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Review Article
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
Obesity and chronic kidney disease: prevalence, mechanism, and management
Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(10):511-518.   Published online April 6, 2021
· Obesity is strongly associated with the development and progression of chronic kidney disease.
· Altered renal hemodynamics, metabolic effects, and lipid nephrotoxicity may play a key role in the development of obesity-related kidney disease.
· Children born to obese mothers are at increased risk of developing obesity and chronic kidney disease later in life.
· A multilevel approach is needed to prevent obesity and related chronic diseases.
Original Article
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: a marker of urinary tract infection among febrile children
Ji Hyun Moon, Kee Hwan Yoo, Hyung Eun Yim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(7):347-354.   Published online October 17, 2020
Question: Reliably diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile children is often difficult. Can urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) better predict UTI and acute pyelonephritis (APN) than serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count?
Finding: uNGAL better facilitated the prediction of UTI and APN, than serum CRP and WBC counts in febrile children.
Meaning: uNGAL is a suitable biomarker for UTI and APN in febrile children.
Case Report
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in an 18-year-old male with prolonged nephrotic syndrome
Da Min Choi, Jung Eun Pyun, Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Jung Ok Shim, Eun Jung Lee, Nam Hee Won
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(Suppl 1):S72-S75.   Published online November 30, 2016

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease characterized by prominent eosinophilic tissue infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we report a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in an 18-year-old patient with prolonged nephrotic syndrome who presented with abdominal pain and peripheral hypereosinophilia. During the previous 2 years, he had visited local Emergency Department several times because of epigastric pain and nausea. He...

Original Article
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
Impaired angiogenesis in the enalapril-treated neonatal rat kidney
Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Eun Soo Bae, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(1):8-15.   Published online January 22, 2016
Purpose

Nephrogenesis is normally accompanied by a tightly regulated and efficient vascularization. We investigated the effect of angiotensin II inhibition on angiogenesis in the developing rat kidney.

Methods

Newborn rat pups were treated with enalapril (30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (control) for 7 days after birth. Renal histological changes were checked using Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. We also investigated the intrarenal expression of vascular...

Evaluation of new American Academy of Pediatrics guideline for febrile urinary tract infection
Da Min Choi, Tae Hoon Heo, Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(9):341-346.   Published online September 21, 2015
Purpose

To evaluate the practical applications of the diagnosis algorithms recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics urinary tract infection (UTI) guideline.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of febrile UTI patients aged between 2 and 24 months. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group I (patients with positive urine culture and urinalysis findings), group II (those with positive urine culture...

