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Volume 53(2); Feb 2010
Review Articles
Environmental tobacco smoke and childhood asthma
Dae Jin Song
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):121-128.   Published online February 15, 2010
In recent years, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has become an important worldwide public health issue. Children are particularly vulnerable to ETS because they are still developing. ETS exposure causes a wide range of adverse health effects on childhood asthma. There is convincing evidence that ETS exposure is causally associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, increased severity of asthma and...
Human rhinoviruses and asthma in children
Woo Kyung Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):129-135.   Published online February 15, 2010
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) is a nonenveloped, single stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Picornavirudae. Transmission by direct contact such as hand-to-hand, hand-to-nose, and hand-to-eye has been readily demonstrated in experimental settings. HRV are the most frequent causes of common cold infection, however, they are also known to replicate in the lower respiratory tract and associated with more severe respiratory...
Natural killer T cell and pathophysiology of asthma
Gwang Cheon Jang
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):136-145.   Published online February 15, 2010
Natural killer T (NKT) cell is a special type of T lymphocytes that has both receptor of natural killer (NK) cell (NK1.1, CD161c) and T cell (TCR) and express a conserved or invariant T cell receptor called Vα14Jα18 in mice or Va24 in humans. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cell recognizes lipid antigen presented by CD1d molecules. Marine-sponge-derived glycolipid, α- galactosylceremide (α-GalCer),...
Original Articles
A study of factors influencing advanced puberty
Yong Jun Park, Chang Min Moon, Hwang Jae Yoo
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):146-151.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the timing of puberty and the factors inducing advanced puberty in elemental school students of low grades. Methods : The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade elemental students from the Goyang province were randomly selected, and their sexual maturation rate was assessed by physical examination. After obtaining an informed consent, a questionnaire...
Clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants and preschool children
Kyoung Huh, Mi Kyeong Woo, Jung Rim Yoon, Gyu Hong Shin, Myoung Jae Chey, Mi Jung Park
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):152-157.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Vitamin D deficiency rickets is a significant public health problem that results from insufficient exposure to sunlight and inadequate vitamin D supplementation. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants. Methods : Data of 35 infants diagnosed as vitamin D deficiency rickets at Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from March...
Clinical disease characteristics according to karyotype in Turner syndrome
Chae Young Yeo, Chan Jong Kim, Young Jong Woo, Dae Yeol Lee, Min Sun Kim, Eun Young Kim, Jong Duck Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):158-162.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Turner syndrome (TS) is a disorder in which various anomalies can be accompanied, especially cardiovascular, renal, thyroid and auditory problems. The aim of this study is to identify the incidence of these disorders in patients with TS according to karyotype. Methods : We reviewed medical records of 90 patients with TS diagnosed by chromosomal analysis in 4 hospitals...
Ocular manifestations in Leigh syndrome
Kyo Ryung Kim, Suk Ho Byeon, Young Mock Lee, Hoon Chul Kang, Joon Soo Lee, Heung Dong Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):163-166.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Leigh syndrome is a typical type of mitochondrial disease. This study was conducted to analyze the types of ophthalmologic symptoms and results of funduscopy conducted in the ophthalmologic examination of patients with Leigh syndrome. Methods : Funduscopy was conducted on 24 subjects, who were chosen among those diagnosed as having mitochondrial respiratory chain complex defect and who were clinically...
Analysis of prognostic factors of laparotomy for necrotizing enterocolitis in extremely low birth weight infants
Jin Kyu Kim, Yi Sun Kim, Hye Soo Yoo, So Yoon Ahn, Hyun ju Seo, Seo Heui Choi, Soo Kyung Park, Yu Jin Jung, Myo Jing Kim, Ga Won Jeon, Soo Hyun Koo, Kyung-Hoon Lee, Yun Sil Chang, Won Soon Park
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):167-172.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : With improved survival of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), there is an increase in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) requiring laparotomy, and the risk of morbidity and mortality in these ELBWI is increased. Thus, we determined the prognostic factors in ELBWI who underwent laparotomy for NEC. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 35 ELBWI...
