|
Nutcracker esophagus and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter(LES) are primary esophageal motility disorders. Nutcracker esophagus have demonstrated distal esophageal contraction amplitude that exceeds the normal range(>160mmHg), without association abnormalities of the esophageal contraction wave, or lower esophageal sphinter relaxation. The criteria for diagnosing hypertensive LES take the mean LES pressure >45mmHg, LES relaxation >75% and normal peristalsis, which is a poorly... |