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Original Article
Comparison of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response in Normal Infants, Male and Female, Right and Left Ear
Soo Jin Han, Soo Shin Cho, Kang Ho Cho, EeIl Ryoo, Gwang Hoon Lee, Ho Joon Im, Kye Hwan Seol, Gil Hyun Kim, Hak Soo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(11):1243-1248.   Published online November 15, 2001
Purpose : Brainstem auditory evoked response(BAER) is used as screening test for hearing disorders, damages of the central nervous system and congenital anomalies. We studied the difference values according to gender and stimulation sites in normal full-term infants. Methods : We performed BAER in 38 male and 28 female normal full-term infants, delivered in the Gil Medical Center, Gachen Medical School,...
IGF-I on the Expression of Gene Associated with Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury in the Neonatal Rats
Hyung-Shin Lee, Sang-Hyun Byun, Ren Zhe Ann, Kyu-Sang Song, Young-Ik Lee, Yoo-Jung Hahn, Yong-Hun Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(7):796-807.   Published online July 15, 2001
Purpose : To investigate the effect of intraperitoneal injection of IGF-I after hypoxic ischemic brain injury on neuronal cell necrosis, apoptosis and expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins bax and bcl-2, respectively. Methods : The right carotid artery was cut between the double ligation. Then allowed to recover for 30 minutes followed by exposure to 8% oxygen at 37℃ for...
The Usefulness of Emergency Brain Computerized Tomography in Children with First Seizures
Hyun Kyung Park, In Joon Seol
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(5):562-568.   Published online May 15, 2001
Purpose : This study was performed to discover whether emergency brain computerized tomography(CT) is useful for the diagnosis and management of patients with first seizure. Methods : We studied retrostpectively all children(under 15-year-old) without a history of neurologic illness who visited Hanyang University Hospital and took a brain CT because of a first seizure attack between January 1996 and June 1999....
Case Report
A Case of Primary Multiple Intracerebral Aspergillosis Abscess in Neonate : Treatment with Amphotericin B, Flucytosine and Itraconazole
Byoung Lae Oh, Oh Kyung Lee, Yong Seog Kim, Young Sook Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(8):1116-1121.   Published online August 15, 2000
Fungal infection of the central nervous system tends to occur mostly in immunosuppressed patients. In the pediatric population, it is usually seen in severely immunocompromised patients, particulary in children with chronic granulomatous disease and hematopoietic malignancies. Although aspergillosis is considered one of the most frequent agents of mycotic infection of the brain, it is especially rare in the neonatal period,...
Original Article
Correlation between the Grade of Brain MRI and Clinical Features of Periventricular Leukomalacia
Ju Eun Lee, Su Eun Park, Sang Ook Nam, Hak Jin Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(6):798-805.   Published online June 15, 2000
Purpose : Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) is associated with various neurologic sequelae such as cerebral palsy and cortical blindness. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between the degree of PVL on MRI and clinical features or its severity. Methods : Thirty-eight children with PVL on MRI among children brought to Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and August...
Comparison of Intraventricular Hemorrhagic Findings in Preterm Infants Between Brain Ultrasonogram and Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Discharge
Yong Kuk Kim, Sung Suk Do, Mi Hyun Cho, Sang Geel Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(4):470-476.   Published online April 15, 2000
Purpose : It has been customary to perform brain ultrasonogram(brain US) for the early detection of intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) during intensive care of neonates. On the other hand magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has been greatly restrictioned due to its complicated procedures. This study was conducted to identify changes in neonates' brain structure and to gain basic data for the long-term follow-up of...
A Study on the Clinical Significance of Periodic Lateralized Epileptiform Discharges and Relation to Brain Imaging Study in Children
Jong Hwa Lee, Eun Young Park, Nam Su Kim, In Joon Seol
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(3):380-385.   Published online March 15, 2000
Purpose : Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges(PLEDs), initially described by Chatrian et al in 1964, are an EEG phenomenon characterized by lateralized or focal spike-and-wave complexes with moderate to high voltage which occur in a periodic or semiperiodic pattern. This study was performed to assess the clinical significance of PLEDs and its relation to an imaging study of the brain. Methods :...
