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Original Article
Treatment targeting pediatric inflammatory bowel disease-associated anemia: experience from a single tertiary center
Ana SC Fernandes, Sara Azevedo, Ana Rita Martins, Ana Isabel Lopes
Background: Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are common complications of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Owing to questions regarding optimal iron formulation, dosage, route of administration, and safety, these complications are frequently overlooked and undertreated, negatively impacting patient development and quality of life.
Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of iron sucrose (IS) and ferric carboxymaltose (FCM)...
Role of neutrophil elastase in predicting infection among children with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia
Mahmoud A. El-Hawy, Doaa M. Elian, Mai El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid, Esraa T. Allam, Mariam S. Kandeel, Asmaa A. Mahmoud
Background: Infection is a significant cause of death following chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN). Neutropenia and compromised neutrophil function are the primary reasons for the decreased defense against infections.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the significance of neutrophil elastase (NE) in predicting the outcomes of childhood hematological malignancies with FN. Methods: The study included 64 patients with FN and 64 healthy children...
Effect of postoperative enteral protein supplementation on nitrogen balance in critically ill children
Irene Yuniar, Kadek Apik Lestari, Antonius Hocky Pudjiadi, Fatima Safira Alatas, Yoga Devaera
Background: Critically ill children are at risk of postoperative malnutrition. Thus, optimal nutritional therapy is essential for preventing morbidity development and reducing mortality rates among this population. An adequate protein intake increases anabolism. However, data on the effect of enteral protein supplementation on nitrogen balance and intestinal fatty acid–binding protein (I-FABP) levels in postoperative critically ill children remain limited.
Purpose: This...
Adenosine deaminase and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genetic polymorphisms among obese children with versus without metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease
Hala M. Sakhr, Mohammed H. Hassan, Azza Mohamed Taha, Ali Helmi Bakri
Background: Metabolic disorder–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in children is an emerging global health concern, particularly in terms of obesity and metabolic disturbances. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD, with adenosine deaminase (ADA) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) being potential contributors.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the association between ADA G22A and IL-1Ra single...
Perspective
Navigating the complex behavioral landscape of children in foster care and adopted families
Anisha Choi, Sandhya J. Kadam
Clinical note
Expanding genotype-phenotype correlation of Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 1
Manuela Lo Bianco, Federica Sipala, Xena Giada Pappalardo, Gaia Fusto, Roberta Rizzo, Federico Favata, Carla Cimino, Silvia Marino, Martino Ruggieri, Agnese Suppiej, Simone Ronsisvalle, Raffaele Falsaperla
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in children: a practical update based on Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ISPGHAN) 2024 guidelines
Ankit Agrawal, Arghya Samanta
Editorial
Intermittent sigh breaths during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation among newborn infants
Ga Won Jeon
Correspondence and reply
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents of children with systemic lupus erythematosus: a comment
hinpetch daungsupawong, viroj wiwanitkit
Review Article
Cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency: a systematic review
Rezwanul Rana, Syed Afroz Keramat, Moin Ahmed
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare genetic disorder that causes severe infections and death in early childhood. Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) for SCID using the T-cell receptor excision circle assay can revolutionize the early detection and treatment of infants with SCID, leading to improved quality of life and life expectancy. This systematic review aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of...
Original Article
Treatment and clinical outcomes of pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia: real-world single-center data from Korea
Young Dai Kwon, Eun Sun Jung, Yeon Jung Lim
Background: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is rare and characterized by hemolytic anemia with a positive direct antiglobulin test result after the exclusion of other causes. While adults often relapse within 1 year of first-line steroid therapy, children generally respond well. However, current treatment approaches lack substantial evidence and are primarily expert opinion–based.
Purpose: This study aimed to contribute our single-center...
