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Neonatal care in a low-birthrate society: insights from population-based observations in Japan

Hirokazu Arai, Hiroshi Miura, Yohei Onodera, Hiroyuki Adachi, Akira Sato, Tomoo Ito, Masaru Mizuno

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(8):683-685. Published online July 24, 2026

Declining birth rates are reshaping neonatal care. In low-birthrate settings, shifts in the underlying causes of neonatal death, including greater use of perinatal palliative care for trisomy 18 and challenges in maintaining expertise in extremely low-birth-weight infants, may contribute to fluctuations in neonatal mortality. These observations highlight the need for a coordinated system-level support.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2026.01095

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