The Apoptosis and Expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xS, Bax Proteins in Fetal Brain after Treating Pregnant Mice with Endotoxin
Sung Min Cho, Seung Sook Kim, Young Seung Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(1):97-104.   Published online January 15, 2000
Purpose : Apoptosis is active cell death which plays an important role in developing normal tissues. Various conditions such as genetic defects, drugs, ischemia or infections are known to induce apoptosis. We studied the effect of maternal infection on fetal brain development during pregnancy. Methods : We treated 46 C3H pregnant mice with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) or phosphat-buffered saline and observed the changes in apoptosis and...
Central Diabetes Insipidus in Children Related to Craniotomy for a Brain Tumor
Seung Mi Song, Eun Jung Park, Jung Sim Kim, Hong Hoe Koo, Mun Hyang Lee, Hyung Jin Shin, Dong Kyu Jin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(12):1702-1710.   Published online December 15, 1999
Purpose : Diabetes insipidus(DI) has been known to be a relatively common complication after craniotomy. We have investigated the incidence and clinical course of DI in children related to craniotomy for a brain tumor and determined the risk factors of postoperative DI. Methods : Sixty-two pediatric patients, who have undergone craniotomy for a brain tumor(including stereotactic biopsy) from February 1995 through...
Immunohistochemical Expression of c-fos Protein and Histologic Findings after Instillation of Kainic Acid in Hippocampus of Neonatal Rat Brain
Soo Ahn Chae, Yong Soo Kim, Byoung Hoon Yoo, Won Bok Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(4):553-560.   Published online April 15, 1999
Purpose : c-fos is rapidly and transiently induced in the intact CNS by a wide variety of exogenous stimuli that include seizures, glutamate receptor activation, sensory stimulation and stress. In adult animals, systemic KA administration produces limbic seizures that results in c-fos protein expression, irreversible morphological changes and localized neuronal death. So we studied the pattern of c-fos protein expression...
Case Report
A Case of Multiple Sclerosis
Young Hee Ha, Jong Hyun Kim, Soo Joong Lee, Dae Kyun Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(2):264-269.   Published online February 15, 1998
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and its lesions are multiple in time as well as space. We experienced a case of a 14-year-old-girl with dysphagia, paresthesia and headache. Brain MRI scans demonstrated high signal intensities on T2-weighted images at the medulla and upper cervical cord. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was diagnosed and methylprednisolone pulse...
A Case of Brainstem Encephalitis
Tae Hoon Kang, Ki Ook Kim, Gyu Geun Hywang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(7):1010-1014.   Published online July 15, 1996
We experienced a case of brainstem encephalitis that is possibly caused by herpes simplex virus infection in a 3 year-old girl. The diagnosis was made by clinical symptoms, neurologic exam, serologic test, brain CT, brain MRI and brainstem biopsy. Herpes simplex virus specific antibody was detected from cerebrospinal fluid and the titer was 11.78 by enzyme immunoassay. Stereotaxic brainstem biopsy was done for differenciate...
Original Article
Auditory Brainstem Responses in Premature and Fullterm Infants
Hyun Mi Kim, Tae Sung Ko, Ki Soo Kim, Moo Song Lee, Kyung Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(8):1036-1045.   Published online August 15, 1995
Purpose : We tried to know normal range of auditory brainstem responses in premature and fullterm infants who have no rksk factor during perinatal period and to determine that the abnormal ABR in premature and fullterm infants may predict developmental delay. Methods : ABR evaluations were performed on 283 premature and fullterm infants from NICU of the Asan Medical Center during...
A Study of Auditory Brainstem Responses in Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia and Their Neurodevelopmental Outcome
Sung Shin Park, Myoung Jae Chey, Kil Hyun Kim, Hak Soo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(1):1-9.   Published online January 15, 1995
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a significant risk factor for the developemtn of otoneurologic disorder. Hyperbilirubinemia resulting in kernicterus produces widespread neuronal damage with the most common sites of staining and destruction involving the hippocampus, basal ganglia and the brainstem nuclei in the floor of the fourth ventricle, including the dorsal cochlear nucleus. ABR may be a useful tool for the monitoring early...
Case Report
A Case of Late Infantile Batten's Disease
Kyung-Tae Whang, Jong-Wan Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Seung-Yun Chung, In-Goo Lee, Je-Geun Chi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(12):1745-1751.   Published online December 15, 1994
We experienced a case of late infantile Batten's disease in a 4-year-7-month-old boy who was admitted to child neurology service of Kangnam St. Mary's hospital for evaluation of progressive psychomotor deterioration. He was in quit normal state of development until 3 years of age when his mother first became concerned because he showed such emotional change as crying and fear. Since...
