| Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation following chimeric
antigen receptor T-cell therapy for treatment of relapsed/
refractory hematologic malignancy in children and young
adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
Ghea Mangkuliguna1 
, Edi Setiawan Tehuteru2
, Reganedgary Jonlean2,3
, Nicholas Adrianto1
, Stella Kallista1
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1School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
2Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Indonesia Tzu Chi Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
3Faculty of Medicine, University Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia |
Correspondence:
Ghea Mangkuliguna, Email: mangkuligunaVG1402@yahoo.com
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Received: 4 January 2025 • Revised: 13 May 2025 • Accepted: 14 May 2025 |
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| Abstract |
Background
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy offer potential complementary benefits.
Purpose
This study aimed to ascertain whether incorporating consolidative allo-SCT after CAR T-cell therapy can augment the therapeutic outcomes of child and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancy.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and the grey literature repositories was performed for articles published between May 5, 2014, and May 5, 2024. We included studies reporting consolidative allo-SCT following CAR T-cell therapy for treating hematologic malignancies in subjects aged ≤25 years old. The outcomes of interest were complete remission, survival, relapse, and mortality rates. The estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, while the certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. This study follows the PRISMA 2020 criteria and is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023433417).
Results
Twelve cohort studies involving 380 patients, primarily those with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), were included. The CAR T-cell + SCT group showed a trend toward higher complete remission (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–8.54; P=0.08; I2=57%; evidence, very low); lower mortality (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.27–1.27; P=0.17; I2=0%; evidence, low), and decreased relapse (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06–0.56; P=0.003; I2=41%; evidence, low) rates than those who did not proceed to SCT. In addition, both overall survival and leukemia-free survival rates showed a favorable trend toward the CAR T-cell + SCT group, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25–0.77; P=0.005; I2=0%; evidence, low; and hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.17–0.49; P<0.00001; I2=0%; evidence, low). Common posttransplant toxicities include mild to moderate acute and chronic graft-versus-host diseases.
Conclusion
Although the current level of evidence remains low or very low, allo-SCT following CAR T-cell infusion potentially benefits patient survival. Further clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.
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| Key Words:
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell, Hematologic malignancy, Leukemia, Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation |
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