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Case Report
Hyperthyroidism Caused by a Mutation in the Thyrotropin Receptor Gene in Two Brothers
Jae Hyun Kim, Sung Soo Lee, Jung Sub Lim, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(3):337-341.   Published online March 15, 2005
Thyrotropin receptor(TSHR) mutations must be considered when congenital hyperthyroidism has persisted, but there has been no evidence for autoimmunity. TSHR mutations leading to constitutive activation of the thyroid gland were identified as the molecular cause of autosomal dominant nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism and sporadic congenital hyperthyroidism. We report two cases of hyperthyroidism caused by germline TSHR mutation who presented with exessive sweating...
Original Article
Clinical Characteristics of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Developed in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Se Min Lee, Hye Rim Chung, Su Young Hong, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(3):292-297.   Published online March 15, 2005
Purpose : It is known that 3-50 percent of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) patients develop autoimmune thyroid disease. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD) developed in patients with T1DM in Korean. Methods : The medical records of 139 patients, who were followed up in Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital from Jan. 1981 to Jul. 2004,...
Perinatal Factors Affecting Thyroid Stimulating Hormone(TSH) and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Cord Blood
Eun Young Kim, Sang Kee Park, Chang Hun Song, Sung-Chul Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):143-147.   Published online February 15, 2005
Purpose : The aim of the this study was to evaluate the effect of various perinatal conditions on TSH and thyroid hormone levels in cord blood. Methods : Cord blood samples were collected from 130 neonates immediately after birth. TSH, T3, and free T4 levels were measured by the radioimmunoassay(RIA) method. The effects of gestational age, sex, birth weight, delivery method,...
Clinical Lecture
Acquired Thyroid Disorders in Childhood
Ho-Seong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(9):926-932.   Published online September 15, 2004
Thyroid hormones influence growth and development, oxygen consumption, heat production, nerve function, and metabolism, thus play a critical role as a regulator of nervous system myelination, of growth and of puberty. Disorders affecting thyroid function may cause irreversible and permanent nervous system damage and developmental delay, especially in early infancy. Appropriate medical care of children with thyroid disorders requires refined...
Original Article
Evaluation of Intellectual Development in Patients with Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism at Early School Age
Pil Ju Jeong, Su Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(7):768-773.   Published online July 15, 2004
Purpose : Thyroxine is the hormone indispensible to the growth and development of infants. We made this study to confirm the influence of temporary depression of serum thyroxine levels on the development of intelligence. Methods : I adopted as the study group 14 patients diagnosed with depression at the pediatrics department of Pusan National University Hospital from April of 1991 to...
Case Report
A Case of Actinomycotic Thyroiditis in a Child with Fourth Branchial Cleft Fistula
Hye Young Lee, Jeong Suk Yeom, Myoung Bum Choi, Ji Hyun Seo, Jae Young Lim, Chan Hoo Park, Hyang Ok Woo, Hee Sang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(6):696-700.   Published online June 15, 2004
Fistulas of the fourth branchial pouch have an external opening in the neck and the inner opening at the apex of the pyriform fossa. The tract passes from the left lobe of the thyroid, resulting in acute suppurative thyroiditis in most cases. Actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic gram-positive bacteria, primarily of the genus...
Original Article
Clinical Characteristic of Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Children
Hye Rim Chung, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(1):76-80.   Published online January 15, 2004
Purpose : Although chronic autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT) is known to progress into overt hypothyroidism in adults, the outcomes of this disorder in pediatric patients are different from those in adults, so it is hard to predict its course. We reviewed clinical characteristics of chronic AIT in children. Methods : The medical records of 94 children, who were diagnosed as AIT, were analyzed,...
Case Report
A Case of Pseudohypoparathyroidism in a Premature Infant
Jong Il Yang, Jang Won Seo, Ji Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(10):1032-1035.   Published online October 15, 2003
In pseudohypoparathyroidism as reported by Albright in 1942, the parathyroid gland can normally synthesize and secrete parathyroid hormone(PTH). Pseudohypoparathyroidism has a similar biochemical finding with hypoparathyroidisms like hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to target tissue resistance to PTH. Administered PTH does not raise the serum levels of calcium and urinary phosphate. PTH activates G-protein in peripheral tissue and adenylate cyclase through...
