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Original Article
Risk factors for Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema(PIE) in Mechanically Ventilated Neonates with Hyaline Membrane Diseas
Shin Won Yoon, Chul Lee, Jeong Nyun Kim, Ran Namgung, Dong Gwan Han, Myung Joon Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(3):318-326.   Published online March 15, 1997
Purpose : Pulmonary interstitial emphysema(PIE) is a common and serious complication of mechanical ventilation in infants with hyaline membrane disease. This abnormal collection of gases has two basic roentgenographic features; linear and cyst-like radiolucencies. High positive inspiratory pressure was found to be the most significant parameter associated with development of fatal pulmonary interstitial emphysema. Without prompt conservative management such as lowering peak inspiratory...
Case Report
A Case of Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm without Pulmonary Hypertension
Kyeung Hee Moon, Woo Suk Juhng, Chan Uhng Joo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(2):284-287.   Published online February 15, 1997
Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery is a rare entity. Aneurysm of the peripheral artery are even less common. An 14-year-old girl was admitted for the evaluation of cardiac murmur. There was a variable grade 2/6 systolic murmur along the left sternal border. The chest x-ray showed a round mass in the right perihilar region. Echocardiogram demonstrated a small muscular ventricular septal defect with mild...
Original Article
Pulmonary Air Leak Syndrome Associated with Respiratory Diseasein Infancy and Childhood
Hae Kyung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(2):189-193.   Published online February 15, 1997
Purpose : Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema rarely complicate pediatric respiratory disease such as bronchial asthma, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia. But physicians unfamiliar with natural history of these complications may feel that surgical intervention is necessary. So this study was done to to recognize the pulmonary air leak syndrome associated with respiratory disease in infancy and childhood. Methods : I reviewed retrospectively the medical...
Case Report
Two Cases of Nitric Oxide Inhalation for Treatment of Severe Pulmonary Hypertension after Surgical Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Yun Sil Chang, I-Seok Kang, Won Soon Park, Suk Koo Lee, Hun Hahk Kim, Heung Jae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(11):1611-1619.   Published online November 15, 1996
Nitric oxide, an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, is a selective pulmonary vasodilator. We have built and settled down the delivery system of nitirc oxide gas inhalation for the first time in Korea. Two newborn babies delvelped near fatal pulmonary hypertension after surgical repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. All conventional therapeutic measures failed. So we decided to attempt to use of nitric oxide gas for...
Unilateral Absence of Pulmonary Artery
Gu Hyun Lee, Jae Young Choi, Jong Kyun Lee, Jun Hee Sul, Sung Kyu Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(9):1309-1314.   Published online September 15, 1996
Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery(UAPA) is a rare disease. We experienced 2 cases of UAPA in 5 month-old male patient and 16 year-old female patient with the chief complaint of dyspnea. Lung perfusion scan, cardiac catheterization with pulmonary and aortic angiography confirmed the diagnosis of UAPA.
Original Article
Normal Predicted Value of Airway Resistance by Flow Interrupter Technique in Korean Primary School-Aged Children
Byong Kwan Son, Dae Hyun Lim, Jeong Hee Kim, Jong Woon Choi, Soon Ki Kim, Sei Woo Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(8):1095-1102.   Published online August 15, 1996
Purpose : To get the normal predicted value of airway resistance in Korean primary school-aged children by using flow interrupter technique which is simple and easy enough to be applicable even to young children. Methods : Among all the children of one primary school, we selected 964 (Male 469, Female 495). Excluded children were out of normal range in growth with Korean standard and/or...
Correlation between Plasma Endothelin-1 Concentrations and Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Defects
Sang Ook Park, Su Eun Park, Hyang Jae Yoo, Young Tak Lim, Hee Ju Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(7):970-976.   Published online July 15, 1996
Purpose : Endothelin-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictor. This study was investigated the correlation of plasma endothelin-1 and pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart defect. Methods : We evaluated the concentration of ET-1 in 24 cases of congenital heart disease diagnosed at the Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University, from December 1993 to September 1994. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to mean...
