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Original Article
Thrombocytopenia in preterm infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective cohort study
Ru Xue, Guoqing Zhang, Xiafang Chen, Jun Bu, Lanlan Mi, Fei Bei
Background: Thrombocytopenia in preterm infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is poorly characterized, despite its potential link to adverse outcomes. Our understanding of platelet dynamics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes in this population is limited, necessitating further investigation.
Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the incidence, timing, and severity of thrombocytopenia in this population; to identify associated maternal...
Hematology
Evaluation of Bak and Bcl-Xl gene expression among pediatric patients with acute primary immune thrombocytopenia
Amira Zaki Badawy, Samia Hassan Kandel, Iman Aly Ahmedy, Mahmoud Ahmed Elhawy, Sally Mohamed El-Hefnawy, Dina Fouad Sief El-Nasr Zidan, Hanan Hassan El-sheity
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(11):901-908.   Published online August 6, 2025
The B-cell lymphoma protein 2 family proteins Bak and Bcl- Xl, important markers of apoptosis, may contribute to primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Thus, their expression may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric ITP. Targeting these pathways may improve platelet survival, particularly in treatment-resistant cases. Personalized treatments based on apoptotic profiles can optimize therapy and reduce the unnecessary use of immunosuppressive drugs.
Genetics and Metabolism
Interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Seham Mohamed Ragab, Wafaa Moustafa Abo ElFotoh, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Hawy, Eman Abdelfatah Badr, Saara Khairat Ali Mostafa, Mai El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):465-473.   Published online July 24, 2024
· Polymorphisms in interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonists may significantly affect the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
· IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms are correlated with severity and susceptibility to primary ITP in children.
Review Article
Hematology
Thrombosis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Young Shil Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(8):400-405.   Published online June 30, 2021
· Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia occurring within 4–28 days after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination require attention.
· The terms vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) are used.
· VITT is pathogenetically similar to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
· VITT/TTS could be associated with the development of platelet-activating anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies.
· For suspected VITT/TTS, early treatment decisions (intravenous immunoglobulin, non-heparin anticoagulant, and avoidance of platelet transfusions) are important.
Original Article
Hematology
Clinical course and prognostic factors of childhood immune thrombocytopenia: single center experience of 10 years
Jae Yeob Jung, A Rum O, Je Keong Kim, Meerim Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(8):335-340.   Published online August 24, 2016
Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical course of childhood immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and to assess the risk factors for developing chronic ITP.

Methods

The records of 64 children diagnosed with ITP from November 2005 and December 2014 at single center were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The median age at diagnosis and the median platelet count were 1 year (range, 1 month to 15 years)...

Case Report
A case of Plasmodium vivax malaria occurring during a school excursion to Pocheon-gun
Byung Ok Kwak, Sochung Chung, Kyo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(1):85-88.   Published online January 15, 2010
Malaria caused by Plasmodium species is characterized by paroxysms of fever, chills, fatigue, anemia, and splenomegaly. Vivax malaria has lately re-emerged as an infectious disease and has exhibited high transmission rate in northern Gyeonggi-do province. We encountered a case of malaria in a child presenting with fever and thrombocytopenia who had recently made a school excursion to Pocheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do. The...
Review Article
Giant platelet syndrome
Hoon Kook
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):833-838.   Published online August 15, 2006
Giant platelet syndrome is a group of unique disorders characterized by the presence of abnormally large platelets, and usually accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Most cases of giant platelets are encountered in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). In contrast, inherited giant platelet disorders, a group of heterogeneous diseases, are rare. Bernard-Soulier syndrome and its variants, and MYH9 related diseases have been defined at the...
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)
Hee Young Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):830-832.   Published online August 15, 2006
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased peripheral platelet destruction due to antibody to platelet, which results in thrombocytopenia and cutaneous or mucosal bleeding. Bleeding generally occurs when platelet counts fall to less than 20,000/µL. Children affected with ITP are usually healthy prior to the onset of the disease and typically present suddenly after a viral infection...
Case Report
Giant Coronary and Axillary Aneurysms in an Infant with Kawasaki Disease Associated with Thrombocytopenia
Sei Young Seo, Jin Hee Oh, Jong-Hyun Kim, Ji-Whan Han, Kyung-Yil Lee, Dae Kyun Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(8):901-906.   Published online August 15, 2005
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Yet the etiology of KD is still unknown and diagnosis depends on the exclusion of other diseases and the clinical manifestations meeting the defined criteria. Young infants frequently show atypical clinical courses and are frequently complicated with coronary aneurysms. Some cases show thrombocytopenia, which is known as...
