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Original Article
Infectious Manifestations in Childhood Leukemia
Yoon Jung Cho, Heung Sik Kim, Chin Moo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(9):1019-1030.   Published online September 15, 2001
Purpose : Infection is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children during chemotherapy for leukemia and the development of fever in neutropenic cancer patients frequently indicates infection. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate infectious manifestations during the course of leukemia. Methods : Seventy eight leukemic children who had one or more occasions of infection during hospitalization from January...
Detection Limit of Minimal Residual Disease in Leukemia Using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization
Jung Hyun Lee, So Young Kim, Hyun Hee Kim, Byung Kyu Suh, Wonbae Lee, Kyung Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(10):1364-1371.   Published online October 15, 2000
Purpose : The close relationship between the size of a tumor burden and the curability of acute leukemia is well established. Therefore, it is very important to detect residual leukemia accurately at low levels. Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) techniques rely on chromosome-specific and gene specific DNA probes to identify numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. But the detection limit of FISH...
Case Report
A Case of Relapsed Acute Promyleocytic Leukemia Induced Remission with Arsenic Trioxide(As2O3)
Jin Hye Park, Heung Sik Kim, Chin Moo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(8):1132-1136.   Published online August 15, 2000
Acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) is a unique entity in the spectrum of acute myelogenous leukemia. It has several characteristic features, including distinctive morphology, chromosomal translocation, t(15:17), disseminated intravascular coagulation and effect on retinoic acid. Retinoic acid which is a derivative of vitamin A induces differentation of APL cells in vitro and in vivo, but its cessation induces relapse of APL. Arsenic...
A Case of Acute Leukemia Remitted by Adding Cyclosporin-A Previously Failed with Induction Therapy
Seat Byeoul Park, Byung Kyu Choe, Heung Sik Kim, Chin Moo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(7):988-992.   Published online July 15, 2000
Clinical chemotherapy refractoriness is characterized by resistance to multiple drugs. Multidrug resistance(MDR) is caused by over-reactivity of a unidirectional drug efflux pump, transmembrane glycoprotein(P-glycoprotein), which is encoded by the MDR1 gene. P-glycoprotein leads to increased drug efflux and decreased intracellular drug concentration. Clinical trials that attempt to reverse or modulate MDR have been done. Cyclosporin-A and verapamil are the most extensively studied agents and several...
Original Article
A Study of Clinical Features of Acute Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Children
Ick-Jin Song, Young-Tak Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(7):952-958.   Published online July 15, 2000
Purpose : Tumor lysis syndrome is characterized by hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia due to destruction of tumor cells. The purpose of this study is to estimate in children the incidence, onset time, differences in outcomes between hemodialysis and conservative therapy, and predictive factor of tumor lysis syndrome before treatment with chemotherapy. Methods : Subjects were 108 children who had received...
Clinical Manifestation of Childhood Acute Leukemia with Bone Involvement
Kyoung Eun Jeong, Hee Jung Lee, Kwang Soon Song, Heung Sik Kim, Chin Moo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(6):806-813.   Published online June 15, 2000
Purpose : Bone involvement is known to develop in 40-70% of pediatric acute leukemia. We aimed to analyze the clinical course and result of therapy in pediatric acute leukemia with bone involvement. Methods : Twenty-seven patients diagnosed as pediatric acute leukemia at Dong San Medical Center from Jan. 1996 to Aug. 1998 were evaluated. According to bone X-ray and whole body...
Anticancer Effect of Arsenic Trioxide in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Ki Young Song, Jin Hye Park, Yoon Jung Cho, Won Ki Baek, Ki Young Kwon, Heung Sik Kim, Chin Moo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(3):327-334.   Published online March 15, 2000
Purpose : Acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL or AML, M3) represents an unique model for cancer research in terms of biological and clinical features. Since 1988, it has been widely confirmed that all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) can induce complete clinical remission in over 85% of APL patients by a differentiation process, with PML-RARα protein possibly being the direct target of ATRA. However, ATRA...