Original Article
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Study on Prenatal Brain Damage in Newborn Infants
Kook In Park, Dong Gwan Han, Ran Namgung, Chul Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(10):1364-1375.   Published online October 15, 1994
To determine the incidence of prenatal brain damage, and evaluate the clinical and neurosonographical characteristics, we prospectively examined 508 newborn infants with intracranial ultrasound within the first day of life who admitted to the NICU of Severance Hospital from June 1990 to January 1992 and reviewed maternal or neonatal medical records. We found 12 cases(2.4%) of fetal brain...
Effect of Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia on Preventing Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage by Dexamethasone in Neonatal Rat
Kook In Park, Tae Seung Kim, Min Soo Park, Moon Sung Park, Ran Namgung, Chul Lee, Dong Gwan Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(8):1035-1047.   Published online August 15, 1994
Purpose : We evaluated the protective effect of dexamethasone (DX) administration on brain damage produced in a perinatal model of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the rat. Since hyperglycemia has been shown to reduce hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI) in immature rat, we investigated the role of glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia in the neuroprotective mechanism of DX. Methods : Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in 7-day-old rats was...
Case Report
A Case of Brain Damage in Surviving Monozygotic Twin After Intrauterine Death of Co-Twin
Jae Young Choi, Kook In Park, Ran Namgung, Chul Lee, Dong Gwan Han, Tae Sub Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(5):701-706.   Published online May 15, 1994
Various anatomical defects have been described in the surviving twin who had a stillborn, macerated monozygotic co-twin Disseminated Intravascular Coargulation. The etiology is thought to be placental transfer of emboli or thromboplastic material through placental vascular anastomoses. We experienced a case of monozygotic twin with deceased co-twin at 30 weeks of gestation and confirmed to have antenatal periventricular germinal matrix and...
Original Article
Tc-99m HMPAO Brain SPECT in a Patient with Neonatal Seizure and Right Cerebral Hemiatrophy
Hye Young Kang, Kook In Park, Ran Namgung, Chul Lee, Chang Jun Coe, Dong Gwan Han, Tae Sub Chung, Woo Hee Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(3):397-404.   Published online March 15, 1994
Functional brain imaging is very important in the diagnosis and evaluation of the various neurologic disorders. In addition to electroencephalography (EEG) and positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have increasingly gained importance in determination of disturbances in regional brain functions. Both ictal and interictal Tc-99m hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime single photon emission computed tomography (Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT) was done...
Case Report
Two Cases of Multiple Brain Abscess Associated with Bacterial Meninitis in Neonate
Jin Jea Kim, Heung Keun Oh, Hyun Sung Park, Chang Ok Soh, Jin Young Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(10):1466-1470.   Published online October 15, 1993
We experienced mutiple brain abscess in two neonates. Diagnosis was made brain CT scan, which revealed multiple ring-like enhancing leason in both frontoparietal and left posterior parietal cerebral parenchyme. Therapy was consisted of systemic antibiotic treatment and CSF V-P shunt operation due to complicated hydrocephalus. One neonate was died and the other neonate has been followed up due to...
Original Article
A Clinical Study on Patients with Porencephaly
Sung Yoon Cho, Jai Yoon Kim, Kwang Sun Han, Sa Jun Chung, Chang Il Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(7):975-981.   Published online July 15, 1993
Porencephaly is relatively rare condition defined by a defect or cavity in the cerebrum owing to a developmental malformation or to a destructive lesion. Forty-five porencephaly patients diagnosed by Brain CT were clinically analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1) By the age group presenting initial symptoms, the peak incidence was from 1 month to below 3 years old. 2) In initial...
Significance of Brain CT in Children with Chief Complaints of Neurological Symptoms and Signs of Intracranial Disorders
Chun Ho Cho, Chung Hyun Yoon, Young Wook Kim, Ki Bok Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(6):753-761.   Published online June 15, 1992
Because of its accuracy, rapidity as well as non-invasiveness, brain CT (computerized transaxial tomography)is being widely used as the most reliablel diagnostic approach for neurologic disorders in childhood. Brain CT provides good anatomic configuration of the brain and its gross disease processes that have as a manifestation alteration in brain density, disturbance in blood-brain barrior, or mass effect etc. We evaluated...
