 2025

Web of Science 6 Crossref 10

Pediatric asthma can persist to adulthood and must be effectively managed. This review examined the prevalence of asthma among individuals younger than 20 years and revealed a decline from 1990 to 2021, higher rates in males, and a peak in children aged 5–9 years. Despite a projected continued decrease in prevalence by 2050, asthma will remain a significant health concern for children and adolescents.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00423

Original Article

Pulmonology

Effect of vitamin C supplement in treatment of childhood pneumonia requiring hospitalization: a randomized controlled trial (21,429 times)

Chutima Phuaksaman, Katechan Jampachaisri, Klaita Srisingh

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):690-699. Published online April 1, 2025

This study assessed the effects of vitamin C on children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Vitamin C supplementation improved clinical symptoms within 48–72 hours compared to placebo but did not reduce the length of hospital stay (LOS). These findings suggest that vitamin C is beneficial for managing CAP severity, but does not affect LOS.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.01970

Review Article

Allergy

Comparison and review of international guidelines for treating asthma in children (21,414 times)

Eui Jeong Roh

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):447-455. Published online August 20, 2024

Web of Science 5 Crossref 5

Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children. Although asthma in children may spontaneously improve, it continues into adulthood in many cases. Therefore, appropriate disease management and medication are essential. Consistent and objective guidelines are needed to manage pediatric asthma and related adverse reactions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01466

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Screen time among preschoolers: exploring individual, familial, and environmental factors (20,591 times)

Sangha Lee, Donghee Kim, Yunmi Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):641-650. Published online September 12, 2024

Web of Science 5 Crossref 7

This systematic review examined the correlation between screen time and various factors in preschoolers. Findings suggest that media parenting, including setting appropriate media limits, is crucial in protecting against excessive screen exposure. However, limited research has been done on the impact of family and personal factors, particularly with the increasing use of portable devices among young children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01746

Other

Microplastic and human health with focus on pediatric well-being: a comprehensive review and call for future studies (20,207 times)

Rogers Wainkwa Chia, Ntegang Venant Atem, Jin-Yong Lee, Jihye Cha

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):1-15. Published online November 6, 2024

Web of Science 19 Crossref 20

· Milk and formula are common sources of microplastic in infants.
· Water and air are the most common sources of microplastic pollution from infancy to adolescence.
· Microplastic use by children of all ages can cause cell damage and affect their health.
· Microplastics present in children can be quantified using a stereomicroscope and characterized using micro- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01739

Artificial intelligence in pediatric healthcare: current applications, potential, and implementation considerations (19,262 times)

Taejin Park, In-Hee Lee, Seung Wook Lee, Sek Won Kong

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):641-651. Published online June 25, 2025

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential benefits in pediatric care, but its real-world adoption requires clinician literacy, ethical and legal safeguards, and cautious implementation. Large language models are emerging across healthcare, but their use in pediatric clinical practice remains premature. Thus, the cautious and accountable implementation of AI is crucial to preventing unintended harm and realizing its potential.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00962

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Characteristics of temper tantrums in 1–6-year-old children and impact on caregivers (18,784 times)

Warangkana Prutipaisan, Issarapa Chunsuwan, Tippawan Hansakunachai, Paskorn Sritipsukho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):170-177. Published online November 13, 2024

Crossref 1

Question: What are common tantrum behaviors in preschool children, and how frequently are problematic behaviors observed? Do problematic tantrums have a different emotional impact on caregivers compared to typical tantrums?
Finding: Temper tantrums are common in preschool children, and verbal tantrums are the most common type.
Meaning: Problematic tantrums, defined as tantrums exhibiting aggressive physical behavior, long duration (>15 minutes), or frequent occurrence (>3 days/wk), significantly affected caregivers’ emotions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00766

Review Article

General Pediatrics

Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Malaysia: a systematic review and meta-analysis (16,749 times)

Ker Yang Chua, Ker Yung Chua, Karuthan Chinna, Chooi Ling Lim, Maheeka Seneviwickrama

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):115-126. Published online November 13, 2024

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

The incidence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide. National surveys in Malaysia have shown similar trends. This review aimed to increase our understanding of the prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight, obesity, and excess weight in Malaysia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of studies reporting the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Malaysian children aged <18 years....

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00899

Original Article

Neurology

Effectiveness of Helmet therapy for infants with moderate to severe positional plagiocephaly (16,572 times)

Jeongho Kim, Jina Kim, Kyu Young Chae

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):46-53. Published online December 5, 2023

Web of Science 8 Crossref 9

Question: Is helmet therapy effective for positional plagiocephaly? What factors influence helmet therapy efficacy for positional plagiocephaly?
Finding: Helmet therapy is effective for infants with moderate to severe positional plagiocephaly, and its effectiveness is influenced by age at treatment initiation, severity of head asymmetry, and daily duration of helmet wear.
Meaning: Pediatricians should initiate helmet therapy for positional plagiocephaly sooner, ideally before 9 months of age, to maximize treatment efficacy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00626

Review Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Need for national guidance regarding proactive care of infants born at 22–23 weeks' gestation (16,534 times)

Ga Won Jeon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):53-61. Published online November 13, 2024

Crossref 1

With advancements in neonatal intensive care, the limit of viability has shifted to 22–23 weeks' gestation, whose survival rates vary across countries and institutions. These rates are not static and can be improved through the proactive and centralized care guided by national protocols, including maternal transfer to high-activity regions with better neonatal intensive care practices before delivery.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01277

Pulmonology

Evidence-based management guidelines for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents (14,253 times)

Eun Lee, Kyunghoon Kim, You Hoon Jeon, In Suk Sol, Jong Deok Kim, Taek Ki Min, Yoon Ha Hwang, Hyun-Ju Cho, Dong In Suh, Hwan Soo Kim, Yoon Hee Kim, Sung-Il Woo, Yong Ju Lee, Sungsu Jung, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Gwang Cheon Jang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):418-426. Published online January 23, 2024

Web of Science 1

· We suggest offering long-term macrolides to children with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis with frequent exacerbations (conditional recommendation, moderate quality of evidence).
· We do not recommend the routine use of mucolytic agents, inhaled corticosteroids, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent exacerbation of bronchiectasis in children (inconclusive, very low quality of evidence).
· We recommend the use of nebulized hypertonic saline to prevent exacerbations and improve the lung function of children with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (weak recommendation, moderate quality of evidence).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00871

Cited By 32	Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Cited By 25	Community-acquired pneumonia in children: updated perspectives on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Cited By 20	Microplastic and human health with focus on pediatric well-being: a comprehensive review and call for future studies
Cited By 19	Development of orphan drugs for rare diseases
Cited By 17	Metabolic complications of obesity in children and adolescents

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