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Review Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Gyu Hong Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(9):384-394.   Published online December 28, 2022
· Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is among the most common causes of nongenetic sensorineural hearing loss.
· Congenital CMV is initially treated with intravenous ganciclovir for 2–6 weeks and switched to oral valganciclovir, or with oral valganciclovir for the entire 6-month period.
· Infants with congenital CMV require periodic monitoring of absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, liver function tests, audiological, ophthalmological, and developmental tests during antiviral medication.
Original Article
Gastroenterology
Characteristics and prognosis of hepatic cytomegalovirus infection in children: 10 years of experience at a university hospital in Korea
Chae-Yeon Min, Joo Young Song, Su Jin Jeong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(8):261-265.   Published online August 14, 2017
Purpose

Studies on cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immunocompetent children are lacking, and minimal information is available in the medical literature on hepatic manifestations and complications of CMV. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and prognosis of children with CMV hepatitis, and to investigate its prevalence at a single medical center in Korea over a...

Case Report
Cytomegalovirus-associated esophageal ulcer in an immunocompetent infant: When should ganciclovir be administered?
Hyo-Jeong Jang, Ae Suk Kim, Jin-Bok Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(12):491-493.   Published online December 20, 2012

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated esophageal ulcer is rare in immunocompetent infants. The presence of inclusion bodies and immunohistochemical staining for CMV in biopsy specimens obtained during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) indicate that such ulcers occur because of CMV infection. A 7-week-old female infant who experienced frequent vomiting and feeding intolerance was diagnosed with a massive CMV-associated ulcer in the distal esophagus. The ulcer improved...

A case of cytomegalovirus-negative Ménétrier's disease with eosinophilia in a child
Keun Hyung Son, Jeong Ja Kwak, Jae Ock Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):293-296.   Published online August 23, 2012

Ménétrier's disease is a rare form of acquired gastropathy characterized by giant rugal folds in the stomach and protein-losing gastropathy. Children with Ménétrier's disease tend to follow a benign self-limited course with symptoms typically completely resolving within 2 to 10 weeks in contrast to the chronic course in adults. A 9-year-old girl presented with a history of gradually worsening abdominal...

