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Letters to the Editor
Adolescent hypertension and carotid intima-media thickness: Significance of submillimetric differences
Christian Saleh
Review Article
Lifelong impact of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood
Junhyun Kwon, Eunji Kim
Running Title: Elevated blood pressure in childhood Junhyun Kwon, PhD1; Eunji Kim, MD, PhD1,2 1Department of Preventive medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea; 2Artificial Intelligence and Big-Data Convergence Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea Corresponding Author: Eunji Kim, MD, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, 38-13 Dokjeom-ro 3-beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565,...
Original Article
C3 glomerulopathy in children: experience at a resource-limited center
Soumya Reddy, Abhishek Ghante, Mahesha Vankalakunti, Anil Vasudevan
Background: In children, C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by diverse clinicopathological profiles and kidney outcomes. However, diagnostic work-up in resource-limited settings is challenging because of the unavailability of complement assays and limited access to electron microscopy or genetic testing.
Purpose: This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological features and response to immunosuppression and evaluate renal outcomes among...
Review Article
Cerebral organoid research for pediatric patients with neurological disorders
Jin Eun, Jung-Eun Lee, Seung-Ho Yang
Cerebral organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells offer a groundbreaking foundation for the analysis of pediatric neurological diseases. Unlike organoids from other somatic systems, cerebral organoids present unique challenges, such as the high sensitivity of neuronal cells to environmental conditions and the complexity of replicating brain-specific architectures. Cerebral organoids replicate the human brain development and pathology, enabling research...
Original Article
Long-term follow-up of neurocognitive function in patients with citrin deficiency and cholestasis
Meng-Ju Melody Tsai, Jung-Chi Chang, Heng-Yu Lu, Susan Shur-Fen Gau, Yin-Hsiu Chien, Wuh-Liang Hwu, Yen-Hsuan Ni, Huey-Ling Chen, Ni-Chung Lee
Background: Citrin deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder prevalent in East and Southeast Asia that affects liver or neurological function throughout various life stages. While early diagnosis and dietary management can improve prognosis for infant onset disease, data on long-term neurocognitive outcomes is scarce.
Purpose: This study aimed to clarify whether transient metabolic disturbances during early childhood have a lasting effect...
Editorial
Advancements and challenges in neonatal resuscitation: embracing laryngeal mask airways for improved outcomes
Jang Hoon Lee
Review Article
Hidden link between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pediatric obesity
Min Won Shin, Shin-Hye Kim
The increasing prevalence of pediatric obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern. Among various contributing factors, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has gained recognition for its potential role. EDCs, including bisphenols, phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organochlorines, disrupt hormonal regulation and metabolic processes, contributing to alterations in fat storage, appetite regulation, and insulin sensitivity....
Editorial
Further research on impact of microplastics on children's health is essential to protecting future generations
Jongin Lee, Dong-Wook Lee
Global breastfeeding efforts: a long way to go
Hye-Jung Shin
Review Article
Need for national guidance regarding proactive care of infants born at 22–23 weeks' gestation
Ga Won Jeon
With recent rapid improvements in neonatal intensive care, the limit of viability has shifted downward to 22–23 weeks' gestation. The younger the gestational age of preterm infants, the higher the risk of survival despite severe neurodevelopmental impairments. For infants born at 22–23 weeks' gestation, the limit of viability, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and survival rates may be determined by the quality of...
Original Article
Occurrence of stroke in children and young adults in Indonesia: a multicenter private hospital study
Jeanne Leman, Veli Sungono, Yosua Timotius Haryono, Muhammad Adam Mudzakir, Dewi Lestari Rahmawati, Callistus Bruce Henfry Sulay, Gilbert Sterling Octavius
Background: Most studies that estimate the occurrence of childhood stroke use heterogeneous methods and rely on International Classification of Diseases codes, a strategy that may be unreliable.
Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of childhood stroke in Indonesia using imaging and clinical data from a private hospital network. Methods: This cross-sectional study used consecutive retrospective multi-center data samples...
Review Article
Practical concepts and strategies for early diagnosis and management of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders in East-Asian children
Byung-Ho Choe
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are emerging as significant concerns in the Korean pediatric population and transitioning from rare to more commonly diagnosed conditions. This review discusses the increasing prevalence of EGID among children and adolescents and highlights the complexities involved in its diagnosis and management. This review begins with a thorough examination of the diverse clinical presentations of EGIDs in...
Original Article
Outcome of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Asian Children: A Multinational One-year Follow-up Study
Pornthep Tanpowpong, Suporn Treepongkaruna, James Huang, Kee Seang Chew, Karen Mercado, Almida Reodica, Shaman Rajindrajith, Wathsala Hathagoda, Yoko Wong, Way Seah Lee, Marion Aw
Background: Epidemiological data on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) have been reported in Asian countries. However, short-term follow-up data, especially in Southeast Asian countries, are limited.
