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Review Article
Neuromuscular disorders in children : Diagnosis and treatment
Jong Hee Chae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(12):1295-1299.   Published online December 15, 2008
Inherited muscle diseases are heterogeneous with varying genetic etiologies and present with common symptoms and signs, including weakness, motor developmental delay, and hypotonia. To diagnose these various diseases, a meticulous family and clinical history, physical and neurological examinations, laboratory findings with electromyography, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing are needed. Here, I review several inherited muscle diseases, with a focus on...
Original Article
Diamond-Blackfan anemia: long-term follow-up of six cases
Young Jun Son, Hee Jo Baek, Hoon Kook
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(11):1211-1216.   Published online November 15, 2008
Purpose : Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare heterogeneous genetic disorder of infancy and early childhood. It is characterized by red cell aplasia, congenital anomalies, and a predisposition to cancer. Corticosteroids and red cell transfusions are the mainstays of therapy. We describe our experience of 6 cases of DBA that were encountered over a period of 16 years. Methods :...
Delayed closure effect in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus
Hyun Ju Lee, Gyu Hong Sim, Kyung Eun Jung, Jin A Lee, Chang Won Choi, Ee Kyung Kim, Han Suk Kim, Beyong Il Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1065-1070.   Published online October 15, 2008
Purpose : This study aims to determine whether early closure (within 7 d) of significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with indomethacin or ligation reduces neonatal morbidity when compared with delayed closure (after 7 d). Methods : Fifty-eight extremely-low-birth-weight infants admitted to the NICU of Seoul National University Hospital from April 2005 to May 2007 with PDA were studied retrospectively. Results :...
Efficacy and safety of electrolytes-free polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 for disimpaction in children with chronic functional constipation
Jeong Hee Lee, Ran Lee, Sun Hwan Bae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(4):391-395.   Published online April 15, 2008
Purpose : This study was performed evaluate optimal dose for disimpaction, efficacy and safety of PEG 4000 in children with chronic functional constipation. Methods : Eighty six children with chronic functional constipation were enrolled in this prospective study at Konkuk university hospital March, 2003 through August, 2006. Success in disimpaction with PEG 4000 was defined as meeting at least two out...
The clinical manifestations, the short- and long-term outcomes of Bartter syndrome
Hye Won Park, Joo Hoon Lee, Young Seo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1231-1240.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : Bartter syndrome is a renal tubular defect in electrolyte transport characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and other clinical signs and symptoms. The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical manifestations and the short- and long-term outcomes of Bartter syndrome. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed clinical history, laboratory finding of blood and urine, renal ultrasonography, and hearing...
Review Article
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Dong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1173-1179.   Published online December 15, 2007
The diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is based on patient's age at disease onset, symptom duration, gender, and clinical manifestations. JRA is of unknown origin, begins under the age of 16, and persists for a minimum of 6 weeks. JRA is categorized into three principal types, systemic, oligoarticular and polyarticular. Infection, other connective tissue diseases, malignancy, trauma, and immunodeficiency...
The myocarditis and cardiomyopathy in children
Hong Ryang Kil
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(11):1049-1054.   Published online November 15, 2007
Myocarditis represent an important condition encountered by general pediatricians & general practitioners. Its presentation is varied, and therefore a high index of suspicion must be maintained when the possibility of myocarditis is raised. A progression from viral myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy has long been hypothesized. Treatment is initially aimed at achieving hemodynamic stability and is largely supportive. There is currently...
Original Article
Clinical characteristics and progress of Kawasaki disease patients who had early treatment with intravenous immune globulin
So-Yoon Park, Young Hwan Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(10):1005-1010.   Published online October 15, 2007
Purpose : To determine the optimal time of high dose intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) treatment, we analysed the clinical characteristics and progress of a group of Kawasaki disease patients who had early treatment with IVIG. Method : A retrospective study was conducted of 188 patients with Kawasaki disease who were admitted to Yeungnam University Medical Center from January 2000 to December...
