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Original Article
Is routine screening examination necessary for detecting thromboembolism in childhood nephrotic syndrome?
Mun Sub Kim, Ja Wook Koo, Soung Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(7):736-741.   Published online July 15, 2008
Purpose : The incidence of thromboembolic episodes in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is low; however, these episodes are often severe. Moreover, both pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and renal vein thrombosis (RVT) rarely show clinical symptoms. This study was performed to determine the benefits of routine screening in the detection of thrombosis in childhood NS. Methods : Among 62 children with...
Clinical characteristics of severe meconium aspiration syndrome
Chang Won Choi, Beyong Il Kim, Hyun Ju Lee, Kyoung Eun Joung, Gyu Hong Shim, In Suk Lim, Jin-A Lee, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(7):713-721.   Published online July 15, 2008
Purpose : This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) which required mechanical ventilation over 48 h and to delineate the progress of respiratory failure and radiographic findings in severe MAS. Methods : Twelve infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital diagnosed with severe MAS from...
The effect of education and training with balloons on pulmonary function test in children
Yong Hee Hong, Sun Mi Ha, You Hoon Jeon, Hyeon Jong Yang, Bok Yang Pyun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(5):506-511.   Published online May 15, 2008
Purpose : The results of pulmonary function test (PFT) in children are variable according to the patient's cooperation and comprehensiveness. This study has intended to figure out the effectiveness of pre-education and training with balloons on PFT in children. Methods : One hundred six children mean aged 9.35?.92 years were tested. All participants performed PFT twice in 30 minutes intervals....
Effect of surfactant lavage in severe meconium aspiration syndrome
Soon Min Lee, He Min Kim, Ji Hyun Jeon, Min Soo Park, Kook In Park, Ran Namgung, Chul Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(4):367-371.   Published online April 15, 2008
Purpose : The surfactant dysfunction may play an important role in meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). We aim to evaluate the effect of surfactant lavage in the treatment of term infants with MAS. Methods : The medical records of 15 neonates with severe MAS admitted at Yongdong Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2007 were reviewed and analyzed. Seven infants with severe...
Utility of a forced expiratory flow of 25 to 75 percent as a predictor in children with asthma
Jung Wan Kang, Kyung Won Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Jun Young Park, Myung Hyun Sohn, Kyu-Earn Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(3):323-328.   Published online March 15, 2008
Purpose : Asthma is defined as chronic inflammation of the lower small airways, and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is a pathophysiologic feature of asthma. It has been proposed that although there is no direct variable capable of assessing the small airways, a forced expiratory flow of between 25 and 75 percent (FEF25-75) might be considered a more sensitive early marker of...
Case Report
Three cases of pulmonary and/or intestinal tuberculosis in adolescents
Jung Hye Byeon, Yoon Lee, Jin Chul Lee, Young Yoo, Kee Hyoung Lee, Kwang Chul Lee, Ji Tae Choung, Soo Youn Ham, Chul Whan Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(11):1134-1138.   Published online November 15, 2007
Since the tuberculosis (TB) in adolescents has unique clinical characteristics, special attention should be paid to this age group. Adolescents are more susceptible to developing TB disease and more likely to have cavitary pulmonary disease. Also, adolescent patients with TB more frequently present with extrapulmonary disease. We report three adolescents with active pulmonary and/or intestinal TB: one had pulmonary and...
A case of pulmonary thromboembolism in a healthy infant
Woo-Yeon Choi, Young-Seok Choi, Soo-Min Oh, Young-Kuk Cho, Jae-Sook Ma
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(10):1030-1033.   Published online October 15, 2007
A pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), which is a sudden blockage in a pulmonary artery, usually due to a blood clot, is rare in children. The clinical presentation is often subtle or masked by the underlying clinical condition and the condition must be suspected during clinical testing. Although the choice of treatment depends on the clinical presentation, anticoagulation is the mainstay of...