Purpose: Analyze and compare the baseline and 1-year follow-up (1FU) data for PIBD in Asian children. Methods: The multinational network included patients with PIBD (aged <19 years) in five Asian countries (Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,...
Prednisolone impairs trabecular bone score changes in adolescents with 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Pattara Wiromrat, Yutapong Raruenrom, Phanpaphorn Namphaisan, Nantaporn Wongsurawat, Ouyporn Panamonta, Chatlert Pongchaiyakul
Background: Individuals with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) require lifelong glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, which increases their risk of fragility fractures. However, fractures in GC-treated individuals can occur at normal bone mineral density (BMD) levels, suggesting an alteration in the bone microarchitecture.
Purpose: To evaluate trabecular bone microarchitecture and its changes in adolescents with 21OHD. Methods: We enrolled 38 adolescents with 21OHD for whom...
Impact of obesity on pulmonary function of preschool children: an impulse oscillometry study
Anuvat Klubdaeng, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Apinya Palamit, Pawinee Charoensittisup, Khunphon Mahoran
Background: The increasing global prevalence of obesity poses significant public health problems, as obesity exerts adverse effects on many systems and lung function. However, research on the lung function of preschool children with obesity is limited and inconclusive. In addition, studies specific to obesity indices that influence lung function in young children with obesity are limited.
Purpose: This study aimed...
Effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with intermittent sigh breaths on carbon dioxide levels in neonates
Kulthida Baingam, Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Manapat Praditaukrit, Gunlawadee Maneenil, Supaporn Dissaneevate
Background: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) minimizes ventilator-induced lung injuries. Spontaneous sigh breathing may augment the functional residual capacity, increase lung compliance, and recruit atelectatic alveoli.
Purpose: To evaluate the difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in neonates receiving invasive HFOV as the primary mode of respiratory support before versus after sigh breaths (Sighs). Methods: This prospective study was conducted...
Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dengue vaccine: a baseline study of community members and health providers in Indonesia
Abdul Wahab, Ida Safitri Laksanawati, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Asal Wahyuni Erlin Mulyadi, Wahyu Triadmajani, Jarir At Thobari
Background: Despite recent behavioral interventions aimed at reducing the burden of dengue, persistent unfavorable related behaviors in the Indonesian community suggest that vaccination could be effective. However, before this is implemented nationally, public perception and acceptance of the vaccine should be assessed in addition to health providers’ points of view.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and...
Review Article
Value of transabdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing functional constipation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Duc Long Tran, Phu Nguyen Trong Tran, Paweena Susantitaphong, Phichayut Phinyo, Palittiya Sintusek
Transabdominal ultrasonography is increasingly used as a novel modality for detecting pediatric functional constipation (FC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic parameters of FC including rectal diameter (RD) and anterior rectal wall thickness. A systematic search was conducted of the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and PubMed databases through September 29, 2023, to identify studies comparing RD...
Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Malaysia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ker Yang Chua, Ker Yung Chua, Karuthan Chinna, Chooi Ling Lim, Maheeka Seneviwickrama
The incidence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide. National surveys in Malaysia have shown similar trends. This review aimed to increase our understanding of the prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight, obesity, and excess weight in Malaysia. A systemat-ic review and meta-analysis were conducted of studies reporting the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Malaysian children aged < 18...
Original Article
Characteristics of temper tantrums in 1–6-year-old children and impact on caregivers
Warangkana Prutipaisan, Issarapa Chunsuwan, Tippawan Hansakunachai, Paskorn Sritipsukho
Background: Temper tantrums are common behavioral difficulties in children. Although they are generally considered a normal part of development, certain characteristics—such as aggression, prolonged duration, and frequent occurrences—have been linked to psychological issues and can negatively impact both the child and their caregivers.
Purpose: To study the prevalence and characteristics of temper tantrums in children aged 1–6 years at daycare and...
Review Article
Promising role of Voxelotor in managing sickle cell disease in children: a narrative review
Amit Agrawal, Gaurav Jadon, Japna Singh, Dalwinder Janjua
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and intermittent vaso-occlusive crises. To date, four disease-modifying drugs have been approved for the treatment of SCD: hydroxyurea (an S-phase inhibitor), L-glutamine (an amino acid), crizanlizumab (a P-selectin inhibitor), and voxelotor (a hemoglobin S polymerization inhibitor). Preclinical studies suggested that voxelotor effectively treats SCD and sickle cell anemia (SCA). In...
Editorial
Effect of metabolic syndrome on pulmonary dysfunction in children with asthma
Hyo-Bin Kim
Absolute versus functional iron deficiency
Hye Lim Jung
Original Article
Clinical characteristics and associated factors of pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy: a retrospective study
Huiling Zhang, Yilong Wang, Qianyun Ding, Xuekun Li, Sheng Ye
Background: In the clinic, pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) primarily affects children under five years of age and is characterized by severe brain damage and high mortality. However, some challenges remain regarding the diagnosis and treatment of ANE. In the present study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and related factors of ANE with the aim of providing improved diagnostic and...
