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Original Article
Hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-thalassemia: links to vitamin cofactor deficiencies and oxidative stress
Arzu Dadashova, Gunay Aliyeva, Rana Rahimova, Gulnara Azizova, Khayala Mammadova
Background: Homocysteine metabolism is crucial to maintaining vascular and metabolic homeostasis, yet its dysregulation in pediatric β-thalassemia major (β-TM) remains poorly understood.
Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of hyperhomocysteinemia in pediatric β-TM with a focus on vitamin B9 (folate), B12, and B6 deficiencies, oxidative stress marker levels, and the impact of splenectomy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of...
Respiratory severity score-guided postnatal systemic corticosteroid therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants
Gyeong Eun Yeom, Ju Sun Heo, Baek Sup Shin, Seh Hyun Kim, Seung Han Shin, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication in extremely preterm (EP) infants. Postnatal systemic corticosteroids reduce inflammation and may help prevent or treat BPD. However, their use is limited because of concerns regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the optimal timing and criteria for steroid therapy initiation remain unclear.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a respiratory severity score...
Trends and determinants in breastfeeding among Korean infants (2007–2021): a nationwide study using the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children
Minwoong Kang, Eui Kyung Choi, Jeung Min Lee, Hye-Jung Shin, Woo Ryoung Lee, Son Moon Shin, Korean Society of Breastfeeding Medicine
Background: Breastfeeding has nutritional, immunolo­gical, and psychological benefits for infants. However, breastfeeding rates have recently declined in South Korea.
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the breastfeed­ing trends and determinants in a nationwide birth cohort. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used claims data from the National Health Insurance Service from 2007–2022. Infants born between 2007 and 2021 who underwent at least one...
Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for treatment of relapsed/ refractory hematologic malignancy in children and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ghea Mangkuliguna, Edi Setiawan Tehuteru, Reganedgary Jonlean, Nicholas Adrianto, Stella Kallista
Background: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy offer potential complementary benefits.
Purpose: This study aimed to ascertain whether incorporating consolidative allo-SCT after CAR T-cell therapy can augment the therapeutic outcomes of child and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and the grey literature...
Review Article
Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Healthcare: current applications, potentials and implementation considerations
Taejin park, In-Hee Lee, Seung Wook Lee, Sek Won Kong
Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed pediatric healthcare by supporting diagnostics, personalized treat­ment strategies, and prognosis predictions. Although it offers significant promise in these areas, its application in pediatric settings poses distinct challenges compared with that in adults due to variable developmental status, the limited availability of pediatric data, and ethical con­cerns regarding bias and transparency. This narrative review summarizes the...
Original Article
Effect of postoperative enteral protein supplementation on nitrogen balance in critically ill children
Irene Yuniar, Kadek Apik Lestari, Antonius Hocky Pudjiadi, Fatima Safira Alatas, Yoga Devaera
Background: Critically ill children are at risk of postoperative malnutrition. Thus, optimal nutritional therapy is essential for preventing morbidity development and reducing mortality rates among this population. An adequate protein intake increases anabolism. However, data on the effect of enteral protein supplementation on nitrogen balance and intestinal fatty acid–binding protein (I-FABP) levels in postoperative critically ill children remain limited.
Purpose: This...
Adenosine deaminase and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genetic polymorphisms among obese children with versus without metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease
Hala M. Sakhr, Mohammed H. Hassan, Azza Mohamed Taha, Ali Helmi Bakri
Background: Metabolic disorder–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in children is an emerging global health concern, particularly in terms of obesity and metabolic disturbances. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD, with adenosine deaminase (ADA) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) being potential contributors.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the association between ADA G22A and IL-1Ra single...
Review Article
Cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency: a systematic review
Rezwanul Rana, Syed Afroz Keramat, Moin Ahmed
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare genetic disorder that causes severe infections and death in early childhood. Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) for SCID using the T-cell receptor excision circle assay can revolutionize the early detection and treatment of infants with SCID, leading to improved quality of life and life expectancy. This systematic review aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of...
Original Article
Factors associated with thiamin deficiency in pediatric patients with heart disease and receiving diuretics: a single-center study
Phakwan Laohathai, Rathaporn Sumboonnanonda, Puthita Saengpanit, Chodchanok Vijarnsorn, Chatchawan Srisawat, Kwanjai Chotipanang, Sarawut Junnu, Supawan Kunnangja, Hathaichanok Rukprayoon, Phakkanan Phuangphan, Sompong Liammongkolkul, Arthima Phaokong, Narumon Densupsoontorn
Background: Thiamin deficiency (TD) manifesting clinically as wet beriberi can significantly impair a patient's cardiac function. Children with heart disease who are receiving diuretic treatment may be at increased risk for severe clinical manifestations of TD.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TD and evaluate the association between various factors with thiamin status in pediatric patients with...
Association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene and growth differentiation factor 15 gene polymorphisms and circulating levels with respiratory distress syndrome among preterm neonates
Ali Helmi Bakri, Mohammed H. Hassan, Khaled Abdalla Abd-Elbaseer, Mahmoud Abo -Alhassan Sayed, Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud Abdallah, Eman Ahmed Abd-Elmawgood
Background: In preterm newborns, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is among the main causes of respiratory failure and mortality. However, the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on neonatal developmental lung disease is not well documented in the literature. Moreover, little is known about the effects of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) on lung maturity in preterm infants.
Purpose: To evaluate...
Role of miRNA-146a and miRNA-125b in Helicobacter pylori
Nashwa Mohamed, Ola Behairy, Manal EL-Defrawy, Mona Elsayed, Naglaa Alhusseini
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common gastrointestinal pathogen associated with gastritis and peptic ulcers. The early detection of H. pylori–related gastritis is crucial to its effective management, especially in pediatric patients with dyspepsia.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the expression of miRNA-146a and miRNA-125b as potential indicators of H. pylori–associated gastritis in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study...
Original Article - Clinical trial
Effect of vitamin C supplement in treatment of childhood pneumonia requiring hospitalization: A randomized controlled trial
Chutima Phuaksaman, Katechan Jampachaisri, Klaita Srisingh
Background: The role of vitamin C in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is controversial; moreover, a standard dose is lacking.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of vitamin C to reduce symptom severity and length of hospital stay among children with CAP as well as determine its optimal dose. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial...
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