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Review Article

Atherogenic lipid profile changes and their cardiovascular consequences across degrees of obesity in children and adolescents: a structured narrative review

Ashraf Soliman, Fawzia Alyafei, Nada Alaaraj, Noor Hamed, Shayma Ahmed, Rasha Amin

Childhood and adolescent obesity is strongly associated with an atherogenic lipid profile and silent cardiovascular injury that begins early and evolves over time. In this structured review, we synthesized PubMed-indexed evidence from the past 25 years on lipid profile changes in children and adolescents with varying degrees of obesity— overweight, obesity, and severe obesity—and their cardiovascular consequences from childhood through young adulthood, as well as interventions that improve lipid...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2026.01739 [Accepted]

Endocrinology

Testosterone therapy in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty: a PubMed-based systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis

Ashraf T. Soliman, Fawzia Alyafei, Nada Alaaraj, Noor Hamed, Shayma Ahmed, Khaled A. Siddiq, Mohammed Qusad, Mohamed AlKhalaf

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(7):531-541. Published online June 18, 2026

In boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty, a short course of low-dose testosterone consistently accelerates linear growth and advances pubertal maturation. Long-term follow-up studies do not show a clinically meaningful effect of conservative regimens on near-adult height. As the pooled quantitative evidence represents only 46 boys in 2 controlled studies, treatment should remain individualized, while larger randomized trials using standardized patient-reported outcomes are needed.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2026.00675

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Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics is an open access journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)