Evaluation of pediatric migraine triggers: a single-center study
Hey-Joon Son, Joo-Ok Jin, Kon-Hee Lee
Background: Pediatric migraines are primarily treated with medications. However, recognizing the triggers related to patient behaviors and lifestyle is also important.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the factors that trigger pediatric migraines. Methods: This study included 102 pediatric patients with migraine diagnosed using the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders who visited our pediatric headache clinic between November...
Instability of revised Korean Developmental Screening Test classification in first year of life
Ji Eun Jeong, Yon Min Kim, Na Won Lee, Gyeong Nam Kim, Jisuk Bae, Jin Kyung Kim
Background: Early development is characterized by considerable variability.
Purpose: To investigate the stability of the revised Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) classification of the development of healthy term 4–6 and 10–12 month-old infants. Methods: This study used data from the Korean Children’s Environmental Health study, a nationwide prospective birth cohort study. Sixty-nine healthy term infants (26 boys, 43 girls) underwent...
Review Article
Global trends in importance of 24-hour movement behaviors to pediatric health: Implications for South Korea
Eun-Young Lee, Reyana Jayawardena, Seiyeong Park, Justin Y. Jeon, Yeon-Soo Kim, Mark S. Tremblay
Cultivating a 24-hour movement behavioral profile conducive to health and well-being, marked by adequate levels of physical activity, limited screen time, and sufficient sleep, has emerged as an important avenue for promoting pediatric health. We aimed to provide evidence of this potential, this multiphase, multimethod, and integrative review comprehensively investigated the global trends in health promotion initiatives and status of...
Editorial
The predetermined future: tackling South Korea’s total fertility rate crisis
Jin Kyu Kim
Original article
Efficacy of leuprolide acetate versus triptorelin pamoate administered every 3 months for treatment of central precocious puberty
Thanaporn Thaneetrakool, Suphab Aroonparkmongkol, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Vichit Supornsilchai, Suttipong Wacharasindhu, Khomsak Srilanchakon
Background: Central precocious puberty (CPP) is typically treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Although numerous GnRH agonist variants are available, limited research has compared the efficacy of leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate administered at 3-month intervals.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of CPP treatment with triptorelin pamoate and leuprolide acetate administered at 3-month intervals. Methods: This retrospective cohort...
Review article
A review of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in endocrine related disorders
Nur Faten Hafizah Rosli, Noor Shafina Mohd Nor, Rose Adzrianee Adnan, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands that produce and release hormones that regulate various physiological processes. In the past few decades, the human skin has been identified as an important peripheral endocrine organ that is the main site for the synthesis of vitamin D through exposure to sunlight. Mutations in downstream vitamin D–related gene pathways are associated...
Original Article
Polysomnographic features of children with obesity: body mass index predict severe obstructive sleep apnea in obese children?
Rungrat Sukharom, Prakarn Tovichien, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Pinyapach Tiamduangtawan, Wattanachai Chotinaiwattarakul
Background: Few studies have explored the polysomnographic features of children with obesity.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the demographic and polysomnographic features of obese children and determine whether body mass index (BMI) could predict severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited obese children who underwent diagnostic polysomnography between January 2019 and March 2022. We explored demographic and...
Review article
Microplastic and human health with focus on pediatric well-being: a comprehensive review and call for future studies
Rogers Wainkwa Chia, Venant Atem Ntegang, Jin-Yong Lee, Jihye Cha
Although humans are highly dependent on plastics from infancy to adolescence, these materials can degrade into ubiquitous microplastics (MPs) that affect individuals at every stage of life. However, information on the sources, mechanisms, detection techniques, and detrimental effects of MPs on children’s health from infancy to adolescence is limited. Hence, here we identified and reviewed original research papers published in...
Editorial
What we should know about pediatric heart failure: children are not small adults
Ja-kyoung Yoon
Original Article - Clinical trial
Short-term outcomes of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum in preterm neonates: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial
Ameneh lamsehchi, Maryam Shokouhi Solgi, Mohammad kazem Sabzehei, Behnaz Basiri, Elahe Talebi Ghane, kiana kimiayi Asadi, Sina Azadnajafabad
Background: The oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) in neonates has several benefits.
Purpose: To investigate the short-term outcomes of OAC in preterm neonates. Methods: We performed this two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial at a tertiary neonatal center in Iran in 2021–2023. The intervention and control arms received 0.2 mL of their mother’s colostrum or distilled water via oropharyngeal administration every...
Editorial
Zinc as a treatment modality for acute infectious diarrhea in children
Ji Sook Park
Original Article
Carbapenem resistance in gram-negative pathogens in an Iranian hospital: high prevalence of OXA-type carbapenemase genes
Setareh Mamishi, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Sadaf Sajedi Moghaddam, Babak Pourakbari, Shiva Poormohammadi, Maryam Sotoudeh Anvari, Shima Mahmoudi
Background: The widespread dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria poses a significant threat to global public health.
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients at the Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. Methods: During the period spanning from June 2019 to June 2020, 777...