Chemosensitivity Test of Childhood Leukemic Cells
Tae Woong Ha, Su Kyung Jung, Heung Sik Kim, Chin Moo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(8):1111-1121.   Published online August 15, 1999
Purpose : The purpose of the present study is to determine the relation between in vitro resistance to 9 drugs, measured with colorimetric methylthiazol tetrazolium(MTT) assay and prognostic factors. Methods : Thirty children with leukemia were evaluated at the pediatric department of Dongsan Medical Center. All samples tested with the MTT assay contained 80% or more leukemic cells, which were isolated...
Case Report
A Case of Ectopic CD7(+) Congenital Monocytic Leukemia
Na Yeon Kim, Dong Seok Lee, Jin Hwa Jeong, Sung Min Cho, Doo Kwun Kim, Sung Min Choi, Woo Taek Kim, Kyung Im Ha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(7):1003-1007.   Published online July 15, 1999
Congenital acute leukemia is a rare disorder with approximately 200 cases reported. It is defined as a childhood leukemia occurring at birth or before 1 month of age at a rate of 1%. Acute leukemias are generally classified according to morphology, cytochemistry and cell surface marker expression. Most leukemias conform to an ordered lineage-specific pattern of gene expression, but a...
Original Article
Treatment Outcomes in Children with High-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Kyu Chang Park, Ho Joon Im, Sang Yun Ahn, Hahng Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(3):383-389.   Published online March 15, 1999
Purpose : The survival rate of those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) has been affected by several prognostic factors and previous reports show that a 4-year event-free survival(EFS) for high-risk(HR) group(Age≥10 years and/or WBC≥50,000/mm3 at diagnosis) was approximately 64%. We analyzed treatment outcomes and risk factors in HR-ALL. Methods : Medical records of 27 patients with HR-ALL diagnosed between May, 1985 and...
Clinical Significance of CD7 Expression in Acute Myelocytic Leukemia
Gye Jin Yoon, Pill Sang Jang, Young Choi, Jun A Lee, Hyo Jung Han, Hyoung Soo Choi, Hee Young Shin, Joong Gon Kim, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(3):374-382.   Published online March 15, 1999
Purpose : It has been shown that a considerable number of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients had both myeloid and lymphoid antigens. CD7 is a lymphoid antigen, often expressed in AML cells. We investigated 40 AML patients to clarify the relationship between the cellular characteristics and clinical features. Methods : We reviewed 8 CD7 positive(CD7＋) AML patients and 32 CD7 negative(CD7－)...
Case Report
A Case of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Transformed from Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder with Down Syndrome
Jae Eun Lee, Seung Woo Baeck, Wan Seob Kim, Chun Hee Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(1):128-132.   Published online January 15, 1999
Individuals with Down syndrome have a high incidence of hematologic diseases such as transient myeloproliferative disorder(TMD) & acute leukemia. Because it is difficult to distinguish TMD from acute myeloblastic leukemia, the diagnosis in neonate, who have Down syndrome, should be made with extreme caution. TMD usually undergoes spontaneous remission within a few months, but acute leukemia can develope after remission...
A Case of Secondary Hemosiderosis and Hepatic Fibrosis in a Pateint with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Hyoung No Kim, Jae Won Huh, Jae Sun Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(3):420-424.   Published online March 15, 1998
Chronic iron overload is associated with life-threatening complications, such as cardiomyopathy, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and hypogonadism. We experienced a case of secondary hemosiderosis with hepatic fibrosis in a 8-year-old boy who had been transfused 56 pints of packed red blood cells for a supportive therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia for a 27-month period. Intramuscular injection of Desferroxamine(40mg/kg/day) was...
Original Article
Induction Chemotherapy with BH-AC, Idarubicin, and 6-Thioguanine in Childhood Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Hyo Jeong Han, Hyoung Jin Kang, Jun Ah Lee, Hyoung Soo Choi, Hyeon Jin Park, Ki Woong Seong, Eun Sun Yoo, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(2):209-215.   Published online February 15, 1998
Purpose : We have undertaken this study to evaluate the effects of induction chemotherapy involving BH-AC, idarubicin, and 6-thioguanine(6-TG). Methods : BH-AC 300mg/m2/day was administered intravenously over three hours for seven consecutive days. Idarubicin 12mg/m2/day was administered intravenously for three days. 6-TG 100 mg/m2/day was administered orally for seven days. Intrathecal ara-C was administered on the first day of treatment. Results...