Brain CT Findings According to Seizure Type in Children with Seizure Disorder
Sung-Yoon Cho, Byoung-Kee Yeo, Sa-Jun Chung, Chang-Il Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(4):470-475.   Published online April 15, 1992
Detection of the organic lesion in convulsive disorder is very important for the therapeutic p-lan and the prognostic aspects. The results of brain CT in 204 children with seizure were evalu-ated in relation to the age of onset, according to seizure type, and final diagnosis of abnormal fi ndings by CT scan. The following results were obtained. 1) Out of 204 cases,...
A Study of Auditoru Brainstem Responses in Neonates with Birth Asphyxia
Su Kyung Kang, Kum Hee Hur, Myoung Jae Chey, Hak Soo Lee, Il Tae Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(2):191-200.   Published online February 15, 1992
Birth asphyxia is an insult to fetus or newborn due to lack of oxygen or perfusion to various organs, especially to brain, resulting in the important complication known as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Auditory brainstem responses may assist in evaluating the severity of the brain injury. ABR testing was performed in 20 ful term neonates with birth asphyxia with 1-minute or 5-minute...
The value of computerized axial tomography of the brain in children with central nervous system disorders.
Young Gyun Lee, Dae Sung Hwang, Kwang Soo Oh, Hyang Seuk Yoon, Jong Duck Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(10):1409-1416.   Published online October 31, 1991
The introduction of computerized tomography (CT), a diagnostic method, has revolutionized the evaluation of neurologic disorders in children. And it provides a noninvasive, safe, and rapid diagnosis of intracranial pathology. CT scanning was performed on 126 children with neurologic symptoms who had admitted to department of pediatrics, Wonkwang University Hospital, from January 1986 to June 1990. Our study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of...
Brain CT and clinical finding in tuberlous meningitis.
Moon Chan Kim, Chan Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(10):1391-1399.   Published online October 31, 1991
In this study, we evaluated clinical symptoms, neurologic findings, CSF examinations and prognosis of patients who were diagnosed to have tuberculous meningitis at Pusan National University Hospital and Gospel Hospital from march, 1983 to december, 1989. 1) Mean age was 3 years and 8 months and the percentage of patients under 6 years old was 71.9%. The male to female ration was 2.2:1. 2) Fever and vomiting...
Experimental study on the effect of phenobarbital on Na+, K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase in microsome fractions of mouse brain.
Seo Kyu Kim, Sa Jun Chung, Chang Il Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(7):959-970.   Published online July 31, 1991
Na+, K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) is known to play a role as a trigger in neurotransmitter release and may also affect the transport of calcium ion (Ca++). By doing so, Na+, K+-ATPase, as an anticonvulsant, can modify the excitability level of cells in epilepsy. In order to elucidate the possible mechanisms of neuropharmacological interaction between Na+, K+.ATPase and phenobarbital, serial experimental studies were...
A case of metastatic neuroblastoma to brain.
Sang Wook Choi, Mee Jeong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(5):715-719.   Published online May 31, 1991
Metastatic neuroblastoma to whole bones and brain generally has been considered incurable, but some reports have been published with good and partial response after initial chemotherapy followed by second-look operation. But the long term survival is dismal. Recently we experienced a case of metastatic neuroblastoma to brain without neurologic symptoms confirmed by computed tomograpy, who had multiple bony metastases including skull. The whole metastatic...
Clinical observation on brainstem glioma in childhood.
Hyun Jun Cho, Se Hee Hwang, Yong Seung Hwang, In Won Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(4):532-543.   Published online April 30, 1991
We studied 20 cases with brainstem glioma in childhood who admitted to the Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurosurgery from Oct. 1985 till July 1990. The results were as follows: 1) About 13.5% of all pediatric brain tumors were brainstem gliomas. The mean age on diagnosis was 7.2 years and there was no difference in sex about the incidence and age distribution. 2) The symptom duration until...
Intracranial hemorrhage in the prematurity and small for gestational age an attempt of clinico-ultrasonographic correlation.
Kwang Sup Kim, You Seop Shin, Jong Wan Kim, Kwang Nam Kim, Ki Yang Ryoo, Hyo Keun Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(1):49-56.   Published online January 31, 1991
To evaluate the correlation between clinical and ultrasonographic findings, 79 consecutive brain ultrasonographic examinations were performed in the 50 prematurity and 29 SGA. Statistical significance was not detected about sex ratio, hemoglobin and hematocrit, Apgar score and maternal age between the prematurity and SGA. Incidence of ICH was 66% in the prematurity and 48% in the SGA. According to Papile’s grading system, Grade 1 was...
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