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- Editorial
- Allergy
- Trends in prevalence of allergic diseases in Korean children: how and why?
- Kyung Suk Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):263-264. Published online April 13, 2020
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- Gastroenterology
- Management of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano in infants and children
- Jinyoung Park
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):261-262. Published online March 23, 2020
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- Infection
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: choice of schedule and product development
- Jin Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):259-260. Published online April 27, 2020
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- Review Article
- Pulmonology
- The past, present, and future of humidifier disinfectant-associated interstitial lung diseases in children
- Eun Lee, So-Yeon Lee, Soo-Jong Hong
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):251-258. Published online December 9, 2019
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Exposure to environmental factors can cause interstitial lung diseases (ILDs); however, such types of ILDs are rare. From 2007 to 2011, an ILD epidemic occurred in South Korea owing to inhalational exposure to toxic chemicals in humidifier disinfectants (HDs). HD-associated ILDs (HD-ILDs) are characterized by rapidly progressing respiratory failure with pulmonary fibrosis and a high mortality rate of 43.8%−58.0%. Although...
- Immunology
- Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators
- Kyung-Yil Lee, Jung-Woo Rhim, Jin-Han Kang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):239-250. Published online June 18, 2020
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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally. Although its etiologic agent is discovered as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are many unsolved issues in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The causes of different clinical phenotypes and incubation periods among individuals, species specificity, and cytokine storm with lymphopenia as well as the mechanism of damage to organ...
- Perspective
- Infection
- COVID-19 in children: reasons for uneventful clinical course
- Sweni Shah, Ramachandran Meenakshisundaram, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):237-238. Published online June 18, 2020
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- Original Article
- General Pediatrics
- Ability of children to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques when using mobile apps
- Savita Yadav, Pinaki Chakraborty, Arshia Kaul, Pooja, Bhavya Gupta, Anchal Garg
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):232-236. Published online February 5, 2020
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Background: Children today get access to smartphones at an early age. However, their ability to use mobile apps has not yet been studied in detail.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the ability of children aged 2–8 years to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques, i.e., ways apps provide instructions on how to use them. Methods: We developed one mobile app...
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Synbiotics use for preventing sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized controlled trial
- Ozge Serce Pehlevan, Derya Benzer, Tugba Gursoy, Guner Karatekin, Fahri Ovali
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):226-231. Published online February 5, 2020
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Background: Probiotics and prebiotics have strain-specific effects on the host. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, are proposed to have more beneficial effects on the host than either agent has alone.
Purpose: We performed a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium together with oligosaccharides and lactoferrin on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or sepsis...
- Long-term cognitive, executive, and behavioral outcomes of moderate and late preterm at school age
- Ju Hyun Jin, Shin Won Yoon, Jungeun Song, Seong Woo Kim, Hee Jung Chung
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):219-225. Published online September 25, 2019
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Question: Infants born at moderate to late preterm gestations are known to have little problem later on, but is that really true?
Finding: At school age, cognitive problem was observed in about a quarter of the children. In addition, more than half of the children was suspected of having attention problems.
Meaning: Moderate to late preterm infants are at risk of developing abnormal intelligence and attention problems at early school age, therefore they should not be neglected on longterm follow-up evaluation.
- Editorial
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Should we regularly evaluate the neurodevelopmental status of moderate and late preterm infants?
- Son Moon Shin
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):217-218. Published online June 11, 2020
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- What do we know about the long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born moderate to late preterm?
- Eun Sun Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):215-216. Published online February 5, 2020
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- Allergy
- Are you sure that it is a drug allergy?
- Eun Hee Chung
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):213-214. Published online June 1, 2020
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- Neurology
- Next-generation sequencing is a powerful method to enhance diagnostic yield in global developmental delay/intellectual disability
- Jon Soo Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):211-212. Published online June 11, 2020
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- Review Article
- Allergy
- Drug Allergy in Children: What Should We Know?
- Ji Soo Park, Dong In Suh
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):203-210. Published online November 12, 2019
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The drug allergy “label” may have a lifetime of consequences for a child. Many children with alleged drug allergies are proven to be tolerant to the culprit medication when challenged. The field of drug hypersensitivity is a recently evolving field of research, but studies on its epidemiology and diagnostic tools are lacking in children. Clinical history is significant in the...