Factors associated with thiamin deficiency in pediatric patients with heart disease and receiving diuretics: a single-center study
Phakwan Laohathai, Rathaporn Sumboonnanonda, Puthita Saengpanit, Chodchanok Vijarnsorn, Chatchawan Srisawat, Kwanjai Chotipanang, Sarawut Junnu, Supawan Kunnangja, Hathaichanok Rukprayoon, Phakkanan Phuangphan, Sompong Liammongkolkul, Arthima Phaokong, Narumon Densupsoontorn
Background: Thiamin deficiency (TD) manifesting clinically as wet beriberi can significantly impair a patient's cardiac function. Children with heart disease who are receiving diuretic treatment may be at increased risk for severe clinical manifestations of TD.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TD and evaluate the association between various factors with thiamin status in pediatric patients with...
Association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene and growth differentiation factor 15 gene polymorphisms and circulating levels with respiratory distress syndrome among preterm neonates
Ali Helmi Bakri, Mohammed H. Hassan, Khaled Abdalla Abd-Elbaseer, Mahmoud Abo -Alhassan Sayed, Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud Abdallah, Eman Ahmed Abd-Elmawgood
Background: In preterm newborns, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is among the main causes of respiratory failure and mortality. However, the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on neonatal developmental lung disease is not well documented in the literature. Moreover, little is known about the effects of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) on lung maturity in preterm infants.
Purpose: To evaluate...
Role of miRNA-146a and miRNA-125b in Helicobacter pylori
Nashwa Mohamed, Ola Behairy, Manal EL-Defrawy, Mona Elsayed, Naglaa Alhusseini
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common gastrointestinal pathogen associated with gastritis and peptic ulcers. The early detection of H. pylori–related gastritis is crucial to its effective management, especially in pediatric patients with dyspepsia.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the expression of miRNA-146a and miRNA-125b as potential indicators of H. pylori–associated gastritis in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study...
Review Article
Myopia: a review of current concepts, association with nonophthalmological conditions, and treatment strategy in children and adolescents
Yeon Woong Chung
Myopia, among the most common vision disorders worldwide, is projected to affect approximately 50% of the world's population by 2050. Its prevalence is particularly high in East Asia, posing a considerable public health challenge. In particular, high myopia, defined as ≤6.0 diopters, significantly increases an individual's lifetime risk of vision-threatening complications. Moreover, recent studies revealed that non-ophthalmological factors such as...
Original Article - Clinical trial
Effect of vitamin C supplement in treatment of childhood pneumonia requiring hospitalization: A randomized controlled trial
Chutima Phuaksaman, Katechan Jampachaisri, Klaita Srisingh
Background: The role of vitamin C in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is controversial; moreover, a standard dose is lacking.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of vitamin C to reduce symptom severity and length of hospital stay among children with CAP as well as determine its optimal dose. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial...
Review Article
NLRP3 inflammasome: A key player in neonatal brain injury
Cagla Kiser, Ilkcan Ercan, Defne Engur, Sermin Genc
Among neonates, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is the most significant cause of mortality and hypoxia-ischemia is among the leading causes of brain damage. The microglia are primary mediators of neuroinflammation. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is the first line of defense in the central nervous system. Numerous studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated and...
Original Article
Establishing an induced pluripotent stem cell bank using urine cells from pediatric patients with neurogenetic diseases
Hien Bao Dieu Thai, WonWoo Jung, Sol Choi, Woo Joong Kim, JangSup Moon, ByungChan Lim
Background: Inadequate knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms underlying pediatric neurological disorders impedes their effective treatment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are essential for exploring the course of neurological diseases because they enable disease modeling at the cellular level.
Purpose: This study aimed to generate an iPSC bank using urine cells (UCs) for clinical applications, particularly the study of pediatric neurogenetic diseases....
Incidence of neural tube defects in tertiary care university hospital in Bangladesh
Ismat Jahan, Md Arif Hossain, Shah Nizam Uddin, Sadeka Choudhuri Moni, Mohammad Kamrul Hassan, Sanjoy Kumer Dey, Mohammad Abdul Mannan, Mohammod Shahidullah
Background: Although national population-based birth defect prevalence estimates are unavailable for Bangladesh specifically, data extrapolated from the March Dimes Global Birth Defects Report indicate a prevalence of neural tube defects (NTD) of 4.7 per 1000 live births.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NTD among infants born at a tertiary care multidisciplinary referral hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: Live...
