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Review Article
Infection
Updates on the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine and consideration in children
Hyun Mi Kang, Eun Hwa Choi, Yae-Jean Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(7):328-338.   Published online June 21, 2021
· The number of coronavirus disease 2019 cases has exponentially increased worldwide, and children ≤19 years old account for 11.0% of all confirmed cases.
· mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, and adenoviral vector vaccines, AZD1222 and Ad26.COV2.S, authorized for emergency use in the Emergency Use Listing of the World Health Organization are reviewed.
· Clinical trials of these vaccines have shown that they are safe and serious adverse reactions are rarely observed.
Recommendation for use of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate, and hepatitis B vaccine in infants
Hye-Kyung Cho, Su Eun Park, Yae-Jean Kim, Dae Sun Jo, Yun-Kyung Kim, Byung-Wook Eun, Taek-Jin Lee, Jina Lee, Hyunju Lee, Ki Hwan Kim, Eun Young Cho, Jong Gyun Ahn, Eun Hwa Choi; The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(12):602-607.   Published online June 8, 2021
∙ Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b-hepatitis B (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB) was licensed in Korea in April 2020.
∙ DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB is indicated as a 3-dose primary series for infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months who received the standalone HepB vaccine at birth.
∙ Infants born to HepB surface antigen-positive mothers are currently recommended to be immunized with HepB immunoglobulin at birth and then monovalent HepB vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months.
Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents: Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society, 2018
Eun Hwa Choi, Su Eun Park, Yae-Jean Kim, Dae Sun Jo, Yun-Kyung Kim, Byung-Wook Eun, Taek-Jin Lee, Jina Lee, Hyunju Lee, Ki Hwan Kim, Hye-Kyung Cho, Eun Young Cho, Jong-Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(7):252-256.   Published online July 15, 2019
The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger in the 9th (2018) edition of Immunization guideline. This report provides the revised recommendations made by the committee and summarizes several changes from the 2015 guideline. National immunization program (NIP) launched a human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization for girls...
Infection
Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents: Immunization Guideline (8th edition) released by the Korean Pediatric Society in 2015
Jong-Hyun Kim, Eun Hwa Choi, Su Eun Park, Yae-Jean Kim, Dae Sun Jo, Yun-Kyung Kim, Byung-Wook Eun, Jina Lee, Soo-Young Lee, Hyunju Lee, Ki Hwan Kim, Kyung-Hyo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(12):461-465.   Published online December 31, 2016

This report includes the recommended immunization schedule table for children and adolescents based on the 8th (2015) and revised 7th (2012) Immunization Guidelines released by the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society (KPS). Notable revised recommendations include: reorganization of the immunization table with a list of vaccines on the vertical axis and the corresponding age on the...

Efficacy and effectiveness of extended-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
Hyunju Lee, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(2):55-66.   Published online February 24, 2014

The 7-valent pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been shown to be highly efficacious against invasive pneumococcal diseases and effective against pneumonia and in reducing otitis media. The introduction of PCV7 has resulted in major changes in the epidemiology of pneumococcal diseases. However, pneumococcal vaccines induce serotype-specific immunity, and a relative increase in non-vaccine serotypes has been reported following the...

Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents: the Korean Pediatric Society, 2013
Dae Sun Jo, Jong-Hyun Kim, Eun Hwa Choi, Su Eun Park, Yae-Jean Kim, Yun Kyung Kim, Jina Lee, Byung Wook Eun, Soo Young Lee, Hyunju Lee, Ki Hwan Kim, Kyung-Hyo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(6):231-234.   Published online June 21, 2013

This article contains the recommended immunization schedule by the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society, updated in March 2013, when Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine is now included in the National Immunization Program in Korea. It also includes catch-up immunization schedule for children and adolescents who are behind the recommended schedule. These schedules are a minor revision...

Recommendation for use of the newly introduced pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccines in Korea
Eun Hwa Choi, Kyung Hyo Kim, Yae Jean Kim, Jong Hyun Kim, Su Eun Park, Hoan Jong Lee, Byung Wook Eun, Dae Sun Jo, Kyong Min Choi, Young Jin Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(4):146-151.   Published online April 30, 2011

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of invasive infections including bacteremia and meningitis, as well as mucosal infections such as otitis media and pneumonia among children and adults. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed for use among infants and young children in many countries including Korea. The routine use of PCV7 has resulted in a decreased incidence of...

