To determine the relationship between vaginal reflux (VR) and urinary tract infection (UTI) in female children aged <36 months. A single center retrospective study was performed for 191 girls aged <36 months, with a diagnosis of febrile UTI, who underwent a voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) for assessment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) at Sanggye Paik Hospital. Fifty-one girls, who underwent VCUG for assessment... |
To identify the relationship between dietary habits and childhood gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in preschool children. We performed a questionnaire study to analyze the relationship between dietary habits and GERD in 85 preschool children with GERD and 117 healthy children of the same age. Irregular and picky eating were more p–revalent in the GERD group than in the control group (odds ratio... |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs in pediatric patients when reflux of gastric contents presents with troublesome symptoms. The present study compared the effects of omeprazole and ranitidine for the treatment of symptomatic GERD in infants of 2-12 months. This study was a clinical randomized double-blind trial and parallel-group comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine performed at Children Training Hospital in Tabriz, Iran.... |
Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a serious bacterial infection that can cause renal scarring in children. Early identification of APN is critical to improve treatment outcomes. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic marker of many diseases, but it has not yet been established in urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of this study was to determine whether NLR is a... |
To evaluate the practical applications of the diagnosis algorithms recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics urinary tract infection (UTI) guideline. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of febrile UTI patients aged between 2 and 24 months. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group I (patients with positive urine culture and urinalysis findings), group II (those with positive urine culture... |
Endoscopic treatment is a minimally invasive treatment for managing patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Although several bulking agents have been used for endoscopic treatment, dextranomer/hyaluronic acid is the only bulking agent currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating VUR. Endoscopic treatment of VUR has gained great popularity owing to several obvious benefits, including short operative time,... |
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial illness in children. Acute pyelonephritis in children may lead to renal scarring with the risk of later hypertension, preeclampsia during pregnancy, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency. Until now, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been considered the most important risk factor for post-UTI renal scar formation in children. VUR predisposes children with UTI to pyelonephritis,... |
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) can improve nutritional status and reduce the amount of time needed to feed neurologically impaired children. We evaluated the characteristics, complications, and outcomes of neurologically impaired children treated with PEG. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 32 neurologically impaired children who underwent PEG between March 2002 and August 2008 at our medical center. Forty-two PEG procedures comprising... |
Purpose : To evaluate the significance of clinical signs and laboratory findings as predictors of renal parenchymal lesions and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in childhood urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods : From July 2005 to July 2008, 180 patients admitted with a first febrile UTI at the Pediatric Department of Konkuk University Hospital were included in this study. The following were... |
H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is extremely rare in infants and children, and clinical manifestations of this condition are diverse based on its severity. Some cases of congenital TEF diagnosed in adulthood have been reported, which indicate the difficulty of early diagnosis of this disease. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) may induce chronic aspiration, pulmonary aspiration, apparent life-threatening events, and failure to thrive.... |
Vallecular cyst is an uncommon but potentially dangerous condition causing stridor and has been associated with sudden airway obstruction resulting in death due to its anatomical location in neonates. It may also present with various degrees of feeding problems resulting in failure to thrive. When a vallecular cyst is suspected clinically, endoscopic laryngoscopy is necessary to visualize it. Other conditions... |
Purpose : We evaluated the occurrence of renal scarring in children with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux(VUR), and the relationships between renal scar formation and risk factors such as VUR, duration of fever, acute-phase reactant, age, and sex. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the data of 35 children newly diagnosed with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux after urinary tract infection(UTI) in Wallace Memorial Baptist... |
Sandifer syndrome is a rare manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux in children, occurring in association with abnormal movement of the head and neck and recurrent episodes of seizure after feeding. This syndrome may be misdiagnosed as infantile seizure and musculoskeletal disorder and may be associated with failure to thrive, anemia, aspiration pneumonia, and esophagitis. In this paper, Sandifer syndrome in a... |
Purpose : This study aimed to examine the excretion of various urinary proteins in children with a history of urinary tract infection(UTI), with or without vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) or reflux nephropathy, and to identify means of predicting the severity of VUR or the presence of reflux nephropathy as indicated by these markers, and to know how these markers are changed after... |
Purpose : Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) is defined as a retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract. It has been shown to predispose patients to hypertension, renal scarring, and end-stage renal failure if not recognized and treated. The observation that VUR occurs in siblings of children with reflux at a significantly higher rate than the general pediatric... |
