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Review Article
MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases
Hwal Rim Jeong, Il Tae Hwang
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by silencing or degrading messenger RNAs. Many of the approximately 2,500 miRNAs discovered in humans are known to regulate vital biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and embryonic tissue development. Aberrant miRNA expression may have pathological and malignant consequences. Therefore, miRNAs have emerged as novel diagnostic markers and...
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality: Potential clinical and training applications in pediatrics
suyoung yoo, Meong Hi Son
Virtual medical training and its clinical application have gained importance following the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The advantages of novel technology, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), have allowed medical professionals to overcome the limitations of time and space with personalized programs intended for education and medical services. We aimed to provide a comprehensive review...
Spontaneous movements as a prognostic tool of neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: a narrative review
Hyun Iee Shin, Myung Woo Park, Woo Hyung Lee
An estimated 15 million infants are born each year prematurely. Although the survival rate of preterm infants has increased with advances in perinatal and neonatal care, many of them still suffer from various complications. Since improving neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm births are a crucial topic of interest, accurate evaluations should be preceded for the detection of high-risk infants for cerebral...
Letters to the Editor
Chest X-Ray Findings of Children with COVID-19: Lesson learnt from referral hospitals in Medan, North Sumatera,Indonesia
Andrew Limavady, Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu, Eka Airlangga, Ririe Fachrina Malisie
Review Article
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children
Kyungchul Song, Ho-Seong Kim, Hyun Wook Chae
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. The global prevalence of NAFLD is increasing in both adults and children. In Korea, the prevalence of pediatric NAFLD increased from 8.2% in 2009 to 12.1% in 2018 according to a national surveillance study. For early screening...
Hearing loss in neonates and infants
Goun Choe, Su-Kyoung Park, Bong Jik Kim
Hearing in neonates and infants is crucial for their development of language and communication skills. Unless hearing loss is appropriately managed early, it can cause a significant socioeconomic burden considering its detrimental impact on the child's development and its common nature. It is also the most common congenital sensory deficit, with an approximate incidence of 1.5 per 1000 newborns. Its...
Environmental changes surrounding congenital heart disease
Eun-Young Choi
As the outcomes of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) improve, the number of patients is accumulating and the proportion of adult CHD patients is gradually increasing. Accordingly, the proportion of typical adult diseases such as coronary arterial disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension among patients with CHD is increasing, as is the medical burden due to residual cardiac problems, heart...
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants
In Gyu Song
During the last several decades, the number of preterm infants has increased, and their survival rate has improved owing to advances in perinatal care. As more preterm infants survive, many studies examine their neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study aimed to summarize the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants according to gestational age at birth using a recently published meta-analysis. The prevalence of...
Treatment of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Gyuhong Shim
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection worldwide, the most common non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children, and a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders in the brain. Infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection may benefit from hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly if antiviral treatment is initiated within the first month of life. Infants with life-threatening...
K-DST: Development, Applications, and Implications for the Future Early Childhood Development Interventions
Dooyoung Kim, Young June Choe, Bilal Aurang Zeb Durrani, EunYoung Kim, Junghye Byeon, Baik-Lin Eun
A series of evidences harnessing the importance of early childhood development (ECD) has transformed the child health monitoring and screening tools. The development of Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) has expanded the applications of child health screening in a large of number of infants and children in Korea and is contributing to the early detection of...
Original Article
Seroprevalence of Maternal Peripartum HTLV-1 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Nigerian Literature
Abdulrasheed Usman, Muhammad Hamis Musa, Bukhari Shuaib, Olayemi Balogun, Mukhtar Adeiza
The peripartum period is both a highly vulnerable stage and a significant indicator of a population’s health status. Interest is increasing in Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) transmission due to its adverse health impacts. However, nationally representative data on HTLV-1 that are important for health planning are unavailable for this subpopulation. This study aimed to conduct a pooled estimate...
Review Article
Gut microbiota affects brain development and behavior
Gun-Ha Kim, Jung-Ok Shim
The gut covers a large surface area of the body and faces various external factors. The brain works in concert with commensal microbes in the gut to efficiently process the enormous amount of chemical signals that enter the gut every day. This review discusses: 1) evidence that gut bacteria can alter brain development and behavior, 2) mechanisms by which gut...
Protein substitutions as new-generation pharmanutrition approach to managing phenylketonuria
Fatma Nur Keskin, Teslime Özge Şahin, Raffaele Capasso, Duygu Ağagündüz
Phenylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder, is caused by a mutation in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene on the 12th chromosome. Defective PAH activity ultimately leads to increased phenylalanine (Phe) blood concentrations (hyperphenylalaninemia) that harm the brain. The primary purpose of PKU treatment is to maintain the blood Phe level to prevent certain undesired effects. Hence, lifelong medical...
Correspondence and reply
Importance of using the updated guidelines for screening pediatric high blood pressure
Amar Taksande
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