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Original Article
Serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels in obese children and their correlations with insulin resistance
Min Young Park, Sun A Ahn, Won Kyoung Cho, Kyoung Soon Cho, So Hyun Park, Seung Hoon Hahn, Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):766-771.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : The objective of this study was to compare the levels of adipocytokines in obesity group with those in control group and examine their correlation with insulin resistance. Methods : We enrolled 36 obese children (male:female [M:F]=17:19; age, 9.3±1.9 yrs) with ≥95th percentile body mass indexes (BMIs) (obesity group) and 35 healthy children (M:F=16:19; age, 9.1±2.1 yrs) with 25th-75th percentile...
Review Article
Pediatric tuberculosis and drug resistance
Yae-Jean Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):529-537.   Published online May 15, 2009
Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children has important implications for both the patients and tuberculosis control programs. In Korea, among all new patients, the isoniazid resistance rate was 9.9% and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 2.7% in 2004 (in patients aged 10-19 yr, the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate reached 2.1%). Tuberculosis in pediatric patients is difficult to diagnose because many children have nonspecific clinical...
Original Article
Development of metabolic syndrome and its correlation with insulin resistance in adult patients with Turner syndrome
Joo Hwa Kim, Min Jae Kang, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):370-375.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : The risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease in Turner syndrome (TS) patients is high. We analyzed metabolic factors in adults with TS and evaluated the metabolic risk of insulin resistance. Methods : Forty-three adults with TS were enrolled. The frequency of MS and the values of the metabolic factors were analyzed. Patients were divided into insulin...
Review Article
Consequences of being born small for gestational age : More than being small
Eun-Gyong Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):152-158.   Published online February 15, 2009
Reduced fetal growth is independently associated with increased risk of health problems in later life, particularly type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance appears to be a key component underlying these metabolic complications. It is suggested that detrimental fetal environment may program insulin resistance syndrome. An insulin-resistant genotype may also result in both low birth weight and insulin resistance...
Emergence of macrolide resistance and clinical use of macrolide antimicrobials in children
Eun Hwa Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1031-1037.   Published online October 15, 2008
Macrolide antimicrobial agents including erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children. Newer macrolides that have structural modifications of older drug erythromycin show improved change in the spectrum of activity, dosing, and administration. However, recent studies reported that increasing use of macrolide antibiotics is the main force driving the development of...
Original Article
The relationship between leptin adiponectin ratio and insulin resistance in healthy children
Gae-Hyun Ahn, Shin-Hye Kim, Eun-Gyong Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(3):256-261.   Published online March 15, 2008
Purpose : Leptin and adiponectin are two representative adipocytokines. Leptin increases, but adiponectin decreases, with obesity and insulin resistance. We aimed to study the relationship between the leptin/adiponectin ratio and insulin resistance in healthy children. Methods : Seventy-seven healthy children (36 boys and 41 girls) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and the percentage of weight for...
Reference values for respiratory system impedance using impulse oscillometry in school-aged children in Korea
Young Sun Wee, Hyoung Yun Kim, Da Wun Jung, Hye Won Park, Yoon Ho Shin, Man Yong Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(9):862-867.   Published online September 15, 2007
Purpose : The impulse oscillometry (IOS) is applicable to young children because it requires minimal cooperation and a non-invasive method to measure the mechanics of respiratory system. This study aimed to develop the reference values in school-aged children in Korea, using IOS which is a modification of forced oscillation technique (FOT). Methods : Measurements were performed in 92 previously untrained healthy...
Alteration of insulin resistance and serum adiponectin levels after one year follow-up of obese children and adolescents
Min Jee Jeoung, Jung Yeon Shin, Soo Young Kim, Jung Hwa Lee, Kee-Hyoung Lee, Joo Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(8):767-773.   Published online August 15, 2007
Purpose : Obesity has become a pandemic and especially the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased remarkably over the past years. Childhood obesity is often accompanied by the expected morbidities such as hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and glucose intolerance. We evaluated the pattern of alteration in the body mass index (BMI), serum adiponectin concentration, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and complication rates after...
Case Report
Identification of a de novo mutation (H435Y) in the THRB gene in a Korean patient with resistance to thyroid hormone
Jin Young Shin, Chang-Seok Ki, Jin Kyung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(6):576-579.   Published online June 15, 2007
The syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is characterized by reduced tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormone (TH). In the majority of subjects, RTH is caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ) gene, located on the chromosome locus 3p24.3. RTH is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The clinical presentation of RTH is variable, but common features...
Original Article
Effects of growth hormone treatment on glucose metabolism in idiopathic short stature
Seung Yeon Kwon, Duk-Hee Kim, Ho-Seong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):665-671.   Published online June 15, 2006
Purpose : To study the effects of growth hormone(GH) treatment on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in children with idiopathic short stature(ISS). Methods : Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after GH treatment(0.6-0.7 IU/kg/week) in 20 patients with ISS. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment(HOMA). Results : During OGTT, the mean...