Review Article
Congenital and perinatal cytomegalovirus infection
Chun Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(1):14-20.   Published online January 15, 2010
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is currently the most common agent of congenital infection and the leading infectious cause of brain damage and hearing loss in children. Symptomatic congenital CMV infections usually result from maternal primary infection during early pregnancy. One half of symptomatic infants have cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID), which is characterized by involvement of multiple organs, in particular, the reticuloendothelial and...
Case Report
Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection in an extremely premature infant transmitted via breast milk: A case report
Ji Hye Kim, Eun-Jin Chung, Hyun Kyung Park, Soo Ji Moon, Su-Mi Choi, Sung Hee Oh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1053-1058.   Published online September 15, 2009
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most commonly encountered viral pathogens in newborn infants and is found in 0.3-2.4% of all live births. It has been demonstrated that 40-96% of seropositive mothers shed the virus via their breast milk. Breast milk containing CMV can cause almost one-third of CMV infections occurring in infants. A case of postnatal CMV infection in...
Original Article
CMV antigenemia following pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : risk factors and outcomes
Eun-Young Cho, Young-Shil Park, Dae-Hyung Lee, Ji Kyoung Park, Sangrhim Choi, Sun Young Kim, Pil-Sang Jang, Dong-Gun Lee, Nak-Gyun Chung, Jong Hyun Kim, Dae-Chul Jeong, Bin Cho, Jae Gyun Hur, Jin Han Kang, Hack-Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):173-180.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : Cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection still remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after stem cell transplantation. In this study, we analyzed the results of antigenemia-guided pre- emptive therapy among children with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with CMV antigenemia, and evaluated the efficacy of the CMV antigenemia based preemptive therapy....
The alteration of the positive rate of cytomegalovirus IgG antibody among preschool period children
Se-Young Seo, Sang-Jun Park, Ja-Young Hwang, Seong-Hoon Hahn, So-Young Kim, Hyun-Hee Kim, Wonbae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(1):51-55.   Published online January 15, 2006
Purpose : In order to evaluate the time of disappearance of cytomegalovirus(CMV) IgG antibodies from mothers, and the alteration of the positive rate of CMV IgG antibodies among preschool period children, we investigated the positive rate of CMV antibodies among preschool children. Methods : We studied 391 children who visited the Department of Pediatrics from March, 2001 to February, 2004. We...
Case Report
A Case of Menetrier's Disease Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infection
Ju Rae Cho, Sung Kil Kang, Yun Hee Kim, Yon Ho Choe
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(10):1197-1200.   Published online October 15, 2001
We report the case of a 4 year-old boy with Menetrier's disease, who was presented with edema and hypoalbuminemia. Gastroduodenal endoscopy showed the characteristic features of giant hypertrophy of the gastric rugae and large quantities of adherent gelatinous material. Histologic findings revealed foveolar hyperplasia. The presence of CMV infection was identified by serology. His symptoms resolved spontaneously, and he has...
A Case of Cytomegalovirus Colitis which Occurred During Treatment of Hemophagocytic Syndrome
Sang-Nam Bae, Sung-Ryon Ahn, Yun-Jin Lee, Young-Tak Lim, Jae-Hong Park, Kyung-Un Choi, Chang-Hun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(9):1075-1080.   Published online September 15, 2001
Cytomegalovirus(CMV) colitis is an important opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals. The clinical symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, colonic hemorrhage and perforation. The endoscopic appearance shows three characteristic features with focal or diffuse inflammatory changes, submucosal hemorrhagic spots, and well demarcated ulcers. We experienced a case of CMV colitis in an 8-year-old girl presented with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, vanishing bile duct syndrome and infection-associated hemophagocytic histiocytosis, which...
Original Article
Seroepidemiolgy of Cytomegalovirus in Taejon, Korea, in 1966
Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(6):754-759.   Published online June 15, 1998
Purpose : The prevalence of cytomegalovirus(CMV) depends mainly on socioeconomic status. It is well noted that the prevalence of hepatitis A which is a representive agent of the fecal-oral route has changed since the last 10-20 years. In order to evaluate the time of primary CMV infection in childhood and to get help for interpretating the patterns of infection and prevention, we studied the...
Congenital Asymptomatic Cytomegalovirus Infection; A Comparison of Specific IgM Antibody Test and pp65 Antigenemia Assay
Jong Hyun Kim, Eun Ah Seo, Ji Hyang Lim, Sang Hee Park, Won Bae Lee, Kyong Su Lee, Sin Ho Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(2):163-169.   Published online February 15, 1998
Purpose : It is increasingly important to diagnosis asymptomatic infections which make up a majority(90%) of congenital cytomegalovirus(CMV) infections and that they may have sequeles such as sensorineural hearing loss and mental retardation. Recently antigenemia assay has been developed by using monoclonal antibodies against early structural protein pp65 of CMV. This CMV antigenemia assay seems to be more quicker to...
Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonatal and Infantile Periods Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Young Ah Lee, Kyoung Lee, In Seong Jo, Woo Gap Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(9):1271-1279.   Published online September 15, 1996
Purpose : The aims of present study were to document the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in neonatal and infantile periods especially in high-risk patients of associated infection by nested PCR of DNA from leukocytes and to evaluate the effectiveness of nested PCR in the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Methods : Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes of 204 neonates and infants during the...