Stent implantation to relieve secondary pulmonary venous stenosis in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: case report
Youn Ho Shin, Ki Eun Kim, Hae Sik Kwon, Byung Won Yoo, Jae Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(9):919-924.   Published online September 15, 2007
Pulmonary venous stenosis may be congenital or acquired. Regardless of its origin, the prognosis for patients affected with PVS remains poor. There have been many attempts to palliate PVS with little success. This report describes two patients with PVS which became evident after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Intravascular stents were successfully implanted, but progressive restenoses in the...
A case of hepatopulmonary syndrome in a child with fatty liver disease secondary to hypopituitarism after craniopharyngioma resection
Sun Ju Im, Hyun Seok Park, Hyoung Doo Lee, Jae Hong Park, Hee Ju Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(8):794-798.   Published online August 15, 2007
Hepatopulmonary syndrome is a triad that includes: hepatic dysfunction, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and abnormal arterial oxygenation. The incidence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, in adults with end-stage liver disease, has been reported to be 13% to 47%, however the incidence in children is unclear and the cases in Korean children have never been reported. The hepatopulmonary syndrome may occur as a...
Original Article
The effect of restricted fluid intakes in the first week of life on the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants
Hoe Kyoung Koo, Eun Na Choi, Ran Namgung, Min Soo Park, Kook In Park, Chul Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(6):536-542.   Published online June 15, 2007
Purpose : We investigated the effects of restricted fluid in the first 7 days of life on the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods : Eighty three VLBW infants who lived more than 28 days were selected. The amount of daily maintenance fluid was determined by calculation of insensible...
High-resolution computed tomography findings of lung parenchyme changes in very low birth weight infants treated with oxygen
Young Man Jin, David Chanwook Chung, Young Pyo Chang, Yung Suk Lee, En Sun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(3):255-261.   Published online March 15, 2007
Purpose : The objective of this study is to observe high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of lung parenchyme in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants between the corrected age of 38-42 weeks who were treated with oxygen after birth, and to compare them to the clinical severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods : The lungs of fourty-four VLBW infants with gestational...
Cord blood IL-10, IL-12 in preterm newborns as predictors of respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Jee Yoon Park,, Ji Young Kim, Soo Jin Cho, Young Ju Kim, Hye sook Park, Eun Hee Ha, Eun Ae Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(3):248-254.   Published online March 15, 2007
Purpose : Inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RDS and BPD in the immature lung. We investigated the possible role of IL-10 and IL-12 in the cord blood of preterm newborns with RDS or BPD. Methods : Forty preterm newborns whose mothers received antenatal care at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital between January 2003 to June 2005, and...
Case Report
Anomalous systemic arterial supply to lung without sequestration in an infant who has congenital heart disease : a case report
Yeon Woo Jang, Duck Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):895-897.   Published online August 15, 2006
Systemic arterial supply from the aorta to the lung is a rare congenital anomaly within the spectrum of bronchopulmonary sequestration according to Pryce's terminology. We describe our experience of this anomaly in an infant with congenital cardiac disease confirmed by multidetector CT scan. We found a systemic arterial supply from the aorta to the right lower lobe of lung without...
Original Article
Early and mid-term results of pulmonary valve reconstruction in surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot; comparison with other techniques of right ventricular outflow reconstruction
Sheng Wen Wang, Young Seok Lee, Si Ho Kim, Tae Hong Kim, Ji Eun Ban, Hyoung Doo Lee, Yun Hee Chang, Si Chan Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):635-642.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine whether the new pulmonary valve reconstruction technique prevents short-term postoperative pulmonary regurgitation and improves early and mid-term clinical outcome. Methods : We reviewed postoperative echocardiographic variables and chest X-ray films from 31 patients who had undergone valve reconstruction(pulmonary valve reconstruction group : PVR) for the repair of TOF between April 2000...
Case Report
Intervention with Balloon Valvuloplasty followed by Patent Ductus Arteriosus Stent in a Patient with Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
Han Hyuk Lim, Young Deuk Kim, Jae Hwan Lee, Mea Young Chang, Hong Ryang Kil
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1256-1259.   Published online November 15, 2005
Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) is rare, less than 1% of congenital heart disease. It needs a therapeutic approach according to its individual morphologic feature. Surgical treatment of valvotomy and modified Blalock-Taussig shunt or non-surgical interventional catheter balloon valvuloplasty can be used for mild to moderate hypoplasia of right ventricle. Fontan operation can be considered for less optimum...
