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Original Article
Clinical characteristics and prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in children less than two years of age
Ji Hyun Yoon, Cheong Soo Park, Ji Young Seo, Yun Sun Choi, Young Min Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(7):298-303.   Published online July 31, 2011
Purpose

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency and its association with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Methods

A total of 171 children aged less than two years underwent 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 tests between January 2007 and July 2009. The study was classified into two groups: normal and vitamin D insufficiency, by their vitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels.

Results

In total, 120 children were in the...

Review Article
Nutritional management of breastfeeding infants for the prevention of common nutrient deficiencies and excesses
Jin Soo Moon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(7):282-286.   Published online July 31, 2011

Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition for every infant, and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is usually optimal in the common clinical situation. However, inappropriate complementary feeding could lead to a nutrient-deficient status, such as iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency, and growth faltering. The recent epidemic outbreak of obesity in Korean children emphasizes the need for us to...

Case Report
A case of intracranial hemorrhage in a neonate with congenital factor VII deficiency
Won Seok Lee, Young Sil Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(10):913-916.   Published online October 31, 2010

Congenital factor VII deficiency is a rare autosomal-recessive bleeding disorder. Bleeding manifestations and clinical findings vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic subjects to patients with hemorrhages that may cause significant handicaps. Treatment has traditionally involved factor VII(FVII) replacement therapy using fresh frozen plasma, prothrombin complex concentrates or plasma-derived FVII concentrates. Recombinant activated FVII (NovoSeven®) is currently considered the first-line treatment for...

Original Article
Prevalence and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in young adults with childhood-onset hypopituitary growth hormone deficiency
Han Hyuk Lim, Min Jae Kang, In Suk Yun, Young Ah Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(10):892-897.   Published online October 31, 2010
Purpose

This study evaluated the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk factors for metabolic derangement in young adults with childhood-onset hypopituitary growth hormone deficiency (ACOHGHD).

Methods

Thirty patients with ACOHGHD who were treated with hormone-replacement therapy, aged 18 to 29 years, who visited the Seoul National University Children's Hospital between September 2009 and February 2010 were enrolled. Height, weight, waist circumference,...

Case Report
A case of anemia caused by combined vitamin B12 and iron deficiency manifesting as short stature and delayed puberty
Seung Min Song, Keun Wook Bae, Hoi-Soo Yoon, Ho Joon Im, Jong-Jin Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(5):661-665.   Published online May 31, 2010

Anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from inadequate dietary intake is rare in children in the modern era because of improvements in nutritional status. However, such anemia can be caused by decreased ingestion or impaired absorption and/or utilization of vitamin B12. We report the case of an 18-year-old man with short stature, prepubertal sexual maturation, exertional dyspnea, and severe...