- Neurology
- Genetic tests by next-generation sequencing in children with developmental delay and/or intellectual disability
- Ji Yoon Han, In Goo Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):195-202. Published online November 4, 2019
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Developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techogies have assisted in clarifying the diagnosis and treatment of developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) via molecular genetic testing. Advances in DNA sequencing technology have not only allowed the evolution of targeted panels but also, and more currently enabled genome-wide analyses to progress from research era to clinical practice. Broad acceptance of accuracy- guided targeted gene...
- Original Article
- Cardiology
- Importance of pulmonary valve morphology for pulmonary valve preservation in tetralogy of Fallot surgery: comparison of the echocardiographic parameters
- Su Jin Choi, Jung Eun Kwon, Da Eun Roh, Myung Chul Hyun, Hanna Jung, Young Ok Lee, Joon Yong Cho, Yeo Hyang Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):189-194. Published online November 8, 2019
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Question: Is echocardiographic examination is useful for surgical method decision in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?
Finding: Various echocardiographic parameters serve as predictors for determining surgical methods for TOF patients. However, the PV morphology and tissue characteristics should also be considered.
Meaning: A full dependence on the size of the pulmonary valve annulus (PVA), the z score, and the ratio of the size of PVA to aortic valve annulus or descending aorta surgery may result in inadequate surgical results during TOF total correction.
- Critical Care Medicine
- Assessment of interhospital transport care for pediatric patients
- Krittiya Chaichotjinda, Marut Chantra, Uthen Pandee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):184-188. Published online August 29, 2019
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Background: Many critically ill patients require transfer to a higher-level hospital for complex medical care. Despite the publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for pediatric interhospital transportation services and the establishment of many pediatric transport programs, adverse events during pediatric transport still occur.
Purpose: To determine the incidence of adverse events occurring during pediatric transport and explore their complications...
- Editorial
- Emergency Medicine
- Pediatric transport medicine: a yet unknown territory in Korea
- Jeong-Min Ryu
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):182-183. Published online May 15, 2020
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- Neurology
- Targeted temperature management and neuroprotective outcomes of pediatric patients after cardiac arrest
- Yun-Jin Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):180-181. Published online April 14, 2020
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- Nephrology (Genitourinary)
- Dapsone: a steroid-sparing drug for refractory immunoglobulin A vasculitis?
- Jin-Soon Suh
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):178-179. Published online April 14, 2020
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- Review Article
- Neurology
- Factors associated with seizure and cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery for low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors in children
- Ara Ko, Joon Soo Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):171-177. Published online November 13, 2019
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Low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEATs) are responsible for drug-resistant chronic focal epilepsy, and are the second-most common reason for epilepsy surgery in children. LEATs are extremely responsive to surgical treatment, and therefore epilepsy surgery should be considered as a treatment option for LEATs. However, the optimal time for surgery remains controversial, and surgeries are often delayed. In this review, we...
- How can neurological outcomes be predicted in comatose pediatric patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):164-170. Published online October 10, 2019
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The prognosis of patients who are comatose after resuscitation remains uncertain. The accurate prediction of neurological outcome is important for management decisions and counseling. A neurological examination is an important factor for prognostication, but widely used sedatives alter the neurological examination and delay the response recovery. Additional studies including electroencephalography, somatosensory-evoked potentials, brain imaging, and blood biomarkers are useful for...
- Nephrology (Genitourinary)
- Treatment of refractory IgA vasculitis with dapsone: a systematic review
- Keum Hwa Lee, Sung Hwi Hong, Jinhae Jun, Youngheun Jo, Woogyeong Jo, Dayeon Choi, Jeongho Joo, Guhyun Jung, Sunghee Ahn, Andreas Kronbichler, Michael Eisenhut, Jae Il Shin
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(5):158-163. Published online September 24, 2019
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IgA vasculitis, formerly known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is a systemic IgA-mediated vasculitis of the small vessels commonly seen in children. The natural history of IgA vasculitis is generally self-limiting; however, one-third of patients experience symptom recurrence and a refractory course. This systematic review examined the use of dapsone in refractory IgA vasculitis cases. A literature search of PubMed databases retrieved...