Review Article
The management and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Korean children
Byung-Ho Choe
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(9):823-834.   Published online September 15, 2007
Interferon (IFN) alpha has been the first line therapy of chronic hepatitis B in children, but HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 26% of treated children compared to 11% of controls in multinational randomized controlled study. Recently, lamivudine was shown to be a potent inhibitor of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reproduction both in HBeAg positive and in HBeAg negative (the pre-core mutant...
Hemophilia
Ki Young Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):821-829.   Published online August 15, 2006
Hemophilia is the most common coagulation disorder. It has a long history. Hemophilia A is caused by FVIII gene mutation, and hemophilia B by FIX gene mutation. Those genes are located on X chromosome long arm. Bleedings in hemophiliacs predominantly occur in joints and muscles. Because those site are insufficient in tissue factor to induce hemostasis. Among joints knee, ankle...
Allergic rhinitis in children : diagnosis and treatment
Yeong-Ho Rha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(6):593-601.   Published online June 15, 2006
Allergic rhinitis is a common disease of childhood characterized by nasal, throat, and ocular itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion. Those affected with allergic rhinitis often suffer from associated inflammatory conditions of the mucosa, such as allergic conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, otitis media with effusion, and other atopic conditions, such as eczema and food allergies. Allergic rhinitis must be diagnosed and treated...
Case Report
A case of a child with non-parasitic chyluria
Da Eun Jung, Ja Wook Koo, Sang Woo Kim, Hae Il Cheong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(3):326-328.   Published online March 15, 2006
Chyluria is the passage of milky urine due to the leakage of lymph into the urinary tract. Chyluria occurs predominantly in adults and is rare in children. We present an unusual case in which a child with proteinuria, hematuria and milky urine was subsequently diagnosed with non-parasitic chyluria. Retrograde cystogram confirmed a lymphatico-calyceal communication. This case showed spontaneous remission. The...
Original Article
The effect of local rifampicin instillation on the treatment of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis
Min Son Kim, Dae Sun Jo, Kang Mi Kyung, Sang Jae Kim, Jung Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(1):40-45.   Published online January 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types of lymphadenitis after BCG vaccination and the effect of local rifampicin instillation on the treatment of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis. Methods : A total of 32 otherwise healthy infants with suppurative BCG lymphadenitis, who visited the Department of Pediatrics of Chonbuk National University Hospital, from March 2002 through June 2004,...
Clinical Study of Acute Pyogenic Osteomyelitis in Children
Ji Sook Park, Jeong Suk Yeom, Sun Chul Hwang, Eun Sil Park, Ji Hyun Seo, Jae Young Lim, Chan Hoo Park, Hyang Ok Woo, Hee Shang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(7):731-736.   Published online July 15, 2005
Purpose : Acute pyogenic osteomyelitis is uncommon in children. Delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment are leading to growth failure and deformation. We review the clinical manifestations and treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children according to age. Methods : A retrospective analysis was made of 32 patients who underwent antibiotic management or operation between Aug 1989 and Dec 2003 for acute...
Statistical Analysis of 1,000 Cases of Kawasaki Disease Patients Diagnosed at a Single Institute
Dae Hwan Hwang, Kyoung Mi Sin, Kyong Min Choi, Jae Young Choi, Jun Hee Sul, Dong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(4):416-424.   Published online April 15, 2005
Purpose : To find the risk factors associated with coronory artery lesions, non-responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment, and recurrences in Kawasaki disease patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 1,000 Kawasaki disease patients who were admitted to Yonsei University Medical Center from September 1990 to December 2003. We compared between responder and non-responder groups to IVIG treatment as well as between relapsed...
Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacy between Lamivudine and Alpha-Interferon in Korean Children with Chronic Hepatitis B at Two Years after the Initiation of Treatment
Byung-Ho Choe, You Cheol Jang, Chang Hwan Jang, Ki Won Oh, Jun Hwa Lee, Cheol Woo Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):55-62.   Published online January 15, 2005
Purpose : We compared the therapeutic efficacy of lamivudine and alpha-interferon in children with chronic hepatitis B two years after the initiation of treatment, so that we could verify the safety and long term efficacy of lamivudine in children. Methods : We prospectively studied 44 children(32 male and 12 female; age, 1-18 years, mean, 9 years) treated for chronic hepatitis B...