A Case of Thyroxine Binding Globulin Deficiency with Hypothyroidism
Dong-Chul Lee, Sun-Hee Lee, Jae-Hong Yu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(6):796-799.   Published online June 15, 2002
A child diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism after newborn screening and follow up thyroid function test at 1 month of life in another general hospital demonstrated euthyroid state with thyroxine(T4) supplementation until the age of 22 months of life, when he was transferred to our hospital, where he was diagnosed as thyroxine binding globulin(TBG) deficiency with low T4 and TBG. Withdrawal...
Original Article
Changes of Bone Metabolism Markers and Bone Mineral Density with Improvement of Thyroid Function in Children and Adolescents with Hyperthyroidism
Min Ho Jung, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang, Byung Churl Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(6):743-753.   Published online June 15, 2002
Purpose : Dynamics of bone mineral density(BMD) and bone metabolism in children and adolescents with hyperthyroidism have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to study how the improvement of thyroid function with antithyroid treatment influenced bone metabolism and BMD in children and adolescents with hyperthyroidism. Methods : Serum levels of osteocalcin(OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(b-ALP), and carboxyterminal telopeptide...
The Correlation Between the TSH Level in Neonatal Screening Test and the Prognosis of Congenital Hypothyroidism
Hong Sun Park, Kye Shik Shim, Kyuchul Choeh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(1):25-31.   Published online January 15, 2001
Purpose : It is important to diagnose and treat newborn patients with congenital hypothyroidism as soon as possible because of neurodevelopmental outcome. If we can detect more severe forms of congenital hypothyroidism with neonatal screening test, the results of treatment will improve. Methods : Sixty-four term infants whose TSH levels in neonatal screening test had been higher than 20μIU were recalled....
The Prognosis and Factors of Neonatal Thyroid Dysfunction
Yun Yee Kim, Kyoung Sim Kim, Yong Wook Kim, Ki Bok Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(1):23-33.   Published online January 15, 2000
Purpose : The function of the neonatal thyroid is affected transiently or consistently by various maternal thyroid diseases, neonatal diseases, drugs, and more as well as thyroid dysgenesis. In this study, we analyzed several factors of neonatal thyroid dysfunction through neonatal screening test and investigated the prognosis. Methods : From January 1992 to July 1997, we reviewed 66 newborn patients, who showed abnormal thyroid function...
Characteristics of Transient Hypothyroidism Detected by Neonatal Screening Test
Su-Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(11):1487-1495.   Published online November 15, 1999
Purpose : To help differentiate transient hypothyroidism from congenital hypothyroidism, both of which might be confused initially, the clinical characteristics of transient hypothyroidism were compared to those of permanent ones. Methods : An analysis of the clinical data, including perinatal history, TFT(thyroid function test), and radionuclide scanning, was performed. The outcome of 18 patients of transient hypothyroidism was also compared to...
Follow up of Infants with Congenital Hypothyroidism Who were Detected by Newborn Screening Test
Kyung Ah Kim, Eun Sil Lee, Son Moon Shin, Han Ku Moon, Yong Hoon Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(8):1141-1148.   Published online August 15, 1999
Purpose : Developmental delay in congenital hypothyroidism can be prevented by early detection and treatment. We conducted a follow-up study to assess the growth and development of infants with congenital hypothyroidism who were detected by newborn screening test and received thyroid hormone therapy. Methods : Nineteen hypothyroid infants were detected by newborn screening test from April 1995 to May 1997. Measurements...
Comparison between Thyroid Function Test and Radiographic Size of Knee Epiphysis in Neonates with Congenital Hypothyroidism
An Sung Koh, Jae Ock Park, Dong Hwan Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(8):1130-1135.   Published online August 15, 1999
Purpose : Biochemical confirmation of congenital hypothyroidism takes about 10 days, which may result in a delay in diagnosis. The delay could be reduced if a faster method of investigation such as knee radiograph is used. The aim of this study is to assess the value of plain radiography of the knee in providing supportive evidence for the diagnosis of...
