Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Original Article

Critical Care Medicine

Cytokine profile of Post–cardiopulmonary bypass in children

Kantara Saelim, Kanokpan Ruangnapa, Jirayut Jarutach, Pongsanae Duangpakdee, Smonrapat Surasombatpattana, Pharsai prasertsan

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(12):1015-1022. Published online September 19, 2025

Question: Can cytokine levels predict low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in children post–cardiopulmonary bypass?
Finding: Elevated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were associated with LCOS, with an increase in IL-8 of >56 pg/mL from baseline to immediately postoperative being the strongest predictor.
Meaning: Monitoring immediately postoperative IL-8 levels may help identify pediatric patients at risk of LCOS, enabling timely interventions to improve outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00836

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Variation in clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury in young children undergoing cardiac surgery

Hee Sun Baek, Youngok Lee, Hea Min Jang, Joonyong Cho, Myung Chul Hyun, Yeo Hyang Kim, Su-Kyeong Hwang, Min Hyun Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):151-156. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 9 Crossref 9

Question: Can clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury vary on the clinical circumstances?
Finding: In young children undergoing cardiac surgery, urine KIM-1/Cr level peaked at 24 hours with significant difference from baseline level and was significantly higher at 6 hours in the AKI group. However, urine NGAL/Cr and IL-18/Cr levels showed no specific trend with time for 48 hours after cardiac surgery.
Meaning: Urine KIM-1/Cr concentration could be considered a good biomarker for early AKI prediction after open cardiac surgery in young children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00913

Case Report

Coronary artery fistula associated with single coronary artery

Seong Man Kim, Min Seob Song, Kwang Hyun Cho, Chul Ho Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1118-1122. Published online October 15, 2008

A case of a single coronary artery complicated with a coronary artery fistula (CAF) to the right ventricle is extremely rare, and its management strategy and prognosis are not clear. A 5-year-old boy was hospitalized for evaluation of a continuous heart murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography suggested a CAF to the right ventricle, with an enlarged left coronary artery. Cardiac catheterization...

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Surgical removal of a left ventricular thrombus caused by acute myocarditis

Kyu Ha Lee, Min Jung Yoon, Mi Young Han, Sa Jun Chung, Soo Cheol Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(6):588-591. Published online June 15, 2007

Left ventricular thrombus is mainly caused by anterior myocardial infarction or severe cardiac wall dysfunction of the apex, and is rarely caused by a complication of acute myocarditis. A 12-year-old female who developed symptoms of motor dysphasia and incomplete hemiparesis of the right side was admitted to the hospital. The brain MRI taken on the day of her admission showed...

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Original Article

Thyroid Function Studies in Patients Who Underwent Open Heart Surgery

Hyung Joo Sohn, Yu In Park, Chang Sung Son, Joo Won Lee, Young Chang Tockg

Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(9):1250-1255. Published online September 15, 1998

Purpose : Alteration in the serum level of thyroid hormone can occur following open heart surgery due to major stress and hemodilution after extracorporeal circulation but these changes have been ignored. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of thyroid hormone level after open heart surgery and if these changes influence the prognosis. Methods : We evaluated 26...

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Acute Renal Failure Following Cardiac Surgery

Kang Yong Park, Yeon Ho Choi, Tae Sun Ha, Il Soo Ha, Hae Il Cheong, Yong Choi, Kwang Wook Ko, Joon Ryang Rho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(9):1198-1209. Published online September 15, 1992

A retrospective study of 452 patients who undertook cardiac surgery was performed to determine the pevalence, etiology, and clinical features of postoperative acute renal failure(ARF). The overall incidence of ARF following cardiac surgery was 4.65%(21/452). The incidence of ARF following open heart surgery(OHS) was 5.11%, and that following closed heart surgery was 2.50%. Preoperactive risk factors noted in the development...

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