- Letter to the Editor
- Cardiology
- Differences over 10 years in epidemiologic and clinical features of Kawasaki disease at a single tertiary center
- Hyun Su Kim, Suk Won Shin, Bo Geum Choi, Hee Joung Choi
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):157-158. Published online February 5, 2020
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- Original Article
- Nephrology (Genitourinary)
- Variation in clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury in young children undergoing cardiac surgery
- Hee Sun Baek, Youngok Lee, Hea Min Jang, Joonyong Cho, Myung Chul Hyun, Yeo Hyang Kim, Su-Kyeong Hwang, Min Hyun Cho
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):151-156. Published online February 5, 2020
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Question: Can clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury vary on the clinical circumstances?
Finding: In young children undergoing cardiac surgery, urine KIM-1/Cr level peaked at 24 hours with significant difference from baseline level and was significantly higher at 6 hours in the AKI group. However, urine NGAL/Cr and IL-18/Cr levels showed no specific trend with time for 48 hours after cardiac surgery.
Meaning: Urine KIM-1/Cr concentration could be considered a good biomarker for early AKI prediction after open cardiac surgery in young children.
- Endocrinology
- Effect of agricultural pesticide on precocious puberty in urban children: an exploratory study
- Junghwan Suh, Han Saem Choi, Ahreum Kwon, Hyun Wook Chae, Ho-Seong Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):146-150. Published online December 6, 2019
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Question: Does agricultural pesticide effect precocious puberty in girls?
Finding: Dinotefuran, an insecticide of neonicotinoid class, was detected in one of 30 patients with precocious puberty, and in 2 girls of the normal control group, which was not statistically significant.
Meaning: There was no close relationship between agricultural pesticides and development of precocious puberty.
- Other
- Korean parents’ perceptions of the challenges and needs on school re-entry during or after childhood and adolescent cancer: a multi-institutional survey by Korean Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
- Jun Ah Lee, Jae Min Lee, Hyeon Jin Park, Meerim Park, Byung Kiu Park, Hee Young Ju, Ji Yoon Kim, Sang Kyu Park, Young Ho Lee, Ye Jee Shim, Heung Sik Kim, Kyung Duk Park, Yeon-Jung Lim, Hee Won Chueh, Ji Kyoung Park, Soon Ki Kim, Hyoung Soo Choi, Hyo Seop Ahn, Jeong Ok Hah, Hyoung Jin Kang, Hee Young Shin, Mee Jeong Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):141-145. Published online November 14, 2019
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Question: What are the parental needs and challenges when their children return to school after cancer?
Finding: In addition to scholastic aptitude-oriented programs, emotional and psychosocial support is necessary for a successful return to school.
Meaning: Pediatric oncologists should actively engage in improving oncology practices to better integrate individualized school plans and educate peers and teachers to improve health literacy to make them understand the needs of children with cancer.
- Nutrition
- Positive association of breastfeeding on respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized infants: a multicenter retrospective study
- Min Jeong Jang, Yong Joo Kim, Shinhye Hong, Jaeyoon Na, Jong Hee Hwang, Son Moon Shin, Young Min Ahn
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):135-140. Published online November 12, 2019
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Question: Human milk has stronger antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties compared with formula milk. How dose breastfeeding affect respiratory syncytial virus infection in Korea?
Finding: Breastfed infants required less oxygen therapy and possible intensive care unit admission than artificial formulafed infants during respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Meaning: This protective role of breast milk on RSV severity can be a supporting evidence for promoting breastfeeding in Korea.
- Editorial
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Epidermal growth factor as a reliable marker of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates
- Na Mi Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):133-134. Published online September 18, 2019
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- Review Article
- Infection
- Epidemiology and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children
- Soo-Han Choi, Han Wool Kim, Ji-Man Kang, Dong Hyun Kim, Eun Young Cho
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):125-132. Published online April 6, 2020
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Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and declared a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, is a novel infectious disease that causes respiratory illness and death. Pediatric COVID-19 accounts for a small percentage of patients and is often milder than that in adults; however, it can progress to severe disease in some cases. Even neonates...
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