Role of Polymorphism in HLA DQ-α and -β Chain Loci in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Children with and without Turner Syndrome
Kye Shik Shim, Kyu Chul Choeh, Sei Won Yang, Sa Jun Chung, Jin Sung Lee, Kyung Tae Lee, Sung Ho Goh, Yong Sung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(7):980-990.   Published online July 15, 1999
Purpose : About 10% of girls with Turner syndrome may have autoimmune thyroid disease(AIT), but the disease's pathophysiology has not yet been elucidated. Accordingly, this study was performed to observe whether the pathogenesis of AIT in children with Turner syndrome and without Turner syndrome correlate with special loci of DQ α and β chain in HLA. Methods : Blood samples were...
Case Report
A Case of Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism Associated with Graves' Disease
Eun Young Jang, Hwang Min Kim, Baek Keun Lim, Jong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(5):716-721.   Published online May 15, 1999
Graves' disease is a relatively rare endocrinologic disorder in childhood age and often associated with other endocrinologic disorders such as type I diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease etc. Also, it is associtated with non-endocrinologic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, vitiligo and pernicious anemia. However, idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with Graves' disease is very...
Original Article
Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Preterm Infants
Sung Keun Moon, Jeong Nyun Kim, Mi Jung Park, Myung Jae Choi, Chrul Young Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(10):1324-1328.   Published online October 15, 1998
Purpose : To establish reference ranges for thyroid hormone concentrations in premature infants, we measured T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) concentrations and analyzed the relation to gestational age and birth weight. Methods : Serum T4 and TSH concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay for 391 premature infants born in Sanggye Paik Hospital for two years and eight months. Results : Gestational age of...
Thyroid Function Studies in Patients Who Underwent Open Heart Surgery
Hyung Joo Sohn, Yu In Park, Chang Sung Son, Joo Won Lee, Young Chang Tockg
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(9):1250-1255.   Published online September 15, 1998
Purpose : Alteration in the serum level of thyroid hormone can occur following open heart surgery due to major stress and hemodilution after extracorporeal circulation but these changes have been ignored. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of thyroid hormone level after open heart surgery and if these changes influence the prognosis. Methods : We evaluated 26...
Case Report
A Case of Neonatal Hyperthyroidism with Unilateral Ear Anomaly
Kwang Ok Chung, Na Yeon Kim, Sung Min Cho, Dong Seok Lee, Doo Kwun Kim, Sung Min Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(6):845-849.   Published online June 15, 1998
Neonatal hyperthyroidism is a very rare disorder occurring typically in the offspring of patients with Graves' disease or chronic thyroiditis. It is caused by the transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating antibodies(TSAb) from the mother to the fetus. There has been few reports of neonatal hyperthyroidism associated with congenital anomalies. We experienced a case of neonatal hyperthyroidism with unilateral microtia and agenesis of external auditory canal...
A Case of Pseudohypoparathyroidism TypeⅡ 1
Eun Young Kim, Dae Kjun Kim, Hong Jun Lee, Eun Kyung Jung, Young Bong Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(9):1326-1330.   Published online September 15, 1996
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is characterized by target cell resistance to the effects of parathyroid hormone and classified into various types depending on the phenotypic and biochemical findings. Pseudohypoparathyroidism type II differs from type I in that the urinary excretion of cAMP is elevated both in the basal state and after stimulation with PTH. We experienced a case of pseudohypoparathyroidism type II in 12year old man who...
Original Article
The Influence of the Use of Iodine during Perinatal Period on the Screening Test for Congenital Hypothyroidism
Gyu Bum Cho, Dong Hwan Lee, Sang Jhoo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(2):195-206.   Published online February 15, 1996
Purpose : This study was performed to detect the diseases of congenital hypothyroidism by the neonatal mass screening test early and to demonstrate the possible role of topical iodinated antiseptics(povidone-iodine, PVP-Ⅰ) on transient hyperthyrotropinemia in newborn infants. Methods : We performed neonatal screening tests for inborn errors of metabolism since 1985 by Guthrie test for PKU, maple syrup urine disease, histidinemia,...
Study on the Thyroid Function of Neonate Born to Mother with Hyperthyroidism
Choong Ho Shin, Se Young Kim, Sei Won Yang, Jung Hwan Choi, Chong Ku Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(1):106-114.   Published online January 15, 1996
Purpose : In newborns from mothers with Graves' disease, neonatal transient hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may develop early in life. We evaluated the incidence and prognosis of neonatal thyroid dysfunction in neonates born to mothers with hyperthyroidism during pregnancy. Methods : We measured blood T4, T3, TSH levels and TSH-R-Ab titer in 48 hyperthyroid mothers and their babies between 1988 and 1994. Results :...
