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Original Article

Neonatal Facial and Cry Responses to Invasive and Non-invasive Procedures

Seon Hwa Seo, Young Pyo Chang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(11):1520-1528. Published online November 15, 1997

Purpose : The evaluation of pain in neonates is difficult due to their limited means of communication. The aim of this study was to determine whether the behavioral reactions of facial action and cry provoked by an invasive pain-induced procedure could be discriminated from the reactions to a noninvasive pain-induced procedure in normal full-term neonates. Methods : Thirty-six healthy full-term neonates received three pain-induced...

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