Purpose : The objectives of this study were to investigate the causes of chronic cough and to establish the appropriate diagnostic approach to chronic cough in children. Methods : One hundred and thirty two cases of chronic cough were prospectively evaluated. They visitors to pediatric chronic cough clinics at Kang-nam saint Mary's Hospital of Catholic University from August 2000 to... |
Herniation of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the posterior mediastinum is a commom affliction of humans. The incidence of hiatal hernia is difficult to determine because of the absence of symptoms in a large number of patients. Hiatal hernias are classified into two major types; type I sliding hiatal hernia and type II paraesophageal hiatal hernia. Sliding hernia... |
Purpose : The pathophysiologic mechanisms and risk factors of renal functional deterioration are still controversial. We analyzed the factors associated with renal failure in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux. Methods : The medical records of 166 children who were diagnosed with primary vesicoureteral reflux from Jan. 1985 to Dec. 1996 in the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital... |
Purpose : We investigated the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) by 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring in patients who had chronic cough for more than 3 weeks. Methods : From January 1995 to August 1996, 33 patients with chronic cough which had lasted for more than 3 weeks were enrolled in the 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. The result was interpreted with the... |
Purpose : Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) is the major cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Prolonged untreated UTI associated with VUR may result in serious complications, such as renal scarring, renal atropy, and decreased renal function. Therefore, follow up must be continued until UTI is cured completely, to prevent of serious complication. The authors conducted this study to evaluate results of the follow-up of... |
Purpose : The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the feeding (fastingpostprandial) and the state of alertness(awake-asleep) on the amount of gastroesophageal reflux by using 24hour esophageal pH metry. Methods : From July 1994 to June 1995, 32 cases of 24 hour esophageal pH metry had been done at the Asan Medical Center. Twenty three children with normal pH monitoring and... |
Hematemesis is not infrequent occurences in the neonatal period. Physician' s first task is to determine whether this blood is maternal in origin or whether the infant is bleeding internally. Fetal blood indicates one of a variety of lesions and its source may be difficult to determine. The causes are esophagitis, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodernum, hemorrhagic disease and pulmonary hemorrhage etc. We... |
Congenital megacalyces is a congenital renal disease characterized by hypoplasia of the medulla and a non-obstructive dilatation of the calyces. More than 100 cases have been reported in the literature after first described by Puigvert in 1963, but it has been reported only three cases(two cases of adults and one case of child) in the literatures in Korea. The etiology of the congenital megacalyces... |
Purpose : Urinary tract infection(UTI) in children may be cause of end stage renal failure and hypertension. So, early detection of renal scar, vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) and anomaly, and proper management are important. We carried this study to observe the significance of 24 hours urine β2-microglobulin(β2-MG) for predicting renal injury and correlation of β2-MG with the grade of VUR. Methods : We... |
Purpose : Because some patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) may combine vesicoureteral reflux and progress to reflux nephropathy, the early diagnosis and treatment of UTI are important. We have performed this study to recognize the meaning of the radiologic examination centering around technetium 99m- labelled dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan(DMSA scan) in pediatric UTI patients. Methods : We have studied 55... |
The vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is frequently found among the patients with urinary tract infection (UIT) and some patients with VUR progress to reflux nephropathy. The presence of scarring at UIT is an important determinant in the selection of those at risk of progressive damage. 99m Technetium dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) is a renal scanning agent provides a good quality of renal image... |
The authors studied 25 cases with urinary tract infection associated with vesicoureteral reflux who were admitted to department of pediatrics, National Medical Center. The patients were managed medically or surgically and followed up. The results were summarized as follows; 1) There were no difference in age and sex distributions of the 25 cases with vesicoureteral reflux. 2) The degree of reflux classified by International... |
It has been well established that the gastroesophageal reflux and chronic respiratory problem were closely related. Several reports in pediatric literature have implicated the aspiration of gasrtric contents as a trigger factor of cough, wheezing, and recurrent pulmonary disease. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed whereby acidic gastric content can trigger bronchospasm and, in turn, bronchospams can trigger gastroesopohageal reflux. Several tests,... |
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by polydipsia and polyuria resulting from failure of the renal tubules and collecting ducts to respond to antidiuretic hormone despite elevated blood levels of antidiuretic hormone. We experienced a case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in 13 months-old girl probably secondary to vesicoureteral reflux grade IV. The clinical manifestations were extreme thirst, polydipsia and polyuria. Family history was nonspecific and... |
The vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) is frequently found among the patients with urinary tract infection(UTI) and progress to reflux nphropathy and even renal failure. So, early detection and pr er treatment are important to prevent renal damage. The authors studied 221 patients with UTI admitted at Sowha children’s hospital from January, 1985 to June, 1988. Intravenous pyelography and voiding cystourethrography were performed in all patient with UTI. The... |