Recommendation for the use of newly introduced Tdap vaccine in Korea
Kyong Min Choi, Kyung Hyo Kim, Yae-Jean Kim, Jong-Hyun Kim, Su Eun Park, Hoan Jong Lee, Byung Wook Eun, Dae Sun Jo, Eun Hwa Choi, Young Jin Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(4):141-145.   Published online April 30, 2011

Pertussis is an acute respiratory infection characterized by paroxysmal cough and inspiratory whoop for over 2 weeks. The incidence of pertussis has decreased markedly after the introduction of DTwP/DTaP vaccine, but the incidence of pertussis has increased steadily among young infant and among adolescents and adults in many countries. Td vaccine was used in this age group but the increase...

Original Article
Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin according to initial dosing regimen in pediatric patients
Dae Il Kim, Mi Sun Im, Jin Hyoung Choi, Jina Lee, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(12):1000-1005.   Published online December 31, 2010
Purpose

This study aimed to determine the optimal initial vancomycin dose to achieve appropriate trough levels in pediatric patients.

Methods

We analyzed clinical data for 309 children treated with intravenous vancomycin between 2004 and 2009 at 2 different hospitals in South Korea. The patients were 1-16 years old and exhibited normal renal function. Patient data, including reason for treatment and initial dosing regimen,...