Case Report
A Case Report : Ganciclovir Therapy of Cytomegalovirus Pneumonitis
Jee-Yeon Min, Soo-Jong Hong, Hyung Nam Moon, Chang Yee Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(1):142-147.   Published online January 15, 1996
Ganciclovir is an antiviral agent that is effective for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompromised hosts. But the benefits of treatment for the congenital CMV diseases are still controversial. Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis is very rare. And so, a few cases of ganciclovir therapy in CMV pneumonitis were reported. We experienced a case of a 7 month-old male infant with prolonged pneumonitis and respiratory difficulty...
Original Article
Detection of Cytomegalovirus DNA in Urine Culture Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Young Mo Sohn, Won Young Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(5):626-633.   Published online May 15, 1993
Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplication was used to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) in tissue culture from the ruine of newborns and patients who was suspected CMV infection. Synthetic oligonucleotide primer pairs were used to amplify DNA from the magor immediate-early and the phosphoprotein 150 genes of CMV AD 169. Amplified products were detected by gel electrophoresis and by dot-blot hybridization with oligonucleotide...
Case Report
Transfusion-Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infections in Two Premature Infants
Dong Wook Kim, Kyung Un No, Mi Jung Kim, Soon Mee Park, Hee Sup Kim, Young Pyo Chang, Hoan Jong Lee, Jung-Hwan Choi, Chong Ku Yun, Je Geun Chi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(8):1141-1147.   Published online August 15, 1992
Transfusion-acquired perinatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in premature infants with a birth wight of less than 1,500 gm. This recognizable syndrome consisted of deterioration of respiratory function, hepatosplenogaly, unusual gray pallor with disturbing septic appearance, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. We experienced transfusion-acquired CMV infections in 2 premature infants with a birth weight of...
Original Article
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children: The Significance of CMV Specific IgM Antibody Test and Virus Isolation in the Urine
Dong Wook Kim, Hyun Kwack, Seong Hee Jang, I Seok Kang, Hoan Jong Lee, Jung-Hwan Choi, Jeong Kee Seo, Chong Ku Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(7):890-901.   Published online July 15, 1992
The clinical pictures of 44 children with IgM antibody to CMV (cytomegalovirus) by ELISA(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) were reviewed retrospectively, and the significance of serum CMV specific IgM antibody and virus isolation in the urine was analyzed. Age of the patients with IgM antibody to CMV ranged from 23 days to 8 years 7 months, and median age was 2 months....
Hepatic Rickets in Infancy with Neonatal Hepatitis
Mi Koo Kang, Eun Young Cho, Soo Jong Hong, Ki Soo Kim, Young Seo Park, Hyung Nam Moon, Chang Yee Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(4):527-533.   Published online April 15, 1992
We had treated a hepatic rickets in 6 infants with neonatal hepatitis from June 1989 to August 1990 at Asan Medical Center. The results were as follows 1) Age of 6 patients were below 4 months and 4 patients were male, 2 patients were female. 2) The clinical findings were hepatosplenomegaly(5 cases), jaundice(4 cases), craniotabes (4 cases), failure to thrive(2 cases), hypocalcemiac seizure(2...
Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection.
Kang Woo park, Ho Seek Ahn, Eui Bon Koo, Sung Won Kim, Kil Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1990;33(9):1271-1275.   Published online September 30, 1990
We report a case of congenital cytomegalovirus infection that was associated with microcephaly, hydrocephalus and periventricular calcification. The male baby was born after 39wks gestation to 28 year-old mother who had no prenatel problem except for active pulmonary tuberculosis and pre- mature rupture of membrain. Hydrocephalus was recognized by antenatal ultrasonography at 8 weeks of geststional age and microcephaly was noted at birth. This enable...
A study of neonatal cholestasis and cytomegalovirus infection.
Moon A Kim, Ki Sup Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1989;32(11):1474-1481.   Published online November 30, 1989
A clinical assessment of 25 patients with neonatal cholestasis caused by cytomegalovirus infection who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine from January 1983 to July 1988 was performed. The results were as follows: 1) The patients with neonatal cholestasis caused by cytomegalovirus infection were 19% of the total patients with neonatal cholestasis from January 1983 to July 1988 and were...
A Case of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Associated with Cytomegalovirus Lung Infection.
K S Lee, Y O Lee, H J Park, M J Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1987;30(11):1274-1281.   Published online November 30, 1987
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been highly prevalent in prematurity, malnourished infants and immunosuppressed patients. Since 1981, it has been by far the commonest opportunistic infection in AIDS. We experienced a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with cytomegalovirus lung infection in a 3 months old malnourished female orphan. She had been suffered from chronic diarrhea, losing body weight 2 kg in a month prior...
Cluster of Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
Young Mo Sohn, Sung Sik Lee, Kwan Sub Chung, Ki Sub Chung, Seung Kyu Lee, Pyung Kil Kim, Kir Young Kim, Duk Jin Yun, Kyoung Ja Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1981;24(9):820-825.   Published online September 15, 1981
Of 7 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome reviewed, which was admitted to the Department of Pediatrics Yonsei University, College of Medicine during 3 months period from July through September 1980, serologic surveys for an infectious agent were found to be without demonstrable causes such as cytomegalovirus and measles virus. We reviewed 87 acses of Guillain-Barre syndrome, which was admitted to our...
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