Risk factors associated with complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in neonates
Young Jin Lee, Hyen Jin Kim, Shin Yun Byun, Su Eun Park, Hee Ju Park
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):173-177.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen that causes nosocomial infection in NICU. It contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality with variable complications. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with complicated MRSA bacteremia in neonates. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 44 neonates with positive blood culture for MRSA who were admitted...
Detection of genetic mutations associated with macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chi Eun Oh, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):178-183.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : The aim of this study was to identify mutations associated with macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and to establish a cultural method to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from 62 children diagnosed with MP pneumonia by a serologic method or polymerase chain reaction. The 23S rRNA and L4 ribosomal protein genes of MP...
Pseudomembranous colitis in children: Experience of a university hospital in Korea
Jae Hyun Park, Kyung Ji Kang, Yu Na Kang, Ae Suk Kim, Jin-Bok Hwang
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):184-189.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) occurs rarely in children, but its incidences are increasing due to frequent antibiotic use. We investigated the incidence and clinical characteristics of PMC accompanied by bacterial enteritis-like symptoms in children. Methods : Between November 2003 and July 2007 at the Department of Pediatrics, Dongsan Medical Center, we analyzed the medical records of consecutive patients who received...
Acoustic variations associated with congenital heart disease
Jung Eun Oh, Yoon Mi Choi, Sun Jun Kim, Chan Uhng Joo
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):190-194.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : To investigate the nature of deviant voice physiology in preoperative children with congenital heart disease. Methods : Ninety-four children with congenital heart disease were enrolled. Their cries and related acoustic variables (fundamental frequency, duration, noise to harmonic ratio, jitter￠￢ and shimmer) were analyzed using a multi-dimensional voice program. Results : The average fundamental frequency showed a significant decrease in patent...
Surgical outcome of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to left-to-right shunt lesions
Cha Gon Lee, Su In Jeong, June Huh, I-Seok Kang, Heung Jae Lee, Ji-Hyuk Yang, Tae Gook Jun
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):195-202.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Despite recent advances in pulmonary hypertension management and surgery, appropriate guidelines remain to be developed for operability in congenital heart disease with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Our aim was to evaluate clinical outcomes of patients with severe PAH who underwent surgical closure of left-to-right shunt lesions (LRSL) on the basis of pulmonary reactivity. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 21...
Final height of patients with congenital heart disease
Soon Ju Lee, Young Kuk Cho, Jae Sook Ma
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):203-209.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Growth impairment is usually observed in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Studies on the final height and weight of this population are insufficient. Our aim was to evaluate the final height of children with CHD and to identify the relationship between CHD and growth. Methods : We recorded the values of final height and weights of 105 CHD...
Ototoxicity in children receiving cisplatin chemotherapy
Hee Jin Jang, Hyung Rae Cho, Jae Hee Lee, Kun Yuk Bae, Jong Jin Seo, Hyung Nam Moon, Ho Joon Im
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):210-214.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Cisplatin is highly effective for the treatment of solid tumors in children. However, the clinical use of cisplatin is limited by its ototoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ototoxicity in children treated with cisplatin. Methods : We performed a single institution retrospective analysis of pediatric oncology patients who received cisplatin therapy between January 2001 and...
Association between polymorphisms in Interleukin-17 receptor A gene and childhood IgA nephropathy
Seung-Ah Baek, Won-Ho Hahn, Byoung-Soo Cho, Sung-Do Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):215-221.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is produced by activated CD4+T cells and exhibits pleiotropic biological activity on various cell types. IL-17 was reported to be involved in the immunoregulatory response in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Our aim was to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) gene and childhood IgAN. Methods : We analyzed the SNPs in the...
The relationships between clinical variables and renal parenchymal disease in pediatric clinically suspected urinary tract infection
Jung Lim Byun, Sang Taek Lee, Sochung Chung, Kyo Sun Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):222-227.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : To evaluate the significance of clinical signs and laboratory findings as predictors of renal parenchymal lesions and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in childhood urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods : From July 2005 to July 2008, 180 patients admitted with a first febrile UTI at the Pediatric Department of Konkuk University Hospital were included in this study. The following were...
