Effect of Fetal Cardiac Bypass on Fetal Cardiovascular System - Fetal Lamb Study -

Choi, Jung Yun; Huh, June; Kim, Yong Jin; Kim, Won Gon; Lee, Jeong Ryul; Kim, Chong Sung

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1999;42(7):943-952.
Published online July 15, 1999.

Effect of Fetal Cardiac Bypass on Fetal Cardiovascular System - Fetal Lamb Study -

Jung Yun Choi¹, June Huh¹, Yong Jin Kim², Won Gon Kim², Jeong Ryul Lee², Chong Sung Kim³

¹Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
²Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
³Department of Anesthesiology†, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

태아 심장 체외순환이 심혈관계에 미치는 영향 - 양 실험을 통한 연구 -

최정연^¹^, 허준^¹^, 김용진^²^, 김원곤^²^, 이정렬^²^, 김종성^³

^¹서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실
^²서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실
^³서울대학교 의과대학 마취과학교실

Correspondence:
Jung Yun Choi, Email: 1

Abstract

Purpose
: This study was aimed to evaluate the feasibility of echo-Doppler study on fetal lamb, analyse the distribution of blood flow before and after fetal cardiac bypass, and consequently assess the effect of fetal cardiac bypass on the fetal cardiovascular system.
Methods
: Ten fetal lambs at 120 to 150 days of gestation which underwent cardiac bypass for 30 minutes were studied by echocardiography and Doppler study. Five fetuses survived after bypass. Blood flow volume was measured if possible in aorta, main pulmonary artery, ductus and branch pulmonary arteries before and after bypass.
Results
: Echocardiographic evaluation was successful in 5 of 9 studied in utero, and all 3 exteriorized cases before bypass and all 5 post-bypass cases. Before bypass cardiac output and combined vascular resistance tended to increase according to body weight, but was not significant. After cardiac bypass, cardiac output decreased significantly(P<0.05). The ratios of main pulmonary artery to aorta blood flow volume were 1.40(1.16-1.58) at pre-bypass and 1.47(0.644- 2.34) at post-bypass(P>0.05). Combined vascular resistance was 188unit(92-340unit) at pre-bypass and 341 unit(128-533 unit) at post-bypass. There was no significant difference in combined vascular resistance in 3 cases of which both pre-bypass and post-bypass studies were completed. Doppler study demonstrated systolic forward flow and diastolic reverse flow in ductus and aorta after cardiac bypass.
Conclusion
: Echocardiography and Doppler study are feasible methods for the evaluation of blood flow after fetal cardiac bypass. This study suggests that cerebral and pulmonary vascular resistance may elevate less compared with that of placenta after cardiac bypass.

Key Words: Fetal surgery, Cardiac bypass, Regional blood flow distribution