Effect of angiotensin II inhibition on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in developing rat kidney
Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo, In Sun Bae, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):944-952.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:To investigate the effects of angiotensin II inhibition on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the developing kidney, we tested the expression of EMT markers and nestin in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-treated kidneys. Methods:Newborn rat pups were treated with enalapril (30 mg/kg/d) or a vehicle for 7 days. Immunohistochemistry for the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), E-cadherin, vimentin, and nestin were...
Functional recovery after transplantation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in immature rats
Wooksun Choi, Hye Kyung Shin, So-Hee Eun, Hoon Chul Kang, Sung Won Park, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Baik-Lin Eun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):824-831.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : We aimed to investigate the efficacy of and functional recovery after intracerebral transplantation of different doses of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) in immature rat brain with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods : Postnatal 7-days-old Sprague-Dawley rats, which had undergone unilateral HI operation, were given stereotaxic intracerebral injections of either vehicle or mMSCs and then tested for locomotory activity in...
Case Report
Two cases of Smith-Magenis syndrome
Seong Kwan Jung, Kyu Hee Park, Hae Kyung Shin, So Hee Eun, Baik-Lin Eun, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Sook Young Bae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):701-704.   Published online June 15, 2009
SmithMagenis syndrome (SMS) is a rare disorder with multiple congenital anomalies caused by a heterozygous interstitial deletion involving chromosome 17p11.2, where the retinoic acid-induced 1 (RAI1) gene is located, or by a mutation of RAI1. Approximately 90% of the patients with SMS have a detectable 17p11.2 microdeletion on fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). SMS is characterized by mental retardation, distinctive behavioral...
Original Article
Evaluating and managing hypertension in children: a survey of Korean cardiologists and nephrologists
Eun Hee Lee, Hyung Eun Yim, Gi Young Jang, Kee Hwan Yoo, Chang Sung Son, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(9):992-997.   Published online September 15, 2008
Purpose : Hypertension (HTN) is no longer an exclusively adult disease; the prevalence of pediatric HTN is increasing. To understand the evaluation and treatment of childhood HTN in Korea, we investigated, via a questionnaire, how hypertensive children are currently assessed and managed by pediatric cardiologists (CA) and nephrologists (NE). Methods : We surveyed 82 pediatric CA and 77 NE, regarding...
The effects of ibuprofen and indomethacin therapy for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Wooksun Choi, Jung-Yeon Shin, Byung Min Choi, Baik-Lin Eun, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(12):1315-1323.   Published online December 15, 2006
Purpose : This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and indomethacin in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants and to determine whether ibuprofen can be an alternative drug. Methods : A total of 32 preterm infants with symptomatic PDA were enrolled in the study. Twelve infants received intravenous ibuprofen 10 mg/kg, followed...
The auditory evoked potential in premature small for gestational age infants
Il Hong Moon, Kee Soo Ha, Gui Sang Kim, Byung Min Choi, Baik-Lin Eun, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(12):1308-1314.   Published online December 15, 2006
Purpose : This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of auditory evoked potential (AEP) in clarifying neuronal development in premature small for gestational age (SGA), and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Methods : A total of 183 premature infants who were born from August 2002 to July 2005, were examined with AEP. They were divided into three groups; AGA, symmetric-SGA...
Case Report
Perforation of azygos vein and right-sided hydrothorax caused by peripherally inserted central catheter in extremely low birth weight infant
Kee Soo Ha, Jung Yeon Shin, Mi Jung Hwang, Young Ok Choi, Dong Han Shin, Gi Young Jang, Byung Min Choi, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Chang Sung Son
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):902-905.   Published online August 15, 2006
We report a case in which routine chest roentgenograms of an 840 g infant led to the belief that the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was appropriately positioned within the superior vena cava when, in actuality, it was within the azygous arch. Although many cases of pleural effusions have been reported to be caused by a central venous catheter, a...
Original Article
Urinary tract infections in infants under six months of age
Min Joo Kang, Hye Kyung Shin, Hyung Eun Yim, Bo-Kyung Je, So Hee Eun, Byung Min Choi, Jong-Tae Park, Baik Lin Eun, Kee Hwan Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(3):278-286.   Published online March 15, 2006
Purpose : Although suprapubic bladder aspiration(SBA) is the most reliable technique for identifying bacteriuria in young infant, no report has been published about the clinical manifestations of urinary tract infection(UTI) diagnosed by aspirated urine in Korea. This study was performed to examine clinical manifestations and related factors of UTI confirmed by a positive urine culture obtained by SBA in young infants. Methods : We reviewed...