Case Report
A Case of Congenital Hypothyroidism with Echocardiograpnic Features Similar to Cardiomyopathy
Suk Min Choi, Heung Dong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(10):1417-1421.   Published online October 15, 1995
A case of congenital hypotyroidism with echocardiographic features similar to cardiomyopathy was presented. The patient was untreated and incidentally found. In 2-D echocadiography the ventricular septum was asymmetrically hypertrophied and chest X-ray showed cardiac enlargement. After treatment with thyroid hormone, the septal hypertrophy and cardiomegaly returned to normal. Therefore, we concluded that echocardiographic study was useful for diagnosis and for following up...
Original Article
The Changes of Thyroid Function Tests and TSH Receptor Antibody Levels During Antithyroid Drug Therapy of Graves Disease in Children
Jeong-Ho Kim, Eun-Young Cho, Han-Wook Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(10):1404-1410.   Published online October 15, 1995
The mainstay of treatment in children with Graves' disease is antithyroid drug therapy. Most commonly used drugs are methimazole(MMI) and propylthiuracil(PTU). These drugs inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis through mechanisms that interfere with the action of thyroid peroxidase. Since antithyroid drugs are unable to inhigit the secretion of thyroid hormone which is already produced, it takes 2 to 3 weeks for...
Case Report
A Case of Hyperthyroidism Following Primary Hypotyroidism
Han Sung Cho, Hwang Jae Yoo, Sang Ook Park, Jae Hong Park, Su Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(6):863-866.   Published online June 15, 1995
A 9-year-old girl presented with primary hypothroidism have been followed by the development of hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism had been made by clinical manifestation, elavated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level, antithyroglobulin antibody and antimicrosome antibody. Five and a quarter years later, the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism had been made by clinical maifestation such as enlargemetn of thyroid gland, tahcycardia, increased...
Original Article
The Growth Hormone Response to Growth Hormone-Releasing Hexapeptide (GHRP-6) in the Sprague Dawley Rat with Hypothyroidism
Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(1):89-98.   Published online January 15, 1994
We studied the effects of growth hormone to subthreshold, threshold, or suprathershold dose of growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide (GHRP-6) in conscious and unconscious (anesthesized with ketamine and phenobarbital) female Sprague Dawley rats with hypothyroidism, induced with methimazole and compared these results with those in conscious and unconscious rats with euthyroidism. The results were as below; 1) In conscious rats, the peak GH response...
Re-evaluation of TSH Screening TEST in Neonates
Jin Young Song, Dong Woo Son, Beyong Il Kim, Sei Won Yang, Jung-Hwan Choi, Chong Ku Yoon, Hyung Ro Moon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(11):1502-1506.   Published online November 15, 1993
Five years ago, we made the cut-off value of TSH by dry filter paper method as 15μU/ml to screening congenital hypothyrodism. Since then, 1,210 term neonates, who had no perinatal problems, screening test with this cut-off point. Neonates had been recalled for measurement of serum T4/TSH to rule out congenital hypothyroidism if their TSH value by screening tests reveal more...
Case Report
Three Cases of Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis in children
Min Joong Kwon, Ho Seong Kim, Duk Hi Kim, Duk Hi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(9):1320-1324.   Published online September 15, 1993
Acute suppurative thyroiditis is uncommon in children. The relative rarity of thyroid infection is thought to reflect its complete fibrous encapsulation, generous vascular and lymphatic supply and high local iodine level. the bacterial involvement include the normal oropharyngeal microflora, and broad spectrum antibiotic therapy including anaerobic coverage should be utilized initially. We have experienced three cases of acute suppurative throiditis. All...
Original Article
Throid Nodules in Children
Su-Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(8):1133-1138.   Published online August 15, 1993
30 cases of patients with nodule on the thyroid who visited Pediatric Clinic in PUN Hospital from Jan. 1985 till Dec. 1990 were studied and evaluated. All records of the patients were reviewed in regard to the physical examination, thyroid function test, radionuclide scanning, ultrasonogram and pathological findings of the tissues gained by fine needle aspiration or operation. The following results...