Clinical Lecture
Treatment of Immue Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Childhood
Hwang Min Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(12):1262-1265.   Published online December 15, 2004
Childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is a typically benign self-limiting bleeding disorder of not fully known autoimmune etiology. Chronic ITP, which is defined by duration of more than 6 months, occurs in approximately 20% of children. Neither the risk of bleeding nor the type of disease, acute or chronic, can be predicted at initial presentation. The indication of treatment, choice...
The Pharmacotherapy of Childhood Epilepsy
Sang Ook Nam
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(8):821-826.   Published online August 15, 2004
Epilepsy is one of the most common and disabling neurologic disorders in childhood. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to choose the treatment modality that provides the best chance of improving the patient's quality of life. In addition to classic antiepileptic drugs, newly developed antiepileptic drugs ketogenic diet, epilepsy surgery, and vagal nerve stimulation have improved the ability to...
Original Article
Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease with Early Dexamethasone Treatment in less than 32 Weeks Premature : Randomized Controlled Study
So Yun Shim, Su Jin Cho, Eun Ae Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):521-526.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : The optimal timing and the consequences of dexamethasone therapy in chronic lung disease remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether early dexamethasone therapy would reduce the incidence of chronic lung disease and to determine the adverse effects and complications of prematurity associated with such therapy. Methods : Twenty neonates with hyaline membrane disease(dexamethasone n=10, placebo...
Manifestation of Coronary Artery Lesions after Immunoglobulin Re-treatment in Initial Immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki Disease
Hyo Jung Suk, In Sung Kim, Jo Won Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):424-429.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : To evaluate the predictable factors for why initial intravenous immune globulin(IVIG) therapy failed and the outcome of coronary lesions after additional IVIG retreated in initial IVIG- resistant Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Retrospective studies were performed on 284 cases of KD treated with one episode of high-dose IVIG and 63 cases with additional IVIG retreatment at this hospital from January...
The Effect of Growth Hormone on Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature
Jeong Cheol Kang, Yoon Suk Choi, In Kyong Choi, Ho Sung Kim, Duk Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(3):310-318.   Published online March 15, 2004
Purpose : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of growth hormones on children with growth hormone deficiency(GHD) or idiopathic short stature(ISS). Methods : Between January 1988 to July 2003, 45 patients(M26, F19) with GHD and 24 patients (M13, F11) with ISS were enrolled in this study. Height standard deviation score(Ht SDS) for chronological age(CA) and Ht SDS for bone...
Clinical Lecture
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children : Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment
Yon Ho Choe
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(3):235-239.   Published online March 15, 2004
Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is mainly acquired in childhood. The prevalence of infection is still highest in children in the developing world. There has been a need for clinical guidelines for H. pylori infection in children. Therefore, the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and the European Paediatric Task Force on H. pylori achieved consensus and developed clinical...
Original Article
Factors Affecting on Final Adult Height and Total Height Gain in Children with Idiopathic and Organic Growth Hormone Deficiency after Growth Hormone Treatment
Im Jeong Choi, Jin Soon Hwang, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(8):803-810.   Published online August 15, 2003
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the final adult height and total height gain in idiopathic and organic growth hormone deficient(GHD) children after growth hormone(GH) treatment. Methods : Thirteen patients with idiopathic GHD and 22 patients with organic GHD who had been treated with GH and attained adult final height were included in this...