A case of Hyper-IgE syndrome with a mutation of the STAT3 gene
Ji-man Kang, Jungmun Suh, Jihyun Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Yae-jean Kim, Hun Seok Lee, Young Kee Shin, Kangmo Ahn, Sang-Il Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):592-597.   Published online April 15, 2010
Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare immunodeficiency disease which is characterized by high serum IgE levels, eczema, and recurrent infections. Herein we present the case of a patient with HIES associated with STAT3 gene (stat3) mutation. A 16 year-old girl was admitted to our hospital due to hemoptysis caused by pneumonia with bronchiectasis. She had a history of recurrent...
Original Article
Relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile convulsion in infants
Youn Soo Jun, Ho Il Bang, Seung Taek Yu, Sae Ron Shin, Du Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):392-396.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : The association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile convulsion in infants has been examined in several studies with conflicting results. Therefore, the authors aimed to evaluate the precise relationship involved. Methods : In this case-control study, the authors assessed 100 children with a diagnosis of febrile convulsion, aged between 9 months and 2 years, during January 2007 to...
Clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants and preschool children
Kyoung Huh, Mi Kyeong Woo, Jung Rim Yoon, Gyu Hong Shin, Myoung Jae Chey, Mi Jung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):152-157.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : Vitamin D deficiency rickets is a significant public health problem that results from insufficient exposure to sunlight and inadequate vitamin D supplementation. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants. Methods : Data of 35 infants diagnosed as vitamin D deficiency rickets at Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from March...
Case Report
Perianastomotic ulceration presenting with long-term iron deficiency anemia and growth failure: A case report and review of the literature
Kyung Ji Kang, Eun Ha Kim, Eun Young Jung, Woo-Hyun Park, Yu-Na Kang, Ae Suk Kim, Jin-Bok Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(1):89-92.   Published online January 15, 2010
Perianastomotic ulceration (PAU) rarely occurs after small bowel resection in infancy. Since the understanding of its pathogenesis is incomplete, an effective method of treatment has not yet been discovered. We report the first case in Korea of a 10-year-old girl with chronic iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and growth failure who was diagnosed with PAU at colonoscopy. Seven years were required...
Review Article
Recent concepts on vitamin D in children and adolescents
Hye Ran Yang, Jeong Wan Seo, Yong Joo Kim, Jae Young Kim, Eell Ryoo, Jae Geon Sim, Hye Won Yom, Ju Young Chang, Ji A Jung, Kwang Hae Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1082-1089.   Published online October 15, 2009
Vitamin D is an important fat-soluble vitamin that functions as a prohormone and affects bone mineralization and calcium homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency causesboth musculoskeletal manifestations, including rickets, and extra-musculoskeletal symptoms. Because vitamin D is naturally present in only some foods, intake of daily foods cannot meet the dietary reference intake for vitamin D. Sunlight is the main source of vitamin...
Case Report
A Korean familial case of hereditary complement 7 deficiency
Moon Kyu Ki, Kyung Yul Lee, Jun Hwa Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):721-724.   Published online June 15, 2009
Meningococcal infections can be associated with abnormalities of the complement system, which contains 5 terminal complement proteins. Furthermore, deficiencies in 1 of these 5, complement component 7 (C7), leads to the loss of complement lytic function, and affected patients show increased susceptibility to recurrent meningococcal meningitis and systemic Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. In September 2003, an 11-year-old female patient presented at...
Review Article
Recent advance in primary immune deficiency disorders
Hyoung Jin Kan, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):649-654.   Published online June 15, 2009
The immune system is comprised of cells and molecules whose collective and coordinated response to the introduction of foreign substance is referred to as the immune response. Defense against microbes is mediated by the early reaction (innate immunity) and the late response (adaptive immunity). Innate immunity consists of the epithelial barrier, phagocytes, complement and natural killer cells. Adaptive immunity, a...
Original Article
Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and children
Meong Hi Son, Jung Suk Yeom, Ji Suk Park, Eun Sil Park, Ji Hyun Seo, Jae Young Lim, Chan Hoo Park, Hyang Ok Woo, Hee Shang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):544-548.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To elucidate a potential association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants and children in terms of the other factors related to iron utilization and storage although the association of ferritin was previously studied. Methods : We evaluated 135 infants (aged 6-24 months) admitted at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 2000 to 2006. Western blot...
Factors for persistent growth hormone deficiency in young adults with childhood onset growth hormone deficiency
Young Ah Lee, Hye Rim Chung, Se Min Lee, Jae Hyun Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Sun Hee Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):227-233.   Published online February 15, 2009
