|
|
Purpose : Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Serum levels of TNF-α are elevated in many human cardiac related pathogenic conditions, including heart failure. It is well known that TNF-α inhibits myocardial contractility and induces apoptosis of adult rat cardiomyocytes via stimulation of TNF receptor 1. But pathophysiologically relevant... |