Case Report
Antiphospholipid Syndrome Presented with Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis in Child
Ran Lee, Il Soo Ha, Hae Il Cheong, Yong Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(5):722-726.   Published online May 15, 1996
Antiphospholipid syndrome is a thrombotic disorder and the serologic marker of the syndrome is antiphospholipid antibody(lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolpin antibody, or both). In a 13-year-old girl who presented with dyspnea, pulmonary embolism and femoral vein thrombosis were demonstrated by lung scan and abdominal ultrasonography. She had 3 out of 11 criteria for the diagnosis of SLE, such as thrombocytopenia, positive antinuclear antibody, low C3...
Original Article
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function Test by Pneumotachography and Passive Expiratory Flow-volume Technique in Newborns with Respiratory Diseases with Respiratory Diseases
Hye Jin Lee, Kyung Hyo Kim, Gyoung Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(4):482-490.   Published online April 15, 1996
Purpose : Pulmonary function test is an important diagnostic tool in neonatal intensive care. These tests provide a detailed assessment an infant's pulmonary status that can be used in several ways: to monitor the progression of lung disease, to streamline ventilator management, and to assess the infant's response to new treatments, such as surfactant replacement therapy or bronchodilator. The purpose...
Case Report
A Case of Pulmonary Artery Sling Associated with Tracheobroncheal Hypoplasia
Yong Han Sun, Ho Sung Kim, Jung Il Noh, Jung Yun Cho, Yong Soo Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(3):417-422.   Published online March 15, 1996
Pulmonary artery sling is a rare vascular anomaly wherein the left pulmonary artery arises from the right pulmonary artery and then traverses between the esophagus and the trachea toward the hilum of the left lung. Associated anomalies are common, particularly those of the tracheobronchial tree, which have been found in more than 50% of patients. Cardiovascular anomalies such as persistent...
Original Article
Surfactant Protein SP-A, B, and C: Purification and Biochemical Characterization
Chong-Woo Bae, Yong-Mook Choi, Joo Hyun Kang, Kil Lyong Kim, Kyung Soo Hahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(2):218-229.   Published online February 15, 1996
Purpose : Several kinds of exogenous pulmonary surfactants (SF), either synthetic or animalderived, are being used for the replacement therapy in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of newborn, especially in premature infants, and improved the neonatal mortality and morbidity. Because synthetic preparations are lack of surfactant protein (SP) and animal-derived preparations cause immunogenecity of heterogenous SP, there have been great necessity for the development of next...
Case Report
A Case of Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
Chang Sung Lim, Seung Kyu Park, Won Park, Soon Jeong Lee, Chul Zoo Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(1):136-141.   Published online January 15, 1996
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is characterized by cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and microcytic and hypochromic anemia. The cause of this illness is unknown. We experienced a case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in a 2 year and 8 month-old boy. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages are demonstrated in smears of material obtained from tracheal aspirates. There were no specific causes for pulmonary hemorrhage....
Original Article
Pulmonary Function Test in Korean Neonates by Expiratory Flow-Volume Curve
So Young Park, Kyung Hyo Kim, Gyoung Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(1):53-62.   Published online January 15, 1996
Purpose : Neonatal pulmonary function test(PFT) adds a new dimension to the understanding and care of the infant at risk for lung dysfunction. PFT can be identified the risk for pulmonary problems and safely and effectively diagnosed, quantified, and qualified the dysfunction. So it is possible to early institution of prophylatic respiratory therapy in such neonates and it can improved...
Results of the Mechanical Valve Replacement in the Right Side of the Heart in Children
Hyeon Jin Park, Chung Il Noh, Ho Sung Kim, Jung Yun Choi, Yong Soo Yun, Yong Jin Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(9):1220-1231.   Published online September 15, 1995
Purpose : We performed this study in order to evaluate the outcome of the mechanical valve replacement in the right side of the heart in children. Methods : Retrospective analysis of the clinical records of 26 patients who had undergone a right sided valve replacement between October 1986 and September 1992 at Seoul National University Children뭩 Hospital. Results : Twenty six children...