Purpose : Growth hormone (GH) replacement after retesting is necessary because impairment of body composition and cardiovascular health has been more severe in adult patients with persistent GH deficiency (GHD) from childhood to adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the factors for persistent GHD and define a highly probable group of persistent GHD in young adults with childhood-onset GHD. Methods :...
Weaning food practice in children with iron deficiency anemia
Joo Hee Chang, Woo Sik Cheong, Yong Hoon Jun, Soon Ki Kim, Hung Sik Kim, Sang Kyu Park, Kyung Ha Ryu, Eun Sun Yoo, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Kun soo Lee, Kwang Chul Lee, Jae Young Lim, Du Young Choi, Byung Kyu Choe, Eun Jin Choi, Bong Soon Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):159-166.   Published online February 15, 2009
Purpose : Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in children on a weaning diet. We investigated weaning practices in infants and children, as well as their mothers' knowledge about weaning. Methods : We investigated 129 children with IDA and 166 without IDA (aged 6-36 months) who had visited 10 university hospitals between March 2006...
Study on the diagnostic utility of serum levels of insulin-like growth Factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in growth hormone deficiency
Geun Ha Chi, Jeong Nyeo Lee, Woo Yeong Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(12):1329-1335.   Published online December 15, 2008
Purpose : This study aimed to determine the best cutoff line for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 to discriminate between growth hormone deficiency (GHD) patients and the control group. Methods : Two hundred thirty subjects with normal controls (129 boys and 101 girls, aged 7-15 years), 14 patients with complete GHD (12 boys and...
Case Report
A case of restless legs syndrome in a child presenting with growing pains
Dong Soon Kim, Hong Beom Shin, Young Min Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(11):1222-1227.   Published online November 15, 2008
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological sleep disorder in adults characterized by the following diagnostic criteria: an urge to move that is usually associated with unpleasant sensations and symptoms that are worse at rest, relieved by movement, and most severe at night. The definite diagnosis of RLS in children is stricter and consists of self-description of leg discomfort...
Original Article
Reticulocyte hemoglobin content for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in young children with acute infection
Jon Soo Kim, Jun Seok Choi, Doo Young Choi, Chur Woo You
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):827-833.   Published online August 15, 2008
Purpose : Early identification of iron deficiency in young children is essential to prevent damaging long-term consequences. It is often difficult for the pediatrician to know which indices should be used when diagnosing these conditions especially in hospitalized young children. This study investigated the clinical significances of reticulocyte hemoglobin content in young children with acute infection. Methods : We studied...
A comparative study on iron deficiency anemia based on feeding patterns of nine-month-old infants
Hyun Jin Yun, Eun Jeong Choi, Eun Jin Choi, Su Young Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):820-826.   Published online August 15, 2008
Purpose : This study was conducted to evaluate the red cell indices and frequency of iron deficiency anemia based on the feeding patterns of nine-month-old infants. Methods : Blood tests were performed on 253 nine-month-old infants, who visited Il Sin Christian Hospital for health check- ups from January to December 2007. Their parents answered telephonic questions regarding their feeding patterns...
Eight cases of incidentally diagnosed as subclinical rickets
Ji-Young Seo, Curie Kim, Hee-Woo Lee, Young-Min Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):812-819.   Published online August 15, 2008
Purpose : Vitamin D plays a key role in bone mineralization of the skeleton and vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets. It is well known that vitamin D deficiency is common in breast fed infants. Of these patients, clinically, some have no signs of rickets, but laboratory and radiographic findings are diagnostic for vitamin D deficiency rickets (subclinical vitamin...
A study of mothers knowledge of weaning of infants with iron-deficiency anemia
Sung Jin Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Joo Hee Chang, Yong Hun Jun, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son, Soon Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(5):468-473.   Published online May 15, 2008
Purpose : Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is still one of the most common nutrient deficiency disorders, despite improvements in general health and nutrition. This study was designed to investigate the diagnostic values of hematological profiles, including the level of ferritin, and to evaluate the knowledge of mothers on weaning practices for infants and young children with IDA. Methods : This study...
Case Report
A case of lethal kwashiorkor caused by feeding only with cereal grain
Hyun Ju Lee, Kyung Hye Km, Hye Jin Park, Kye Hyang Lee, Gyeong Hoon Lee, Eun Jin Choi, Jin Kyung Kim, Hai Lee Chung, Woo Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(3):329-334.   Published online March 15, 2008
