Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Endocrinology

Linking pediatric obesity to youth-onset type 2 diabetes: integrated longitudinal and cross-sectional evidence from population-based studies worldwide

Ashraf T. Soliman, Fawzia Alyafei, Nada Alaaraj, Noor Hamed, Shayma Mohamed, Ahmed Elawwa

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(8):622-635. Published online July 20, 2026

Pediatric obesity and youth-onset type 2 diabetes have increased simultaneously across 6 continents over the last 25 years. Approximately 75% of affected youths are obese at diagnosis, beta-cell declines occur rapidly, and microvascular complications occur early. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and bariatric surgery achieve meaningful weight loss and glycemic improvement; however, the primary prevention of childhood obesity remains the most powerful strategy for arresting this epidemic.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2026.01228

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome

Jin Soon Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):710-717. Published online July 15, 2006

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents has been increasing for last 10 years. The increase in frequency of type 2 diabetes appears to parallel the increase in prevalence and severity of obesity in children and adolescents. The metabolic syndrome, cluster of potent risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, consists of insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension...

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Original Article

Serum Ferritin as a Risk Factor in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Jung Hyun Kim, Ho Seong Kim, Duk Hee Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1239-1243. Published online November 15, 2005

Purpose : Iron accumulation interferes with hepatic insulin extraction and affects insulin synthesis and secretion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum ferritin and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods : We compared the serum ferritin level among 18 patients in an impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group, 36 in a type 1 diabetes group, eight in...

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children

Jee Min Park, Eun Gyong Yoo, Duk Hee Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(5):646-653. Published online May 15, 2002

Purpose : The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children has been increasing worldwide recently, which is thought to be related to the increasing prevalence of obesity. We investigated to evaluate the incidence and the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and also analysed the relationship between intrauterine growth retardation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods :...

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Usefulness of Minimal Model Analysis : Measurement of Insulin Sensitivity, Glucose Effectiveness, and Insulin Secretory Capacity from Pancreatic Islet Cells in Children with Simple Obesity or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Se Young Kim, Sei Won Yang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(4):561-570. Published online April 15, 1999

Purpose : It is known that insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia from pancreatic islet cells to overcome insulin resistance could develop in children with simple obesity. When insulin resistance is aggravated by decompensation of high insulin secretion, obese children frequently progress to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). The purpose of the present study was to measure insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness,...

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