Effects of Main Pulmonary Artery Constriction on the Right Ventricle in Rabbits
Chan Uhno Joo, Dong Geun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(8):1087-1092.   Published online August 15, 1995
Purpose : constriction or banding of the pulmonary artery tocreate pulmonalry artery stenosis is a palliative procedure designed to limit pulmonary blood flow in congenital cardiac malformation with unrestricted shunt flow from the systemic to pulmonary circuit. Increased pressure-load with the procedure results in ventricular hypertrophy in right ventricle. We studied effects of the pulmonary artery constriction on the right ventricle...
Comparative Study of Oscillation of Pulmonary Artery Pressure to That of Systemic Artery Pressure
Hyang Ok Woo, Hyung Jin Kwon, Myung Kul Yum
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(4):461-469.   Published online April 15, 1995
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the difference between the below respiratory-frequency oscillations of the pulmonary artery pressure and those of the systemic arterial pressure. Methods : The subjects in this experiment were patients suffering from ventricular septal defect and having treatment with the cardiac catheterization at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Signals from pulmonary...
Case Report
Isolated Unilateral Pulmonary Vein Atresia
Yun Ae Jeon, Chung Il Noh, Ho Sung Kim, Jung Yun Choi, Yong Soo Yun, Woo Sun Kim, Je Geun Chi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(3):409-416.   Published online March 15, 1995
We report four cases of unilateral pulmonary vein atresia without associated congenital intracardiac anomalies to illustrate a part of the clinical and radiological characteristics and its diagnosis. Pulmonary vein atresia was in right side in all cases. Narrowing of contralateral pulmonary vein and pure red cell anemia were combined in one cases. In four cases, initial presentations were hemoptysis and...
Original Article
Relationship between Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness by Methacholine Provocation and the Severity of Asthma Symptoms, Pulmonary Function and Atopy
Sang Hyug Ma, Jung Mi Lee, Byung Hag Lim, Im Ju Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1995;38(2):223-231.   Published online February 15, 1995
Purpose : Bronchial asthma is a disorder that is characteized by symptoms of reversible airway obstruction and increased responsiveness of the bronchus and to quantify the degree of br onchial hyperresponsivenes can be very helpful in determing the severity of disease and the prognosis. But the Methacholine provocation test is not always easy to be performed in all patients. Thus...
Diagnosis of Thoracic Lesions in Children by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Dong Nam Kim, Nam Su Kim, Hahng Lee, Jong Sung Kim, Suk Chul Jeon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(11):1559-1564.   Published online November 15, 1994
To elucidate the clinical availability of FNAB, we reviewed retrospectively medical records of 30 patients who had infiltrative pulmonary lesion or pulmonary nodule of mediastinal mass, and got percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy using Wescott needle, 20~22 gauge, at the department of Pediatrics, Hanyang university hospital from July, 1986 to June, 1993. The obtained results were as follow: 1) There were 30...
Risk Factors of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants Treated with Mechanical Ventilation and Restrictive Fluid Therapy
Min Soo Park, Kook In Park, Hye Jung Choo, Moon Sung Park, Ran Namgung, Chul Lee, Dong Gwan Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(10):1357-1363.   Published online October 15, 1994
In addition to many of the widely accepted risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD), such as prematurity, oxygen toxicity, barotrauma, and infection, the amount of fluid intake during the early phase of life has recently been reported to be an important factor, especially the amount of colloid. Forty-one premature infants who were admitted to the NICU of Severance Hospital, Yonsei University...
Pulmonary Venous Flow Pattern by Doppler Echocardiography before and after Closure of Ductus Arteriousus in Newborns
Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(9):1213-1219.   Published online September 15, 1994
Color Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate pulmonary venous flow pattern at 1st~2nd day of birth in 84 fullterm newborns (36: patent ductus arteriosus, 48: closed ductus arteriosus). Aortic and pulmonic diameter, velocity and integral were estimated. The purpose of this study ascertained that patent ductus arteriosus changed the pulmonary vein velocity and flow integral. The results were...