Letters to the Editor
Debate around and impact of digital screen time and media parenting on children’s development
Gowda Prashanth
Original Article
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with type VI mucopolysaccharidosis
Vedat Uygun, Koray Yalçın, Hayriye Daloğlu, Seda Öztürkmen, Suna Çelen, Suleimen Zhumatayev, Gülsün Karasu, Akif Yeşilipek
Background: It is uncertain whether hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), versus standard enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), is effective for type VI mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS VI).
Purpose: New related advances in HSCT prompted an examination of the transplant procedures performed in a recent cohort. Methods: This single-center retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 17 pediatric patients with MPS VI who underwent allogeneic...
Efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide versus room-air insufflation in pediatric colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Ajay Aravind, Ujjal Poddar, Anshu Srivastava, Moinak Sen Sarma
Background: Adequately powered studies in children are scarce and there are reports on the risk of carbon dioxide (CO2) retention after colonoscopy.
Purpose: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of CO2 insufflation in children undergoing colonoscopy. Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between March 2023 and July 2024. We recruited 200 consecutive children...
Nonlinear association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and asthma in children and adolescents in the USA: a cross-sectional study
Chuhan Cheng, Liyan Zhang
Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation associated with various diseases including respiratory conditions. However, the relationship between NLR and asthma in the pediatric population remains underexplored.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association between NLR and asthma in children and adolescents and assess its potential role as a predictive biomarker for pediatric asthma. Methods: We...
Somatic symptom severity during acute illnesses among children with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Rattanachart Sirinil, Anundorn Wongteerasut
Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are associated with various gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI symptoms, risk factors for which commonly include psychosocial and physical stresses.
Purpose: This study aimed to compare somatic symptom severity between children with FGIDs and healthy controls during acute illnesses. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study whose inclusion criterion was age 4–18 years. Children were...
Serum amyloid A and proadrenomedullin as early markers in critically ill children with sepsis
Nagwan Saleh, Wafaa Abo El Fotoh, Mona Habib, Salem Deraz
Background: Pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM), the most stable part of ADM, serves as an indirect marker of ADM levels. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a protein produced primarily in the liver during acute inflammation.
Purpose: To assess the role of SAA and pro-ADM, individually and in combination, as diagnostic and prognostic markers in pediatric sepsis. Methods: This prospective case-control cohort study included...
Characterization of gut microbiota in very low birth weight infants with versus without bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Manapat Praditaukrit, Gunlawadee Maneenil, Supaporn Dissaneevate, Kamonnut Singkhamanan, Komwit Surachat
Background: Gut–lung crosstalk is a pathway involving interactions between the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and immune systems. The immune responses of the gut and lungs are intricately linked, and previous studies demonstrated that the gut microbiota can influence systemic immune responses in the respiratory system as well as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Purpose: To analyze the composition of the gut microbiota in very low...
Role of microRNA-498 and microRNA-410 in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Eman Salah Eldeen Arafat, Hasnaa Hesham Abotaleb, Dina Abdel Razek Midan, Abdel Hamid Abdo Ismail, Zeinab Abouzouna
Background: Neonatal asphyxia is the primary cause of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a condition characterized by hypoxic and ischemic brain damage. A class of short noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) have significant regulatory functions, can function as diagnostic and developmental indicators of diseases, and are involved in disease pathophysiology.
Purpose: To study the role of microRNA-410 and microRNA-498 in neonatal HIE...
Evaluation of total serum bilirubin thresholds for discontinuing phototherapy in jaundiced neonates: a randomized study
Nidhi Jain, Ajay Kumar
Background: To evaluate the outcomes of jaundiced neonates using two different total serum bilirubin (TSB) thresholds for discontinuing phototherapy.
Purpose: The study aims to evaluate the outcomes of jaundiced neonates by comparing two different total serum bilirubin (TSB) thresholds for discontinuing phototherapy. Methods: All consecutive jaundiced neonates in a tertiary care hospital with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks and ≥3...
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