Original Article
Clinical Features of Symptomatic Neonates with Ebstein's Anomaly
Hee Jin Cho, In Sil Lee, Jae Kon Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1212-1218.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : Forward pulmonary blood flow may be absent in some neonates with Ebstein's anomaly by anatomical or functional pulmonary atresia in association with the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, patent ductus arteriosus and tricuspid regurgitation. We reviewed the presentation and outcomes of symptomatic neonates with Ebstein's anomaly focusing on the pulmonary atresia. Methods : Clinical presentation and outcome of 15 symptomatic...
Pulmonary Function Test and Body Composition Analysis in Obese Children
Jee Seon Shin, Ji Hye Park, Ji Young Kim, Su Jung Kim, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(6):588-593.   Published online June 15, 2005
Purpose : Obesity is associated with disturbances of ventilatory functions in adults. But few studies have evaluated the pulmonary complications of obesity in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of obesity on pulmonary function and body composition in obese children. Methods : Forty seven obese children whose ages ranged from nine to twelve...
Human Surfactant Protein-A(SP-A) Gene Locus Associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Korean Children
Seung Soo Kim, In Kyu Lee, Jung Ho Ko, Myung Ho Oh, Chong Woo Bae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(4):376-379.   Published online April 15, 2005
Purpose : Mycoplasama pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and exacerbates other respiratory conditions such as asthma. Surfactant protein A(SP-A) is involved in surfactant physiology and surfactant structure, and plays a major role in innate host defense and inflammatory processes in the lung. In this study, SP-A mediated mycoplasma cidal activity. The candidate-gene approach was used to study the...
Case Report
Two Case of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula Treatment Depending on the Presence of Pulmonary Hypertension
Yun Jeong Huh, Jeong Tae Kim, Jae Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):216-220.   Published online February 15, 2005
Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas(PAVFs) is a rare disorder that occurs in two to three children per 100,000 population. It is presented as absence of intervening capillary beds between the pulmonary artery and vein with resultant persistent right to left shunt. Other causes include trauma, liver cirrhosis, malignancy and schistosomiasis. It is mostly asymptomatic, but it may present with respiratory difficulty, cyanosis,...
A Case of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Jin-Ha Chang, Ran Namgung, Min-Soo Park, Kook In Park, Jin-Sung Lee, Chul Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1220-1224.   Published online November 15, 2004
Fetal alcohol syndrome can be suspected in infants born to mothers with a prenatal history of alcohol abuse if the child exhibits characteristic facial features, together with intrauterine growth retardation, multiple neurological abnormalities, and multiorgan defects. If only a few of the above criteria are satisfied, the term fetal alcohol effects is used. We experienced a neonate who presented with...
The VACTERL Association : Tracheal Stenosis, Tracheal Bronchus and Partial Pulmonary Agenesis, Instead of Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Ji Sook Park, Hae Young Lee, Jong Sil Lee, Ji Hyeon Seo, Jae Young Lim, Myong Bum Choi, Chan Hoo Park, Hyang Ok Woo, Hee Sang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1119-1123.   Published online October 15, 2004
VACTERL association is a disease with multiple congenital anomalies of the vertebrae, anus, cardia, tracheoesophageal(TE) fistula, renal and limb. This disease is derived from VATER anomaly, accompanied by cardiac and limb anomalies. We experienced a case of a 1-day-old boy with anal atresia, who represented multiple anomalies during hospital course. The multiple anomalies were hemivertebra, anal atresia, complex heart disease(coarctation...
Congenital Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Manifested by Severe Cyanosis in Infancy
Jae Ju Cho, Woo Sung Park, I-Seok Kang, Tae-Gook Jun, Mi-Jin Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1114-1118.   Published online October 15, 2004
Congenital pulmonary vein stenosis(CPVS) with anatomically normal connection, a rare anomaly, usually leads to progressive pulmonary hypertension, cardiac failure in infancy, and death if untreated. Most are combined with other anomalies, particularly left to right shunt lesions. Very often, the detection of CPVS is overlooked on the initial cardiac echocardiogram, because it may be mild in its severity initially, but...
