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Review Article
Electronic media exposure and neurodevelopment in children under 5 years of age: an updated evidence-based narrative review
Soumi Kundu, Sudip Bhattacharya, Rajan Kumar, Kusum Kumari, Chandrima Biswas, Asha Oraon, Abhimanyu Ganguly
The rapid integration of electronic media into daily life has transformed early childhood experiences worldwide. While digital technology offers opportunities for learning, communication, and entertainment, concerns persist regarding its impact on neurodevelopment during the critical early years of life. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the association between electronic media exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children under 5 years of age. The literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus,...
Original Article
Prenatal stress via chronic immobilization amplifies N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced spasm-like seizure susceptibility and neuroinflammation in neonatal rats
Hyeok Hee Kwon, Seungyeon Bin, Seung Gyu Choi, Hyo Jung Shin, Joon Won Kang
Background: Prolonged stress during pregnancy is associated with various neurodevelopmental abnormalities and an increased risk of neurological disorders. Although prenatal stress is implicated in altered brain development, its contribution to infant seizures remains unclear. Specifically, the effects of prolonged prenatal stress on seizure susceptibility and the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.
Purpose: Infantile spasms, also known as West syndrome, are age-specific epileptic seizures. Most affected patients exhibit signs of...
Review Article
Health literacy and emergency preparedness in pediatric tracheostomy and home ventilation: a practical review
Megan Pilcher, Weerapong Lilitwat
Children with tracheostomy and home ventilation are vulnerable to rapidly evolving airway and equipment emergencies after discharge. Health literacy in this setting is the functional capacity to access, understand, appraise, communicate, and apply child-specific information under stress. This narrative review synthesizes health-literacy literature, American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidance, caregiver education and simulation studies, outpatient emergency-knowledge studies, and health-system data to...
Current review of pediatric Fas-associated death domain protein deficiency: expanding clinical and therapeutic perspectives
Chuin-Hen Liew, Kah Kee Tan, Jelitha Ramachanderam, Sin Yee Tee, Khuen Foong Ng
Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) deficiency is a rare inborn error of immunity characterized by dysregulated T-cell proliferation. The clinical spectrum and management of FADD deficiency in children remain incompletely described. This review aimed to synthesize patient-level observational evidence on clinical manifestations, immunological and genetic findings, and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with FADD deficiency. A literature search was conducted of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus from database inception to...
Clinical note
First biallelic CASQ2 variant in a Korean child with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Sang Hun Jung, Shin Hyeung Kwak, Gwang Jun Choi, Ja-Kyoung Yoon, Jin Young Song, I Seok Kang, June Huh
Review Article
Patient-derived intestinal organoids in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: applications in disease modeling and therapeutic response prediction
Ky Young Cho
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has risen worldwide, creating significant challenges for healthcare professionals. Compared with adult-onset inflammatory bowel disease, PIBD often presents with more extensive intestinal involvement, a more aggressive course, and complications affecting growth and puberty, making timely disease control critical for PIBD. However, treatment selection remains largely empirical, and many patients fail to respond...
Clinical note
Achalasia, alacrimia, and normal adrenal function in a toddler: GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase A-congenital disorder of glycosylation mimicking Allgrove syndrome
Prounika Koppula, Siva Satya Prasun Korrapati, Vybhav Venkatesh
Original Article
Gut microbiota profiles in Korean children with growth hormone deficiency: a case-control study
So Yoon Choi, Seom Gim Kong, Gyu Min Yeon, Yoo Rha Hong, Minyoung Jung, Jung Hyun Lee
Background: The gut microbiota plays an important role in childhood growth and metabolic regulation and may interact with the growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor-1 axis. However, the gut microbiota characteristics in children with GH deficiency (GHD) are poorly understood.
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the gut microbiota composition and predict the functional profiles of Korean children with GHD and those...
Impact of bacterial infection on native liver survival in children with cirrhosis due to biliary atresia
Varissara Kaewchaivijit, Pornthep Tanpowpong, Songpon Getsuwan, Sophida Boonsathorn, Chatmanee Lertudomphonwanit, Suporn Treepongkaruna
Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a common cause of cirrhosis in children, and serious bacterial infections may worsen clinical outcomes.
Purpose: To study the characteristics, associated factors, and outcomes of infections in children with cirrhosis secondary to BA. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in children aged <18 years with cirrhosis due to BA between 2014 and 2023. Patients were categorized...
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