Case Report
A Case of Congenital Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia with Down Syndrome
Nan Yee Kye, Kon Hee Lee, Jae Kook Cha, Hye Sun Yoon, Won Keun Song
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(4):578-583.   Published online April 15, 1997
We experienced a case of congenital acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with Down syndrome. The patient was admitted due to characteristic facial figure of Down syndrome and abdominal distension. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia was diagnosed with abundant megakaryoblast in peripheral blood smear, severe myelofibrosis in bone marrow biopsy and positive platelet glycoprotein Ⅲa receptor. On third hospital day, the patient expired due to DIC...
A Case of Granular Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with t(5p;5p) Arising in Down Syndrome Infant
Soon Ja Lee, Young Ho An, Hai Lee Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(3):417-422.   Published online March 15, 1997
Granular lymphoblast which is characterized by the presence of clearly defined azurophilic cytoplasmic granules are a relatively uncommon finding and indicate a negative impact on prognosis of childhood ALL. Granular ALL is more common in FAB L2 cases but there is no significant difference by immunophenotype and no specific cytogenetic abnormality correlated with clinical significance of granular ALL has been reported. We present a case...
Original Article
Mucormycosis in Leukemic Children
Seung Ghon Nam, Eun Wha Choi, Jin Young Park, Jong Jae Kim, Hee Young Shin, Hoan Jong Lee, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(3):379-388.   Published online March 15, 1996
Purpose : Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by one of the ubiquitous fungi of the order Mucorales, occurring almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts such as patients with diabetes, leukemia and lymphoma. Recently the incidence of mucormycosis is rising associated with the increasing predisposing factors such as cytotoxic drugs and immunosuppressive agents. Though mucormycosis is frequently fatal, there has...
The Effect of Cranial Irradiation on Growth of Children with Lymphatic Origin Tumors
Jin Seoup Jung, Yon Sook Rho, Sang Woo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(5):666-671.   Published online May 15, 1994
A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the effects of CNS prophylaxis with 1,800cGy cranial irradiation on standing height growth of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL). Seventeen longterm survivors (DFS over 5 years) of ALL and Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma who had been admitted at pediatric department of Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital from January 1982 to September 1988 were studied. The long term...
A Clinical Study on Childhood Leukemia
Joo Huh, Jong Bum Shin, Soon Yong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(5):655-665.   Published online May 15, 1994
Clinical analysis of 170 patients with childhood leukemia was made, who were admitted to the department o Pediatrics, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, College of Medicine during 10 years from 1981 to 1990. The results were as follows: 1) The annual number of the patients with childhood leukemia was in the range of 6~25 cases. And the annual rate of the...
Primary Cutaneous Aspergillosis in Leukemic Children
Jin Young Park, Mee Ran Kim, Hee Young Shin, Hoan Jong Lee, Hyo Seop Ahn, Je Guen Chi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(4):520-526.   Published online April 15, 1994
Primary cutaneous aspergillosis is rare. In this report we describe primary skin infection by Aspergillus in 9 children with leukemia. The skin lesion was characterized clinically by erythematous macule and papule associated with pain and itching, followed by a rapid progression to ulcer and central black eschars with raised erythematous border at the site of venipuncture, insertion of intravenous cannula,...
Coxiella Burnetii Infection In Patients With Various Diseases
Kyo Sun Kim, Won Young Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(3):356-367.   Published online March 15, 1994
Coxiella burnetii(C. burneii) was first recognzed as the agent of Q fever in 1937. Q fever is an acute self-limited febrile illness. However, it manifests with several clinical symptoms depending upon the organs that are involved. The association of C. burnetii with human neoplasia has been rarely reported. We prospectively studied the 55 patients with fever of unknown origin, pneumonia, hepatos-plenomegaly,...
Renal size as a Prognostic Factor in Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Soo Kyung Yun, Chang Hyun Yang, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Seung Hwan Oh, Kir Young Kim, Myung Joon Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(2):174-179.   Published online February 15, 1994
The Kidney size is of special interest during the diagnostic work up of acute lymphocytic leukemia. But is still uncertain whether a finding of kidney enlargement at presentation has long-term prognostic value. We therefore reviewed the kidney size in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia by abdominal ultrasonograms at the time of diagnosis (n=54) and examined if there was any statistical...