Detection of genetic mutations associated with macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chi Eun Oh, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):178-183.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : The aim of this study was to identify mutations associated with macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and to establish a cultural method to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from 62 children diagnosed with MP pneumonia by a serologic method or polymerase chain reaction. The 23S rRNA and L4 ribosomal protein genes of MP...
Association between Kawasaki disease and acute respiratory viral infections
Eun Young Cho, Byung Wook Eun, Nam Hee Kim, Jina Lee, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee, Jung Yun Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1241-1248.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is still unknown. Recently, an association between human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) and KD was implicated. Hence, we attempted to determine the association between KD and acute respiratory viral infections. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were obtained from 54 patients diagnosed with KD at the Seoul National University (SNU) Children’s Hospital and SNU-Bundang Hospital...
Review Article
Emergence of macrolide resistance and clinical use of macrolide antimicrobials in children
Eun Hwa Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1031-1037.   Published online October 15, 2008
Macrolide antimicrobial agents including erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children. Newer macrolides that have structural modifications of older drug erythromycin show improved change in the spectrum of activity, dosing, and administration. However, recent studies reported that increasing use of macrolide antibiotics is the main force driving the development of...
Erratum
Provisional update on varicella vaccination in Korea, 2008
Eun Hwa Choi, Kyung Hyo Kim, Jong-Hyun Kim, Su Eun Park, Seon Hee Shin, Sung Hee Oh, Hoan Jong Lee, Dae Sun Jo, Jae Kyun Hur, Young Jin Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(6):665-667.   Published online June 15, 2008
Original Article
Clinical characteristics of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring mechanical ventilation in neonatal period and early infancy
Seung Han Shin, Jae Ri Kim, Jin-A Lee, Chang Won Choi, Ee-Kyung Kim, Eun Hwa Choi, Han-Suk Kim, Beyong Il Kim, Hoan Jong Lee, Jung-Hwan Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(4):372-376.   Published online April 15, 2008
Purpose : To identify clinical characteristics of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in neonatal period and early infancy and provide information in clinical practice. Methods : Twelve neonates and young infants (<6 months) who were infected by respiratory syncytial virus and required mechanical ventilation between March 2005 and July 2007 were enrolled. Diagnosis of RSV infection was made based on the...
Erratum
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
Kyung Hyo Kim, Jong-Hyun Kim, Su Eun Park, Seon Hee Shin, Sung Hee Oh, Hoan Jong Lee, Dae Sun Jo, Eun Hwa Choi, Jae Kyun Hur, Young Jin Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(8):811-819.   Published online August 15, 2007
Rotavirus Vaccine
Su Eun Park, Kyung Hyo Kim, Jong-Hyun Kim, Seon Hee Shin, Sung Hee Oh, Hoan Jong Lee, Dae Sun Jo, Eun Hwa Choi, Jae Kyun Hur, Young Jin Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(8):803-810.   Published online August 15, 2007
Review Article
Diagnostic approach to the fever of unknown origin in children - Emphasis on the infectious diseases -
Eun Hwa Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(2):127-131.   Published online February 15, 2007
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) has been a convenient term used to classify patients who warrant a particular systemic approach to diagnostic evaluation and management. The greatest clinical concern in evaluating FUO is identifying patients whose fever has a serious or life-threatening cause when a delay in diagnosis could jeopardize successful intervention. Thorough history and complete physical examination are critical...
Original Article
Clinical Entities and Etiology of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Apparently Healthy Children
Joon Ho Lee, Eun Kyoung Song, Jin A Lee, Nam Hee Kim, Dong Ho Kim, Ki Won Park, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1193-1200.   Published online November 15, 2005
ilus influenzae has been declined to 4% each from 23% and 14%, respectively, compared to previous study. S. agalactiae was the most common isolate in the infants ≤3 months. Among the infants and children aged 3 months to 2 years and children of 2-5 years, S. pneumoniae(57%, 52%, respectively, in each group) was the most common isolates followed by S....
Difference in the Transcriptional Activity of the Interleukin-4 Promoter Haplotypes
Eun Hwa Choi, Hee Sup Kim, Stephen J. Chanock, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):495-499.   Published online May 15, 2005
Purpose : Interleukin-4(IL-4) is a critical component of the Th2 cytokine pathway and contributes to severity of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) bronchiolitis. Previous studies observed an association between severe RSV bronchiolitis in Korean children with a common haplotype of the IL4 promoter. This study was performed to investigate functional differences of the variant IL4 promoter haplotypes. Methods : Genomic DNA was obtained...
Medical Lecture Course
Impact of Host Genetics on Susceptibility and Outcome of Viral Infections
Eun Hwa Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(8):815-820.   Published online August 15, 2004
The generation of a draft sequence of the human genome has lead to an opportunity to characterize human diversity, including the differences in host response to numerous pathogens. Host responses upon exposure to a pathogen can determine the wide spectrum of illness from subclinical or mild to severe diseases. Host factors, particularly genetic backgrounds, influence the pathogenesis of infectious diseases....
Original Article
Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infections Due to Extended-spectrum β-lactamase Producing Escherichia coli in Children
Nam Hee Kim, Jin A Lee, Yun Kyung Kim, Eun Hwa Choi, Il Soo Ha, Hoan Jong Lee, Yong Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(2):164-169.   Published online February 15, 2004
Purpose : This study was performed to identify risk factors for urinary tract infection(UTI) by extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in children. Methods : We analyzed 125 episodes of UTI which were developed in 112 children at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital from July to December 2002. Medical records of 74 episodes of UTI caused by E. coli were reviewed in...
Etiology and Clinical Features of Acute Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Apparently Healthy children
Song Yi Nah, Jeong Yun Hong, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(12):1690-1699.   Published online December 15, 1996
Purpose : Acute lower respiratory tract infections(LRIs) are an important cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Causes of acute LRI in infants and children include bacteria, mycoplasma and respiratory viruses. Understanding of the epidemiology, etiology and clinical features of acute viral LRI is essential to improve the methods of prevention, diagnosis and management of these infections. Methods : Viral etiologic agents and clinical features of...
Studies on the Distribution of Percentiles of Skinfold Thickness and Body Mass Index among Adolescents in Seoul
Jae Sung Ko, Kang Mo Ahn, Yon Ho Choe, Eun Hwa Choi, Yong Choi, Yoon Ok An
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(6):773-779.   Published online June 15, 1996
Purpose : With development of socioeconomic status, the prevelance of adolesecnt obesity, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is increasing. Skinfold and body mass index are indirectly used measurement of obesity in clinical and epidemiologic studies. Triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and body mass index were measured in adolescents aged 12 to 17. Percentile values by age and sex and...
Infections in Children with Neoplastic Disease
Eun Hwa Choi, Jin Won Pyo, Jin Young Park, Kyung Bae Kwon, Bo Young Yun, Hee Young Shin, Hoan Jong Lee, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(3):366-377.   Published online March 15, 1995
Purpose : Infection is a major complication in patients with malignant disease. This study was performed to identify the causes and the etiologic agents of febrile infections and to characterize the clinical courses including the response to antimicrobial agents inpediatric cancer patients. Methods : This study reviewed 274 febrile episodes occurring in 163 children with neoplastic disease which were indentified prospectively...
Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis(AHC) in Children -Etiology and Clinical Characteristics-
Jin Won Pyo, Eun Hwa Choi, Jin Young Park, Hoan Jong Lee, Hae Il Cheong, Il Soo Ha, Yong Choi, Kwang Myung Kim, Hwang Choi, Je Geun Chi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(2):207-215.   Published online February 15, 1995
Purpose : AHC characterized by sudden onset of gross hematuria, dysuria and frequency oc curs in children and young adults as a self-limited disease that should be differentiated from se rious renal disorders. We have performed this study to establish the cause and characterize the clinical features of this illness in Korean children. Methods : 19 cases collected prospectively for 30...