A Case of Pulmonary Artery Sling Misdiagnosed as Bronchial Asthma
Eun-Jung Cheon, Ki-Soo Kim, Jae-Woo Lim, Kyung-Ok Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1110-1113.   Published online October 15, 2004
Anomalous left pulmonary artery(pulmonary artery sling) is a congenital anomaly in which the vascular structure arises either from the posterior surface of the right pulmonary artery, or from the main pulmonary artery and courses to the left lung between the posterior surface of the trachea and the anterior surface of the esophagus. It may compress on the tracheobronchial tree causing...
Original Article
Pulmonary Function of Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Yu Sok Han, Hyun Ah Kim, Uee Ryoung Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1076-1080.   Published online October 15, 2004
Purpose : To evaluate the patterns of preoperative pulmonary function tests(PFTs) and their correlation with postoperative pulmonary impairment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS), who had orthopaedic operation with or without rib resection thoracoplasty. Methods : The case records and radiographs of 79 patients(12, boys and 67, girls) of a mean age of 13.3 years(7-15 years) with AIS who underwent orthopaedic...
Medical Lecture Course
Factors Involved in Lung Development and Alveolarization
Min Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1031-1035.   Published online October 15, 2004
Lung development is a sum of processes that involve harmonized orchestration of expressions of various factors in time and space. The mastermind governing these phenomena is not known, but cumulative efforts so far have helped us gain some insights as to what are involved in and how complex the developmental process is. Beginning as primitive foregut, lungs undergo processes called...
Original Article
Surfactant Therapy for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome : Experience in Korea Over 15 Years
Chong-Woo Bae, Young-Min Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(9):940-948.   Published online September 15, 2004
Purpose : Surfactant replacement therapy in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) has been used in Korea since 1990. We undertook a collective study of trials from multi-hospitals to evaluate results of neonates with RDS who were treated with surfactant during the past 15 years in Korea(Period I, P-I, 1990-91; Period II, P-II, 1996; Period-III, P-III; 2002). Methods : There were 60...
Association between the Human Surfactant Protein-A(SP-A) Gene Locus and Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Korean Neonates
Jae Hoon Choe, Myung Ho Oh, Jung Ho Ko, Sun Young Kim, In Kyu Lee, Chong Woo Bae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(7):735-739.   Published online July 15, 2004
Purpose : Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) is caused by a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant, which is a lipoprotein complex. Both low levels of surfactant protein A(SP-A) and SP-A alleles have been associated with RDS. However, the genes underlying susceptibility to RDS are insufficiently known. The candidate-gene approach was used to study the association between the SP-A gene locus and RDS in...
Clinical Lecture
Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Yong Hoon Jun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(7):707-715.   Published online July 15, 2004
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn(PPHN) is a disorder characterized by persistence of the pattern of fetal circulation after birth due to a sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance. The two primary events in the pathophysiology of neonatal pulmonary hypertension are hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction(HPV) and hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling(HPR). Chronic hypoxemia may cause increased muscularity of the pulmonary arteries and...
New Guideline of Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Yong Won Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(6):591-595.   Published online June 15, 2004
A primary cardiac arrest is rare in children. The usual course begins with respiratory arrest and culminates in profound bradycardia or asystole and cardiovascular collapse, so it is vitally important to quickly restore ventilation in pediatric patients(phone-fast). Children over 8 years of age follow the same sequence as adults; that is calling emergency medical services before providing rescue breathing(phone-first).
Original Article
Characteristics of Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect According to Morphologic Classification and Changes of Pulmonary Artery after Modified B-T Shunt
Kise Nam, Jeong Hoon Kim, Jae Young Choi, Jun Hee Sul, Sung Kue Lee, Young Hwan Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(3):304-309.   Published online March 15, 2004
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to help determine the optimal time and method for operation of pulmonary atresia(PA) with ventricular septal defect(VSD). Methods : Seventy patients who were diagnosed as PA with VSD in the Pediatric Department of Cardiology, Severance Hospital between May, 1991 and April, 1995, were included in our study. Subjects were divided into two groups...