Serum Ferritin as a Risk Factor in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Jung Hyun Kim, Ho Seong Kim, Duk Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1239-1243.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : Iron accumulation interferes with hepatic insulin extraction and affects insulin synthesis and secretion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum ferritin and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods : We compared the serum ferritin level among 18 patients in an impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group, 36 in a type 1 diabetes group, eight in...
Serum Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Levels in Obese Adolescents
Jung Hyun Kwon, Hyun Jin Kim, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1172-1178.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : Childhood Obesity is increasing throughout the world, and it is known to incur many diseases especially in later life such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between obesity and insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) and know if these factors are useful in predicting cardiovascular...
Affecting Factors of Insulin Resistance in Obese Children and Adolescents
Duk Hee Kim, Ho Seon Eun, In Kyung Choi, Ho Seung Kim, Bong Soo Cha, Dong Kee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(10):1076-1081.   Published online October 15, 2005
Purpose : Insulin resistance is the most important risk factor linked to the development of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in childhood and adolescent obesity, The purpose of this study was to see whether insulin resistance of obese adolescent is higher than that of obese children. and to analyze gender difference and affecting factors of insulin resistance. Methods...
Serum Adiponectin Levels and Insulin Resistance in Obese Children
Hee-Sun Lee, Jin Lee, Min-Joo Kang, Byung-Min Choi, Kee-Hyoung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):481-487.   Published online May 15, 2005
Purpose : Adiponectin, adipose tissue-specific protein, has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. It has been found to have a negative correlation with obesity and to play a role in modulating glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Serum adiponectin concentrations are decreased in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the difference in adiponectin levels between obese and non-obese children, and...
Case Report
A Case of Pyomyositis and Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused by Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Yang Kyong Kim, Dal Hyon Kim, Soon Ki Kim, Byong Kwan Son, Young Jin Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):88-92.   Published online January 15, 2005
Pyomysitis is a primary acute bacterial infection of large skeletal muscule, usually occuring in the absence of specific cause of infection. Pyomyositis has been reported mainly in tropical countries and was rare in temperate climates. but it has been recognized with increasing frequency. Toxic shock syndrome(TSS) is an acute mutisystemic disease characterized by high fever, hypotension, multisystem dysfunction and erythematous...
Original Article
Penicillin Resistant Distribution and in-vitro Susceptibility of Oral Antibiotics against Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated from Pediatric Patients with Community- Acquired Respiratory Infections in Korea
Jin Han Kang, Sun Mi Kim, Jong Hyun Kim, Hur Jae Kyun, Kyung Yil Lee, Young Ku Shin, Su Eun Park, Sang Hyuk Ma, Young Jin Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):40-47.   Published online January 15, 2005
Purpose : S. pneumoniae is one of major pathogens of community-acquired respiratory infections. The rate of antibiotic resistance to this organism has increased, and resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents in a single strain of S. pneumoniae may compromise the efficacy of empiric antimicrobial treatment commonly used for respiratory infections. We did this study to find out the penicillin resistant distributions...
Prevalence of the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children
Sung Woog Hwang, Duk Hee Kim, Ho Seong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):13-20.   Published online January 15, 2005
Purpose : Obesity is, along with metabolic syndrome, closely related with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study tried to evaluate the prevalence of nonalcoholic liver disease in obese children and verify the factors associated with the disease. Methods : Two hundred and seventy nine children who showed a body mass index of 95 percentile over the baseline in health examinations...
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children
Jin Ha Chang, Duk Hee Kim, Ho-Seong Kim, In Kyoung Choi, My Young Cheong, Dong Kee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1149-1156.   Published online November 15, 2004
Purpose : Obesity has been known to be a cause of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, and along with coronary artery disease and diabetes, is associated with metabolic syndrome(MS). This study aimed to ascertain the cause and prevalence of MS in obese children and adolescents. Methods : Two hundred and seventy-seven school children, who showed more than a 95th percentile of body...
Epidemiological Study of Pneumococcal Nasal Carriage and Serotypes Among Korean Children
Sun Mi Kim, Jae Kyun Hur, Kyung Yil Lee, Young Kil Shin, Su Eun Park, Sang Hyuk Ma, Ahn Youn Min, Jin Han Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(6):611-616.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pneumococcal nasal carriage and confirm the distribution of pneumococcal capsular serotypes in Korean children below aged 5 years old. Another reason this study was performed was to identify the theoretical coverage by seven valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, and confirm the penicillin resistant rate. Methods : This study included...
Serogroup and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Oropharynx in Children Attending Day Care Center
Kyung Hyo Kim, Jong Eun Lee, Il Tae Whang, Kyung Ha Ryu, Young Mi Hong, Gyoung Hee Kim, Keun Lee, Eun-Suk Kang, Ki-Sook Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(3):346-353.   Published online March 15, 2002
Purpose : Penicillin- and multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae poses a serious threat to clinicians because the rate of resistance of S. pneumoniae to penicillin in Korea has surged up to the world's highest level. This study was performed to assess the carriage rate, serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolated from oropharynx in children. Methods : From March to July 1998,...
Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Isolated from Oropharynges of Children
Kyung Hyo Kim, Kyoung Ah Lim, Il Tae Whang, Young Mi Hong, Eun Sook Kang, Ki Sook Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(5):509-516.   Published online May 15, 2001
Purpose : Haemophilus influenzae, one of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, can cause such infections as otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, and meningitis in children. The oropharyngeal flora has therefore mainly been analyzed as a reservoir for pathogens. This study was performed to reveal the colonization rate of H. influenzae in the upper respiratory tract, their biotypes, their antimicrobial...
Treatment Outcome of Penicillin-resistant S. Pneumoniae Infection
Min Sook Choi, Young Won Kim, Dong Soo Kim, Kyung Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(2):149-153.   Published online February 15, 2001
Purpose : Streptococcus pneumoniae is a normal flora and common pathogen of the upper respiratory tract. S. pneumoniae infections are estimated to cause not only localized infection such as pneumonia, and otitis media, but also systemic infections, for example meningitis, sepsis, and so on. Recently, the resistance of S. pneumoniae to penicillin and multidrug has been rapidly increasing in many...
Case Report
A Case of Acute Leukemia Remitted by Adding Cyclosporin-A Previously Failed with Induction Therapy
Seat Byeoul Park, Byung Kyu Choe, Heung Sik Kim, Chin Moo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(7):988-992.   Published online July 15, 2000
Clinical chemotherapy refractoriness is characterized by resistance to multiple drugs. Multidrug resistance(MDR) is caused by over-reactivity of a unidirectional drug efflux pump, transmembrane glycoprotein(P-glycoprotein), which is encoded by the MDR1 gene. P-glycoprotein leads to increased drug efflux and decreased intracellular drug concentration. Clinical trials that attempt to reverse or modulate MDR have been done. Cyclosporin-A and verapamil are the most extensively studied agents and several...
Original Article
The Relation between Antibiotic Use and Changes of Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram Negative Bacilli Isolated in Chonbuk National University Hospital(1993-1997)
Min Ki Chang, Jung Min Chu, Hae Soo Lee, Jung Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(5):625-631.   Published online May 15, 2000
Purpose : Antimicrobial resistance has become a major medical and public health problem. This study was performed to evaluate the changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods : The susceptibility of 8,224 recent clinical isolates during a 5-year period from 1993 to 1997 were tested against 8 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion method. Results : E. coli...
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Children
Seong Hee Jang, Yoon Hwa Cha, Young Min Ahn, Sang Jae Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(6):818-825.   Published online June 15, 1997
Purpose : Initial drug resistance of children with tuberculosis is a useful performance indicator of tuberculosis control programme in the concerned country because it represented infection transmitted from adult patients with either primary or acquired drug resistance. But there have been a few studies available. The present study was made to know the incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in hopes of...
Normal Predicted Value of Airway Resistance by Flow Interrupter Technique in Korean Primary School-Aged Children
Byong Kwan Son, Dae Hyun Lim, Jeong Hee Kim, Jong Woon Choi, Soon Ki Kim, Sei Woo Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(8):1095-1102.   Published online August 15, 1996
Purpose : To get the normal predicted value of airway resistance in Korean primary school-aged children by using flow interrupter technique which is simple and easy enough to be applicable even to young children. Methods : Among all the children of one primary school, we selected 964 (Male 469, Female 495). Excluded children were out of normal range in growth with Korean standard and/or...
Airway Resistance after Exercise Loading Test in Asthmatic Children
Ji Eun Lee, Young Mi Hong, Kyung Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(10):1333-1339.   Published online October 15, 1994
Exercise induced asthma(EIA) is defined as acute, reversible, usually self-immiting airway obstruction which develop after strenous exercise in patients with asthma. EIA is a bigger problem in children than adults due to more active and smaller airways which obstruct more easily when bronchospasm develops. The exercise elicited amny change in pulmonary function of asthmatic children. These change could be measured...
Acute hemodynamic effects of increasing hemoglobin concentration in children with congenital heart disease and relative anemia.
You In Park, Young You, Chang Sung Son, Joo Won Lee, Young Chang Tocko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(6):787-795.   Published online June 30, 1991
The short-term effects of increasing hemoglobin concentration were evaluated on cardiac catheter- ization in nine patients with congenital heart diseases and relative anemia. Diagnosis were ventricular septal defect in six, tetralogy of Fallot in two, and endocardial cushion defect in one. Various hemodynamic data including pulmonary and systemic blood flow, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and the degree of shunt were compared before and...
A Study on Children with Dysentery-like Stool from Taegu Area in 1980.
Yong Hoon Cho, Sung Jee Nam, Ja Hoon Koo, Doo Hong Ahn, Sung Yong Seol
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1981;24(8):735-742.   Published online August 15, 1981
A clinical and laboratory study was conducted on 75 children with dysentery-like stool, who had been admitted or visited to our pediatric department, during 8 months period from January to August 1980. The following results were obtained: One to five years of age group was affected most frequently(47%), Shigella flexneri was identified by stool culture in 23 cases(30%) and Entameba...