Case Report
A Case of Partial Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency Presenting as Uric Acid Lithiasis
Ji Hae Kim, Mi Jung Kim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(9):1020-1023.   Published online September 15, 2004
The deficiency of enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase(HPRT) results in hyperuricemia and subsequently manifests in diverse symptoms. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a disorder characterized by hyperuricemia, mental retardation, choreoathetosis, spasticity and self-mutilation, resulting from complete deficiency of the enzyme, whereas partial deficiency of the enzyme shows symptoms of milder forms more often without abnormal neurologic signs. A 7-year-old boy with normal growth and...
Original Article
Phenotypic Transformation of Tubular Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts Following Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction or Angiotensin II Infusion in the S-D Rat
Eui Seong Lee, Min Jee Jeoung, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):430-438.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : Unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO), a well established experimental model of renal injury, gives rise to tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular dilatation and cellular atrophy. Angiotensin(ANG) II may take the prime role in the regulation of this response. The objectives in the current investigation were to determine whether the renal response to UUO involves the dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells to mesenchymal...
A Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors of Renal Involvement in Henoch-Sch nlein Purpura
Min Jee Jeoung, Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):405-411.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : Long-term prognosis of Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) is determined by the existence and severity of renal involvement. We evaluated the relationship between various clinical features of HSP and the development of renal involvement using univariate and multivariate analyses for early detection and proper management of HSP nephritis. Methods : We performed a retrospective study of 200 children who were diagnosed...
Case Report
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition Modulates Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Family Expressions in the Neonatal Rat Kidney
Byung Min Choi, Mee-Hye Oh, Kee Hwan Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(3):325-331.   Published online March 15, 2004
Purpose : In a developing kidney, the renin-angiotensin system(RAS) is markedly activated and is thought to play an important role in postnatal renal growth and maturation. We previously demonstrated that angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibition in a developing rat kidney increases apoptosis and decreases its related gene expressions, which may account for renal growth impairment. Among the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) family...
Original Article
Ultrasonographic Bladder Parameters for Successful Suprapubic Bladder Aspiration
Sung Chul Baek, Hoe Kyoung Koo, Cheol Hong Kim, Kyung Bum Kim, Hyun Hee Lee, Byung Min Choi, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Suk Hong, Dong Gwan Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(2):187-192.   Published online February 15, 2004
Purpose : Suprapubic bladder aspiration(SBA) is a widely accepted method of obtaining sterile urine for culture in neonates but has a relatively low success rate and a few serious complications during SBA procedure. To improve the chance of obtaining urine, we determined the ultrasonographic bladder parameters(diameters and volume) to confirm that the bladder is adequately distended for successful aspiration of...
Case Report
A Case of Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Hyung Eun Yim, Min Ji Jung, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(9):921-925.   Published online September 15, 2003
Intestinal lymphangiectasia, one of the protein-losing gastroenteropathies, is an uncommon disease characterized by dilated intestinal lymphatics, enteric protein loss, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and lympocytopenia. Small bowel biopsy and CT have been used to confirm the diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia. Small bowel biopsy shows collections of abnormal dilated lacteals in submucosa with distortion of villi and CT findings have been described as...
Original Article
Risk Factors for the First-Year Relapse in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
Hye Kyoung Shin, Ji Hee Kim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(9):889-892.   Published online September 15, 2003
Purpose : This study aimed to evaluate risk factors of the first year relapse in children with nephrotic syndrome(NS) without the need for biopsy. Methods : We reviewed, retrospectively, 78 children diagnosed with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome between July 1997 and June 2002. Median years to follow up were 4.4 years(range : 1-5 years). We divided the patients into two groups(group...
Effects of Endothelin A Receptor Antagonist to Cellular Proliferation and Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Heart
Byung Min Choi, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(7):668-678.   Published online July 15, 2003
Purpose : In order to investigate the role of endothelins in the cardiac development, the present study was designed to examine the effects of endothelin A receptor(ETAR) antagonist to the cellular proliferation and apoptosis in the neonatal rat heart. In addition, the expression of various regulatory genes in protein and mRNA levels by ETAR antagonist were examined. Methods : Neonatal...
