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Question: How the epidemiology of other childhood respiratory viruses has changed during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea? Finding: Parainfluenza virus (PIV) typically circulated in the spring, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic started in autumn in Korea before COVID-19 pandemic. PIV and RSV seasons disappeared in 2020 and came back in 2021 with atypical seasonality. PIV season was changed from spring to autumn, and the beginning of RSV season was slightly delayed from autumn to early winter in 2021. Meaning: Circulation of PIV and RSV was changed to unusual seasons and patterns during COVID-19 pandemic period. |
Question: How can the management of neonatal jaundice (NJ) be enhanced through telemedicine? Finding: Teleconsultations, drive-through testing, and the use of an application to assess neonatal jaundice at home are being successfully used, but they must be further researched before being implemented on a larger scale. Meaning: Recent technology allows for the treatment of NJ at home with an application that helps reduce hospital burden. |
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Question: Simulation-based ultrasound training is becoming more popular. Is there a role for pediatricians in such training programs? Finding: Our program received promising feedback from its participants. Self-rated confidence in image interpretation and ultrasound-guided catheter insertion improved after the simulation. Participants reported a higher preference for performing ultrasound scans before radiologist assessment. Meaning: Ultrasound training can be considered as part of the pediatric training curriculum in the future. |
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Question: What are the distinctive features of rural children with atopic dermatitis? Finding: Birch and dog dander were the second most sensitized aeroallergens (32.6%), followed by house dust mites. Doctors and guardians reported food allergy comorbidities differently (19.9% and 43.5%, respectively). Dietary restrictions without medical evaluation were observed in 39.7% of patients. Meaning: Effects of pollen distribution and indirect animal exposure should be evaluated. Evidence-based dietary restrictions must be implemented. |
Question: Are multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants, 2 sides of the same coin? Finding: Here we report on a 4-month-old girl with MIS-C and signs of KD with shock. Most (83%) infants with MIS-C had features of KD, especially KD shock syndrome. Meaning: MIS-C is similar to KD, and likely is a consequence of dysregulated immune responses secondary to sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. |
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Question: Are functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) common in Italy? If so, what are the associated risk factors? Finding: In this cross-sectional study of 1,594 adolescents, the prevalence of FGIDs was 30.9% and was mainly associated with smartphone addiction. Meaning: Smartphone use and dietary habits should be monitored in children with FGIDs. |
Question: Breakfast is important; however, adolescents are increasingly skipping it. Finding: Skipping breakfast is independently associated with sleepiness, physical inactivity, dinner irregularity, screen time on school days, poor academic performance, after-school activity, and decreased sleep duration before school day. Meaning: Reducing screen time on school days, after-school activity, and irregular dinner habits might decrease breakfast skipping, resulting in decreased sleepiness and improved academic performance. |
Question: Is there an increase in patients with hyperinflammatory syndrome during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic? Finding: We found 10 patients with hyperinflammatory syndrome with poor outcome during a period of 2 months in a single tertiary care centre. Meaning: Pediatricians who come across patients with muco cutaneous manifestations and multiorgan involvement should consider hyperinflammatory syndrome. Early recognition and prompt treatment of such patients may result in promising outcome. |
Question: Can CD11b detect sepsis in full-term infants with suspected sepsis? Finding: The percentage of neutrophils expressing CD11b was significantly upregulated in the sepsis and suspected sepsis groups versus the control group. Meaning: CD11b is a sensitive marker for sepsis and suspected sepsis in full-term neonates and it may be added to sepsis markers. This information would allow the neonatologist to confidently discontinue antibiotic use as long as the neonate is clinically stable. |
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Question: Which factors can predict BiPAP failure as the initial management approach for moderate to late preterm infants with respiratory distress? Finding: RDS aggravation and increased oxygen and frequency requirements during BiPAP support were associated with BiPAP failure. Meaning: Early changes to invasive ventilator care should be considered for moderate to late preterm infants showing RDS aggravation and increased oxygen and frequency requirements during BiPAP support. |