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Effect of maternal thyroxine treatment on the offspring's brain development with fetal alcohol effects in the rats

Korean Journal of Pediatrics 2006;49(6):677-685.
Published online June 15, 2006.
Effect of maternal thyroxine treatment on the offspring's brain development with fetal alcohol effects in the rats
Jin Fu1, Yoon Young Chung2, Sang Kee Park3
1Department of Medicine, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
2Departments of Anatomy Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
3Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
모체 thyroxine 투여가 새끼 흰쥐 대뇌의 태아 알코올 효과에 미치는 영향
김복1, 정윤영2, 박상기3
1조선대학교 대학원 의학과
2조선대학교 의과대학 해부학교실
3조선대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실
Correspondence: 
Sang Kee Park, Email: skpark@chosun.ac.kr
Abstract
Purpose
: This study aimed to investigate whether exogenous thyroxine(T4) treatment to alcohol-fed dams would ameliorate the detrimental effects of alcohol on the postnatal development of neuropeptide-Y(NPY)-containing neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the offspring.
Methods
: Time-pregnant rats were divided into three groups. An alcohol-fed group A received 35 calories of liquid alcohol diet daily from gestation day 6; control group B was fed a liquid diet in which dextrin replaced alcohol isocalorically; and alcohol+T4 group C received 35 calories of liquid alcohol diet and exogenous thyroxine subcutaneously. The features of the growth and maturation of rat brain tissue were observed at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 postnatal days via immunohistochemistry.
Results
: Group C showed prominent NPY immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex compared to group A and B at P7. In group C, NPY-containing neurons were widely distributed in the all layers of cerebral cortex after P14. Also, numerical decreases of NPY-containing neuron were not found according to increasing age in group C. A decrease of NPY-containing neurons, however, was clearly observed in group A compared to group C at P28. In the hippocampus, similar patterns appeared in groups B and C after P7. Especially, in groups B and C, NPY-containing fibers formed plexus in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at P14.
Conclusion
: These results suggest that the increase of NPY synthesis caused by maternal administration of exogenous thyroxine may convalesce fetal alcohol effects, one of the effects of the dysthyroid state following maternal alcohol abuse.
Key Words: Fetal alcohol effects , Thyroxine , Neuropeptide-Y(NPY)


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