Kwashiorkor is a syndrome of severe protein malnutrition, which manifests itself in hypoalbuminemia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and edema. It can be life-threatening due to associated immune deficiency and an increased susceptibility to infections. Kwashiorkor should be treated early with nutritional support and the control of infection. Dilated cardiomyopathy may develop during the treatment and in such cases a poor prognosis is...
Original Article
Clinical, endocrinological and radiological courses in patients who was initially diagnosed as idiopathic central diabetes insipidus
Seung Joon Chung, Seong Yong Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(11):1110-1115.   Published online November 15, 2007
Purpose : Idiopathic central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is defined in CDI patients without definite etiology. Some patients initially diagnosed as idiopathic CDI progressed to organic causes. We reviewed clinical, endocrinological, and radiological courses of 20 patients who was initially diagnosed as idiopathic CDI, to assess the predicting factors for progression to brain tumors. Methods : We reviewed the medical data and...
The iron status and the relationship between iron deficiency and body mass index in middle school girls
Hee Youn Han, Chang Joo Hee, Hae Sun Shim, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son, Hwan Cheol Kim, Soon Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(11):1174-1179.   Published online November 15, 2006
Purpose : Obesity and iron deficiency are common nutritional problems. Obese children are known to have iron deficiencies, but one presented opposite opinion in Korea. This study investigated the prevalence of obesity and iron deficiency in Incheon and the relationship between iron deficiency and obesity. Methods : Physical measurement and hematologic examinations were done a 764 healthy female students aged 14...
Review Article
Treatment and management of patients with inherited metabolic diseases
Jin-Sung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(11):1152-1157.   Published online November 15, 2006
Inherited metabolic disease is rare disorders that show symptoms mainly in pediatric age and early treatment is important for preventing complications of the disease. Recent development in molecular and biochemical techniques help clinicians with proper diagnosis of patients, however, many of the disease still remain lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Better understanding on biochemical and molecular basis of pathogenesis of...
Current use of growth hormone in children
Choong Ho Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):703-709.   Published online July 15, 2006
Since the advent of growth hormone(GH), children with a wide variety of growth disorders have received GH treatment. In GH deficiency(GHD), Turner syndrome, chronic renal failure, children born small for gestational age, Prader-Willi syndrome, and idiopathic short stature, the therapeutic effects and safety profile of GH are reviewed. GH therapy has been clearly shown to improve height velocity and final...
Original Article
A study on cow's milk and nursing method in relation to iron deficiency
Ji Ung Kang, So Hee Jin, Kyung Dan Choi, Young Taek Jang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):144-149.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : This study investigated the breast-feeding period, the milk bottle-using period, the age of cow's milk, introduced and the amount of cow's milk consumed in relation to anemia. Methods : Over the course of three years, 930 children(12 months to 36 months) who went to the Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju, Korea were tested for anemia and their parents were surveyed...
Case Report
A Single Nucleotide Deletion resulting in Frameshift in Two Korean Neonates with Thyroxine-Binding Globulin Deficiency
Sang-Joon Park, Jin-Soon Suh, Min-Ho Jung, Hee-Jin Lee, Hee-Jin Lee, Won-Bae Lee, Byung-Churl Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1252-1255.   Published online November 15, 2005
Abnormalities in the levels of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) are not associated with clinical disease and they do not require treatment. Congenital TBG deficiency is inherited in an X-linked manner. To date, some complete and partial TBG variants and one polymorphism have been identified by analysis of the TBG gene. Two male neonates were referred to us because of their low...
Clinical Lecture
Approach to the Children with Recurrent Infections
Jae Ho Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):461-468.   Published online May 15, 2005
The major function of immune system is to protect infections. The immune systems are composed of innate and adaptive immunity. In adaptive immunity, the cellular and humoral components interact each other. Neonates and infants are infected frequently, because immune systems are naive and easy to expose to infectious agents. The complete history and physical examination is essential to evaluate the...
Original Article
Clinical Significance of Immature Reticulocyte Fraction and Reticulocyte Cellular Indices in Pediatric Anemia Patients
Young Seo, Hye Lim Jung, Jae Won Shim, Deok Su Kim, Jeong Yeon Shim, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(3):284-291.   Published online March 15, 2005
Purpose : Flow cytometric automated reticulocyte analysis is a superior method to manual reticulocyte counting, with respect to precision and sensitivity. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis is able to measure immature reticulocyte fraction(IRF) and reticulocyte cellular indices(RCI : cell hemoglobin content : CHr, mean cell volume : MCVr, cell hemoglobin concentration mean : CHCMr, distribytion width : RDWr, HDWr, CHDWr). In...


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