Recurrence and Follow-up after Urinary Tract Infection
Ji Hee Kim, Hye Kyung Shin, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):561-565.   Published online June 15, 2003
Purpose : Urinary tract infection(UTI) is the most common bacterial infectious disease that may induce severe renal injury unless early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are performed. If recurrent UTI is prevented, renal injury can be also reduced. Therefore, we studied the risk factors of recurrent UTI in children. Methods : We performed a retrospective study of 168 children(58 girls and 110...
Clinical Lecture
Chronic Renal Failure in Children
Kee Hwan Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(5):430-433.   Published online May 15, 2003
Original Article
The Role of Aldosterone on the Development of Renal Tubular Reabsorption in Low Birth Weight Infants
Byung Min Choi, Hoe Kyoung Koo, Jin Won Yook, Kyoung Bum Kim, Gi Young Jang, Moon Hee Kim, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(11):1233-1242.   Published online November 15, 2001
Purpose : To determine the postnatal changes in aldosterone action on the renal tubular reabsorption in low birth weight(LBW) infants, we assessed the relation of the aldosterone concentrations to renal parameters during the first 10 days of life. Methods : Twenty LBW infants were evaluated and their gestational ages ranged from 32.4 to 39.3 weeks and their birth weights ranged from...
Evoked Potentials and Cranial Ultrasonography as a Prognostic Method in Newborn with Asphyxia
Hyung Jin Kim, Hee Kang, Byoung Min Choi, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(10):1162-1167.   Published online October 15, 2001
Purpose : This study was aimed at finding a diagnostic tool which is useful in predicting the neurologic outcome of the asphyxiated newborns. Methods : 31 newborns with asphyxia were evaluated by brainstem evoked potentials and cranial ultrasonography(CUS). During the neonatal follow-up, we evaluated the development of the babies with Bayley Scale of Infant Development II and INFANIB on corrected age...
Case Report
A Case of Graves Disease with Kyphosis by Osteoporosis
Yo Won Na, Kee Hyoung Lee, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Ju Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(8):971-975.   Published online August 15, 2001
Graves disease is the most common clinical feature of hyperthyroidism in childhood. Clinical manifestations include emotional lability, hyperactivity, tremor, excessive sweating, exophthalmos and weight loss. In Graves disease, osteoporosis could occur because of a disturbance of mineral homeostasis which rarely develops from reduced calcium absorption of the gastrointestinal tract and increased urinary calcium excretion related to an increased bone resorption....
Original Article
Usefulness of Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Concentration in the Diagnosis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants
Byung Min Choi, Jae Kyun Yoon, Hyun Hee Lee, Hae Won Cheon, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(7):897-904.   Published online July 15, 2000
Purpose : Diagnosis of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) that should be treated is difficult to determine by clinical and echocardiographic examinations. The aim of this study was to clarify the interrelationship of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) concentrations and clinical signs or echocardiographic signs of PDA in preterm infants and use plasma ANP concentrations as a diagnostic indicator of a hemodynamically significant PDA. Methods...
Case Report
A Case of Factor Ⅶ Deficiency Presenting as Hemarthroses
Han Seong Ko, Kee Hwan Yoo, Kwang Chul Lee, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(3):428-431.   Published online March 15, 2000
Factor Ⅶ deficiency has an estimated incidence of 1/500,000 in the general population and autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Factor Ⅶ deficiency is characterized by prolonged prothrombin time(PT), and normal activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT) and bleeding time(BT). Definite diagnosis of this condition requires a specific Factor Ⅶ assay. The clinical features are variable and do not always correlate with the...
Original Article
Relation between Renal and Scrotal Involvement in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Eui Seong Lee, Pyung Kil Kim, Young Kwan Park, Hae Won Cheon, Kee Hwan Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(2):260-266.   Published online February 15, 2000
Purpose : Although Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP) has been described in detail, there is a paucity of information describing scrotal involvement and risk factors for renal involvement. This study was performed to evaluate the incidence of scrotal involvement and the relationship between renal and nonrenal involvement, including scrotal involvement. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 164 male children who were diagnosed...
Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition into Apoptosis and Related Genes in the Neonatal Rat Kidney
Kee Hwan Yoo, Haewon Cheon, Byung Min Choi, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Soon Kyum Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(8):1086-1095.   Published online August 15, 1999
Purpose : The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in renal growth and development. Exposuring the neonate to angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor increases mortality and results in growth retardation and abnormal renal development. ACE inhibition in the developing kidney reduces the renal expression of TGF-β1 and EGF, which may account for renal growth impairment. This study was designed to...
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