Intermittent Central Nervous System Irradiation and Intrathecal Chemotherapy for Recurrent Central Nervous System Leukemia in Children
Joon Ho Bang, Nak Gyun Chung, Woo Gun Choi, Hack Ki Kim, Kyong Su Lee, Man Kyu Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(8):1067-1072.   Published online August 15, 1993
Between 1986 and 1990, four children with recurrent CNS leukemia who had previous NS prophylaxis therapy were treated with intermittent central nervous system irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy (IIC). There was no isolated CNS recurrence. One patient died from bone marrow relapse. Three patients are alive without evidence of disease for 33/12 year to 36/12 years after the diagnosis of recurrence...
Plasma Levels of Oral Methotrexate in Children Receiving Maintenance Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Soo Kwan Lee, Kih Yeon Song, Young Hee Hwang, Young Hwan Lee, Jeong Ok Hah, Chun Dong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(7):936-943.   Published online July 15, 1993
This study was conducted to investigate plasma levels of oral methotrexate in rabbits and children receiving maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Eight New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2kg in body weight, were divided into 3 groups and 5mg of methotrexate from 3 different manufactorying company was administered to the each group rabbits via nasogastric tube. Time to peak concentration ranged from...
A Clinical Study of Testicular Relapse in Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Hye Ok Roh, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Seung Hwan Oh, Chang Hyun Yang, Kir Young Kim, Byung Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(5):680-686.   Published online May 15, 1993
From January 1984 to June 1991, we studied testicular relapsed patients among 105 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics and Yonse Cancer Center, Yonsei University Severance Hospital. The results were as follows: 1) 15 out of 105(14.4%) cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia were diagnosed as testicular relapse. According to the prevalence by the...
Case Report
Recurrent Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis - A Case Report
Ho Sung Kim, Jin Young Park, Bo Young Yun, Eun Sil Dong, Hee Young Shin, Hoan Jong Lee, Hyo Seop Ahn, Je Geun Chi, Myung Whun Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(4):589-595.   Published online April 15, 1993
A case of recurrent rhinocerebral mucormycosis that has occurred during an induction chemotherapy for acute megakaryocytic leukemia in a 10 year-old boy is reported. He had suffered from high fever, proptosis, right eye ball pain and necrotic inflammation of hard palate during the chemotherapy of leukemia. CT scan of the paranasal sinus showed inflammatory change of right ethmoid and maxillary...
Original Article
A Clinical Study of Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Children
Seong Hoon Hah, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(4):556-567.   Published online April 15, 1993
Myelodysplastic syndrome is a heterogeneous disease complex which is basically a clonal disorder and has characteristics of cytopenia of one or more cell series in peripheral blood and of dyspoiesis of precurosirs in bone marrow. Since the nature of this disease in childhooh is very different from that in adults, retrospective clinical study was performed with 17 confirmed patients who...
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in Children
Hong Hoe Koo, Sang Kyu Park, Eun Sil Dong, Hye Jung Park, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(1):9-16.   Published online January 15, 1993
We analyzed the clinical and laboratory features of ten children with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) and compared the findings with those reported in the literature. The diagnosis was supported by ultrastructural examination of platelet peroxidase or immunophenotyping for glycoprotein Iib/IIIa. Of the ten children, five were girls and five were boys. The median age at diagnosis was 13 months. Two...
Case Report
Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis : A case Report
Kyuchul Choeh, Hae Jin Choeh, Jung Hae Park, Chong Sung Chung, Won Sil Huh, Hyun Sook Chi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(9):1267-1271.   Published online September 15, 1992
We experienced a case of rhinocerebral form of mucormycosis in a 9-year-old male suffered from acute lymphocytic leukemia(FAB L2). On 15th day of induction chemotherapy(Hospital day 23) pain, tenderness and swelling on left maxillary sinus. He expired on Hospital day 47.
Original Article
Incidence Estimation of Leukemia among Korean Children
Hong Hoe Koo, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn, Yoon-Ok Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(1):80-87.   Published online January 15, 1992
Leukemia is a neoplasm arising from the malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells. The incidence data of leukemia have not been available for Korean as a whole. The present study was therefore undertaken in order to estimate the incidence of childhood leukemia among Korean. The study population of this investigation was the beneficiaries of the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC) during the period...