Prevention and Dissociation of the Platelet Aggregation in a Patient with EDTA-dependent Pseudothrombocytopenia by Supplementation of Kanamycin : A Case Report
In-sang Jeon, Sung Wan Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(6):675-677.   Published online June 15, 2005
Pseudothrombocytopenia is usually associated with anticoagulant ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The platelet clumping that occurs in EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (EDPT) can sometimes be prevented by the use of other anticoagulants such as heparin or sodium citrate. As an alternative, we used kanamycin before or after the withdrawal of EDTA-anticoagulated blood in a 6-year-old boy with EDPT. Kanamycin used supplementarily during the...
Original Article
A Clinical Study of Sepsis with Thrombocytopenia in Premature Infants
Jae Hoon Sim, So Ick Jang, Yun Jung Sim, Do Jun Cho, Dug Ha Kim, Ki Sik Min, Ki Yang Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1058-1064.   Published online October 15, 2004
Purpose : This study was performed to characterize sepsis with thrombocytopenia in premature infants to determine if thrombocytopenia is a prognostic factor in sepsis in premature infants. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of sepsis in premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(N=41) at the Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital from January 1999 to December 2002. The...
Case Report
Two Pediatric Patients with Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia Associated with Parvovirus B19 Infection
Dong Koo Kim, Young Dai Kim, Ho Jun Lim, Sung Hee Oh, Hahng Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(3):338-342.   Published online March 15, 2004
Parvovirus B19, a member of the Erythrovirus genus, is the only member of the Parvoviridae family known to be pathogenic in humans. Haematological consequences of B19 infection arise due to a direct cytotoxic effect on erythroid progenitors in bone marrow, resulting in interruption of erythrocyte production. The physiology of host haematopoiesis and competence of the immune response each determines clinical...
Monosomy 21 Mosaicism in a Child with Dyserythropoiesis
Jae-Young Lim, Ji-Hyoun Seo, Myoung-Bum Choi, Chan-Hoo Park, Hyang-Ok Woo, Hee-Shang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(4):397-399.   Published online April 15, 2003
All complete monosomy 21 appear to be lethal early in their development in humans and only survive in mosaic forms. Complete monosomy 21 is a very rare and usually debilitating genetic disorder. Partial monosomy 21 is also rare and is thought to constitute a clinical syndrome consisting of peculiar faces, hypertonia, psychomotor retardation, and slow growth. We experienced a case...
Original Article
Frequency of Platelet Transfusions and Outcome in Neonates with Thrombocytopenia
Suk-Hwan Lim, Jin-Hwa Kook, Chang-Yee Cho, Young-Youn Choi, Tai-Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(8):961-966.   Published online August 15, 2002
Purpose : We compared the underlying or associated diseases according to the frequency of platelet transfusions in neonates with thrombocytopenia to know the factors predicting which patients will require multiple platelet transfusions. We also compared mortality. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in 72 neonates who received the platelet transfusions in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) between August 1996 and July...
Case Report
A Case of Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia Related to HLA Antibody
Mi Seon Lee, Hyeon-Soo Lee, Hyun Ok Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(12):1454-1458.   Published online December 15, 2001
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia(NAIT) is a very rare disease caused by maternal alloantibodies` response to neonatal platelet antigens. Because the most common cause of NAIT is incompatibility for platelet-specific antigens, NAIT cases due to anti-HLA antibodies are very exceptional. The patient was a second born female. She had no petechia or purpura at birth. But her platelet count was 55,000/mm3 and...
A Case of Successful Danazol Therapy in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Kyung Min Kim, Byeong Seon Lee, Young Seo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(11):1330-1333.   Published online November 15, 2001
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia occur in 10-26% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). These hematological manifestations may be the sole presenting sign and can precede the appearance of diagnosable SLE in 5 to 23% of cases. The conventional treatment for SLE associated with these disorders includes corticosteroid therapy and splenectomy, but autoimmune thrombocytopenia or autoimmune hemolytic anemia may...
A Case of Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia due to Anti-HLA A2
Sung Young Kim, Eun Ryoung Kim, Young Jin Kim, Myoung Hee Park, Eun Young Song, Kyou Sup Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(6):861-865.   Published online June 15, 2000
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia(NAIT) is a rare disease caused by maternal alloimmunization against fetal platelet surface antigen, which is mainly platelet specific alloantigen or human leukocyte antigen(HLA). During routine hemotology, we accidentally discovered thrombocytopenia in a female fullterm newborn admitted due to jaundice. We excluded NAIT due to human platelet alloantigen(HPA), because the HPA of the mother and baby were the...
Original Article
Diagnostic Value of Reticulated Platelet in Thrombocytopenia
Song Hee Park, Hwang Min Kim, Baek Keun Lim, Young Hak Shim, Chang Hoon Lee, Myung Seo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(6):850-856.   Published online June 15, 1997
Purpose : We performed this study to determine the diagnostic significance and useful cut-off value of reticulated platelet, which can be used for discriminating the destructive thrombocytopenia from underproductive thrombocytopenia. Methods : We evaluated 37 patients with thrombocytopenia who were admitted to the Wonju christian hospital from March to July, 1995. All patients were evaluated with bone marrow megakaryocyte count. We divided them into two...