The characteristic laboratory findings of non-responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with Kawasaki disease
Han Gil Cho, Young Kuk Cho, Jae Sook Ma
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):228-234.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment is an effective first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease, 10-20% of the patients develop persistent fever or coronary artery complications. Medical records of Kawasaki disease patients were reviewed to assess the characteristic laboratory findings of IVIG nonresponsiveness. Methods : We reviewed the clinical records of 118 children with Kawasaki disease who were treated at...
Case Reports
Two cases of Fabry disease identified in brothers
Ji Eun Cho, Yong Hee Hong, Yang Gyun Lee, Han Wook Yoo, Dong Hwan Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):235-238.   Published online February 15, 2010
Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the α-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme. We report two cases of Fabry disease in a 12-year-old boy who had acroparesthesia and in his elder brother with milder symptoms who were diagnosed by GLA activity assays and the presence of the GLA gene...
High-dose caspofungin salvage in a very-low-birth-weight infant with refractory candidemia
Eun Sun Seo, Geun Hwa Park, Sung Mi Kim, Hye An Jung, Byoung Kuk Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):239-243.   Published online February 15, 2010
Candidiasis is one of the most common causes of late-onset infection among very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBW) in most neonatal intensive care units and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Standard therapy consists of the administration of amphotericin B, amphotericin B complex, and fluconazole. In many cases, candidiasis is not easily eradicated, despite the administration of these drugs. We report our...
Decreased heart sound in a healthy newborn: Spontaneous multiseptated cystic pneumomediastinum with delayed respiratory distress
Young June Choe, Eun eun Kim, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim, Jung-Eun Chun, Woo Sun Kim, In-One Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):244-247.   Published online February 15, 2010
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the absence of predisposing risk factors has been rarely observed in full-term neonates. A 3-day-old neonate, delivered vaginally at term without any perinatal complications or signs of respiratory difficulty, was referred to the Seoul National University Children’s Hospital because of reduced heart sound detected during routine neonatal examination. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed air collection in the...
Anomalous origin of left coronary artery arising from the right coronary cusp presenting with chest discomfort and syncope on physical exercise
Ran Baik, Nam Kyun Kim, Han Ki Park, Young Hwan Park, Byung Won Yoo, Jae Young Cho
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):248-252.   Published online February 15, 2010
Anomalous origins of coronary arteries are a rare type of disease among children. These anomalies can be categorized into 3 types according to the anatomical relationship of the aorta and pulmonary trunks. Among these types, the interarterial type, as observed in our case, needs early diagnosis and treatment, because it can increase the risk for the patient, causing sudden cardiac...
A case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome as an early manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Dong Kyun Han, Hee Jo Baek, Young Kuk Cho, Chan Jong Kim, Myung Geun Shin, Hoon Kook, Tai Ju Hwang
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):253-257.   Published online February 15, 2010
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children younger than 4 years and is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia. HUS associated with diarrheal prodrome is usually caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 or by Shigella dysenteriae, which generally has a better outcome. However, atypical cases show a...
A case of postoperative nasopharyngeal reflux associated with retropharyngeal lymphangioma in newborn infant
Kyo Yeon Koo, Jun Seok Lee, Soon Min Lee, Min Soo Park, Ran Namgung, Kook In Park, Chul Lee, Choon Sik Yoon, Woo Hee Jung, Hong Shik Choi
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):258-261.   Published online February 15, 2010
Lymphangioma is a rare benign congenital tumor of the lymphatic system, which is commonly diagnosed before 2 years of age. In the natronal report, cystic lymphangioma was usually reported as a huge translucent mass located in the head and neck area. It's occurrence in retropharyngeal space with respiratory obstruction and swallowing difficulty in neonate is extremely rare and postoperative nasopharyngeal...
A case of postoperative nasopharyngeal reflux associated with retropharyngeal lymphangioma in newborn infant
Ah Reum Kwon, Eun Jung Park, Ki Hwan Kim, Dong Soo Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(2):262-266.   Published online February 15, 2010
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a major proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathophysiology of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Etanercept is an effective inhibitor of TNF-α and has shown a beneficial effect in patients with JRA. However, the most important cause of concern related to etanercept administration is infection. We report a case of encephalitis in a JRA patient receiving long-term treatment...