Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Original Article

Serum amyloid A and proadrenomedullin as early markers in critically ill children with sepsis

Nagwan Saleh, Wafaa Abo El Fotoh, Mona Habib, Salem Deraz

Background: Pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM), the most stable part of ADM, serves as an indirect marker of ADM levels. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a protein produced primarily in the liver during acute inflammation.
Purpose: To assess the role of SAA and pro-ADM, individually and in combination, as diagnostic and prognostic markers in pediatric sepsis. Methods: This prospective case-control cohort study included...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01928 [Accepted]

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Review Article

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels can predict allergic disease development and atopic march in children

Zak Callaway, Chang-Keun Kim

In some children, atopic manifestations begin with atopic dermatitis and progress to allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis; of them, a small subset experience food allergies as well. This progression shares genetic and environmental predisposing factors and immunological features, such as allergen-specific T helper type 2 responses, that manifest as specific immunoglobulin E production and eosinophil activation. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), which...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01382 [Accepted]

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Original Article

Differential roles of IL-6 and adrenomedullin in early diagnosis and mortality predictions in late-onset neonatal sepsis

Emilly Henrique dos Santos, Gabriel Acca Barreira, Mariana Okay Saippa, Maria Carolina Pires Cruz, Karen Alessandra Rodrigues, Ronaldo Arkader, Thelma Suely Okay

Background: Diagnosing and predicting neonatal sepsis is challenging because of its nonspecific symptoms, lack of diagnostic criteria consensus, and absence of early, sensitive, and specific diagnostic laboratory tests.
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of adrenomedullin (ADM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS). Methods: We studied 53 neonates with culture-proven LOS by sampling...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01543 [Accepted]

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Adolescence Medicine

Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance in excess-weight Latin children

Mariano Nicolás Aleman, María Constanza Luciardi, Emilce Romina Albornoz, María Cristina Bazán, Adela Victoria Abregú

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):37-45. Published online December 21, 2023

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

Question: What is the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in excess-weight Latin children, and can proinflammatory biomarkers predict it?
Finding: IR prevalence was elevated and tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1, soluble CD40 ligand, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were increased in excess-weight Latin children. However, none predicted IR status.
Meaning: These inflammatory biomarkers were unable to predict IR status. Therefore, further investigations are necessary.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01382

Review Article

Other

MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases

Hwal Rim Jeong, Il Tae Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):119-125. Published online May 24, 2023

Web of Science 5 Crossref 3

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post transcriptionally, and MiRNA expression levels vary with developmental stages. MiRNAs play an important role in several biological processes in children, including growth, neuro-development, inflammation, and tumor formation. Research on miRNAs may uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying various pediatric diseases, leading to the development of novel biomarkers that aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these diseases.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00171

Cardiology

Implication of microRNA as a potential biomarker of myocarditis

Jin-Hee Oh, Gi Beom Kim, Heeyoung Seok

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(5):230-238. Published online March 2, 2022

Web of Science 8 Crossref 7

· Myocarditis was recently examined quantitatively as inflammation of the heart muscle based on endomyocardial biopsy, and its noninvasive diagnosis remains unsatisfactory.
· Additionally, numerous miRNAs (miR-155, miR-146b, miR-590, miR-221, miR-222, etc.) coupled with inflammation or viral activation have been examined in myocarditis patients or mouse models.
· The recent identification of mmu-miR-721 (has-miR-Chr8: 96), a myocarditis-specific microRNA, demonstrated its potential as an acute myocarditis biomarker.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01802

Neurology

Promising candidate cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of seizure disorder, infection, inflammation, tumor, and traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients

Seh Hyun Kim, Soo Ahn Chae

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(2):56-64. Published online August 23, 2021

Web of Science 6 Crossref 8

· Pediatric cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) components have been extensively evaluated as biomarkers of various neurologic diseases.
· Several promising candidate CSF biomarkers, including Tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, S100β, and interleukins, have been studied in pediatric patients with seizure disorders, central nervous system infections, inflammation, tumors, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injuries, intraventricular hemorrhage, and congenital hydrocephalus.
· Circulating microRNAs in the CSF are a promising class of biomarkers for various neurological diseases.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00241

Original Article

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Variation in clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury in young children undergoing cardiac surgery

Hee Sun Baek, Youngok Lee, Hea Min Jang, Joonyong Cho, Myung Chul Hyun, Yeo Hyang Kim, Su-Kyeong Hwang, Min Hyun Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):151-156. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 7 Crossref 7

Question: Can clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury vary on the clinical circumstances?
Finding: In young children undergoing cardiac surgery, urine KIM-1/Cr level peaked at 24 hours with significant difference from baseline level and was significantly higher at 6 hours in the AKI group. However, urine NGAL/Cr and IL-18/Cr levels showed no specific trend with time for 48 hours after cardiac surgery.
Meaning: Urine KIM-1/Cr concentration could be considered a good biomarker for early AKI prediction after open cardiac surgery in young children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00913

Review Article

Endocrinology

Understanding of type 1 diabetes mellitus: what we know and where we go

Chong Kun Cheon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(10):307-314. Published online October 4, 2018

Crossref 2

The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide. Combined effects of genetic and environmental factors cause T1DM, which make it difficult to predict whether an individual will inherit the disease. Due to the level of self-care necessary in T1DM maintenance, it is crucial for pediatric settings to support achieving optimal glucose control, especially...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2018.06870

Original Article

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Diagnostic accuracy of urinary biomarkers in infants younger than 3 months with urinary tract infection

Nani Jung, Hye Jin Byun, Jae Hyun Park, Joon Sik Kim, Hae Won Kim, Ji Yong Ha

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(1):24-29. Published online January 22, 2018

Crossref 12

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urinary biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and β-2 microglobulin (uB2MG), in early detection of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants aged <3 months with fever.

Methods

A total of 422 infants aged <3 months (male:female=267:155; mean age, 56.4 days), who were admitted for fever, were retrospectively included in...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2018.61.1.24

Review Article

The role of cytokines in seizures: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-8, and IL-10

Youngah Youn, In Kyung Sung, In Goo Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(7):271-274. Published online July 19, 2013

Crossref 66

Brain insults, including neurotrauma, infection, and perinatal injuries such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, generate inflammation in the brain. These inflammatory cascades induce a wide spectrum of cytokines, which can cause neuron degeneration, have neurotoxic effects on brain tissue, and lead to the development of seizures, even if they are subclinical and occur at birth. Cytokines are secreted by the glial...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2013.56.7.271

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