The Clinical and Laboratory Features of Kawasaki Disease with Nonresponsibility to the Acute Antiinflammatory Treatment
Eun-Jung Kim, Myung-Eun Hong, Chang-Woo Lee, Yeon-Geun Oh, Jong-Duk Kim, Hyang-Suk Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(5):500-504.   Published online May 15, 2003
Purpose : To assess the clinical features and laboratory findings in Kawasaki patients with nonresponsibility to the acute antiinflammatory treatment, and identify the risk factors for the nonresponsibility, we reviewed the medical records of patients with Kawasaki disease. Methods : A retrospective study of 177 patients with Kawasaki disease at Wonkwang University Medical Center from June, 1997 to June, 2002, was...
High-dose Intravenous Immune Globulin Retreatment in Kawasaki Disease
So Yun Shim, Mi Young Heo, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sonh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(10):1273-1277.   Published online October 15, 2002
Purpose : To determine clinical features, laboratory findings and cardiac abnormalities of highdose immune globulin(IVIG) retreatment in patients with Kawasaki disease, and to report effectiveness of retreatment. Methods : Retrospective study of 174 children diagnosed with Kawasaki disease at Ewha Mokdong hospital from March, 1999 to July, 2001. Results : Twenty(11.5%) of 174 patients were retreated with high-dose IVIG. After this, only two patients(1.1%) did not...
Results of Treatment for Children with Primary Brain Tumors : Long-Term Follow Up Results of a Single Institute
Sung-Yeon Choi, Sung-Chul Won, Chuhl-Joo Lyu, Seung-Hwan Oh, Chang-Hyun Yang, Chang-Ok Suh, Joong-Uhn Choi, Byung-Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(8):1016-1023.   Published online August 15, 2002
Purpose : Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor in children. We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of pediatric brain tumors, such as age, sex, tumor site and survival, as seen in a single institution over the last 15 years. We tried to evaluate the role of chemotherapy on the survival of some brain tumors. Methods : Three hundred...
Case Report
Two Cases of Primary Segmental Infarction of the Greater Omentum
Do Yeon Kim, Weon Park, Dong Jin Lee, Jung Hyeok Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(6):694-699.   Published online June 15, 2001
Primary segmental infarction of the greater omentum is a rare condition which usually simulates acute appendicitis or cholesystitis because of right-sided abdominal pain, tenderness, fever and leukocytosis. Its cause is unknown. Most authors believe that the condition results from an embryologic variant associated with anomalous and fragile blood supply of the right lower portion of the greater omentum, which is...
Original Article
Intravenous Gamma-globulin Retreatment in Kawasaki Disease
Young Ah Lee, Hyun Kee Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(11):1488-1494.   Published online November 15, 2000
Purpose : This study was designed to determine the outcome and safety of intravenous gamma- globulin(IVGG) retreatment in Kawasaki disease. Methods : A clinical observation of the therapeutic effects, laboratory findings and echocardiograms was carried out on 72 patients with Kawasaki disease in Kosin University Hospital from 1991 to 1999. 27 patients were treated with 1g/kg/day IVGG for 2 days,...
A Clinical Study of Intravenous Gamma Globulin Re-treatment in Kawasaki Disease
Na Yeon Kim, Chun Hyuk Chang, Dong Seok Lee, Doo Kwun Kim, Sung Min Choi, Woo Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(2):223-228.   Published online February 15, 2000
Purpose : Intravenous gamma globulin(IVGG) treatment has reduced symptoms and complications in Kawasaki disease(KD). However, fever persisted in 20-30% of the patients, and there are no reliable data on the indication and dosage of IVGG re-treatment. Therefore, we tried to reveal the effectiveness of IVGG re-treatment and to find risk factors in predicting the re-treatment. Methods : Among 57 patients with...
Renal Problems in Wilson Disease
Il Soo Ha, Jun Ho Lee, Yeon Ho Choe, Hae Il Cheong, Sei Won Yang, Young Yull Koh, Jeong Kee Seo, Yong Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(6):817-824.   Published online June 15, 1999
Purpose : Wilson disease is a hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by an accumulation of copper in tissues which sometimes results in renal problems. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalences of the renal problems in Wilson disease and related risk factors. Methods : In 31 patients with Wilson disease, we looked for renal problems by history taking, physical examination...