3 Cases of Kawasaki Disease Associated Thrombocytopenia
Hye Soon Kim, Young Mi Hong, Seung Joo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(12):1686-1690.   Published online December 15, 1995
Kawasaki disease may be associatde with a variety of hematologic abnormalities, the most characteristic being thrombocytosis. Thrombocytopenia, in contrast, appears to occur rarely in children with this disease. Hera et al observed the 2% manifested thrombocytopenia early in their illness. To our knowledge, early thrombocytopenia has not been reported in other populations, We report the case of a children with...
Case Report
A Case of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Dong Un Kim, Seung Hoon Han, Jin Han Kang, Joon Sung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(3):439-446.   Published online March 15, 1993
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome s an X-linked combined immunodeficency disorder characterzed by severely decreased number of platelets which are small in size, eczema resembling atopic dermatitis and recurrent infection. The serum of the patient contains elevated concentrations of IgA and IgE, whereas the IgG level is usually normal and IgM level is deecreased. The patient also shows skin test anergy and progressive...
Original Article
Two cases of Gaucher disease in brother and sister.
Yong Ju Kim, Ki Young Cheong, Jong Jin Seo, Keon Su Rhee, Young Hun Chung, Seon Hoe Koo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(8):1151-1156.   Published online August 31, 1991
We experienced two cases of Gaucher disease in brother and sister. The first case of 6 year old female showed hepatosplenomegaly with thrombocytopenia and characteristic Gaucher cells in bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. She is alive without complaints except abdominal distension. The second case of 3 year ~ 7 month old male showed hepatosplenomegaly with anemia and throm- bocytopenia. There were characteristic Gaucher cells...
Clinical charateristics of pregnancy-induced hypertensive mothers and their neonates.
Soo Jeong Ryu, Jin Sook Kim, Kyong Hoon Choi, Myong Jin Kim, Mi Na Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(7):929-933.   Published online July 31, 1991
The results were as follows; 1) The mean platelet count of peripheral blood in pergnancy-induced hypertensive mothers was 221, 733±17,357/mm3 which was than control Significant thrombocytopenia was encountered in 8 cases 2) Meanwhile their newborns showed neutropenia and prolongation of prothrombin time. 3) Intrauterine growth retardation could be assesed in 8 out of 30 newborns from these mothers.
Clinical study of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.
Eun Jung Bae, Young Ah Lee, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(3):371-379.   Published online March 31, 1991
A retrospective analysis of clinical findings in 20 patients with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome who visited Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital from January, 1979 to June, 1990 was performed. The average age of occurrence was 6.4 month and male to female ratio was 1: 1.2. The mean size of hemangioma was 11.0x8.5 cm and the locations were cutanous in 18 (extrem- ities 5, trunk...
Case Report
A Case of Gaucher's Disease.
Hyo Nam Cho, Myung Cheol Cho, Hyung Ro Moon, Je Geun Chi, Hyo Min Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1987;30(7):784-790.   Published online July 31, 1987
We experienced a case of Gaucher’s disease of acute infantile type in a 12 month old male boy. The patient showed hepatosplenomegaly with anemia and thrombocytopenia, developmental delay and frequent infection. There were characteristic Gaucher’s cells in bone marrow aspiration and biopsy of liver, spleen, & lymph node. Splenectomy was done at 25 month old. He expired 3 days after splenectomy. Autopsy was done....
Korean Hemorrhagic Fever in Children.
Won Seok Lee, Yong Hoon Park, Ja Hoon Koo, Doo Hong Ahn, Yong Jin Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1984;27(3):265-270.   Published online March 31, 1984
Korean hemorrhagic fever is acute febrile illness caused by Hantan virus. It involves capillaries and small vessels systemically, and leads to dysfunctions of many organs, esp. kidney. In recent years, we have experienced 4 cases of korean hemorrhagic fever in children’s age group. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunofluorescent technique in one case and renal biopsy was done in 2 cases....
A Case of Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome.
Young Yoon choi, young Hwa park, Hyung Suk byun, Chull sohn, Ae Sook kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1982;25(3):310-316.   Published online March 31, 1982
Hemangioma associated with thrombocytopenia is a relatively rare occurrence. The first case was described in 1940 by Kasabach and Merritt, who used X-ray therapy as radium implants in the treatment of hemangioma on the affected infant. The tumor regressed and the platelet count rose to normal. Mechanical sequestration of platelets in the vascular channels of the hemangioma is believed to be the mechanism of...
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