Morphologic Changes of Lung Parenchymal Tissue in Neonatal Rat Pups under Chronic Hyperoxia
Beyong Il Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi, Chong Ku Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(8):1055-1064.   Published online August 15, 1994
We studied the effects of chronic hyperoxia (>95% oxygen for 14 days) in change of body weight, wet to dry ling weight ratio, and morphologic changes of lung tissue compared with that of room air (21% oxygen for 14 days) in Sprague-Dawley neonatal rat pups. The results were as follows: 1) In neonatal rat pups exposed to room air (normoxia group), body...
Case Report
A Case of Pulmonary Blastoma
Yun Jeong Chang, Jeong Hee Kim, Sun Ki Kim, Byong Kwan Son, Joon Mi Kim, Young Chae Chu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(7):999-1005.   Published online July 15, 1994
Pulmonary blastoma is a rare type of malignant lung tumor comprised of epithelial and mesenchymal elements reminiscent of fetal lung. Mesenchymal element may show various patterns of differentiation toward mature tissue, such as cartilage, smooth muscle, and bone. Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in pulmonary blastoma is quite rare. Our case of pulmonary blastoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation documented by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Usually...
Original Article
Normal Predicted Values of Pulmonary Function Test in children
In Ah Cha, Kwang Sin Kim, Young Wook Kim, Ki Bok Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(5):672-688.   Published online May 15, 1994
An objective evaluation of the degree of respiratory impairment in children depends on the establishment of standards of normal function. In addition to sex and growth, various factors such as race and geography have been shown to be important determinants of lung function. The purposes of this paper are to report the result of lung function tests performed on a...
Evaluation of Pulmonary Venous, Mitral and Aortic Flow Pattern by Doppler Echocardiography in Neonates
Hye Soon Kim, Young Mi Hong, Gyoung Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(5):596-605.   Published online May 15, 1994
Pulmonary vein velocities have recently been estimated in conjunction with mitral flow velocities to increase our understanding of ventricular filling. The advent of transesophageal echocardiography with pulsed doppler imaging capability has provided a method by which both the mitral valve and pulmonary vein velocities can be easily recorded because of the posterior approach providing unimpeded interrogation of cardiac structures. The purpose...
Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations of the Pulmonary artery, Aorta and Veins in Children with Cardiac Disease
Kang Il Lee, Nam Geun Heo, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee, Eun Kyoung Yang, Won Jung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(4):481-493.   Published online April 15, 1994
To study the site of release and factors affecting the releases of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the pediatric patients, we measured the plasma ANP concentrations in 23 normal healthy children, 19 patients with congestive heart failure and 16 patients with cardiac disease undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The following results were obtained. 1) The plasma ANP concentrations of the vein (226.3¡¾74.9...
Case Report
Pulmonary Artery Sling with Situs Solitus Dextroposition of Heart and Left Superior Vena Cava
Sung-Ho Cha, Sung- Yong Jung, Pill-Jin Shin, Byong-Soo Cho, Chang-Il Ahn, Sun-Wha Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(2):257-261.   Published online February 15, 1994
Pulmonary artery sling is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly which presents clinical obstructive symptoms and signs of trachea, right main bronchus and esophagus due to left pulmonary artery abnormaly arises from proximal part of right pulmonary artery. Aberrant left pulmonary artery courses to the right above right main bronchus and then turns to the left, and courses to between the...
Original Article
Normal Predicted values of Pulmonary function Test in Korean Primary School-Aged Children
Dae Hyun Lim, Jeong Hee Kim, Jun Hee Park, Jong Woon Choi, Soon Ki Kim, Byong Kwan Son
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(2):240-249.   Published online February 15, 1994
Pulmonary function test is one of the most important tools in the management of patients with respiratory tract diseases and allergic diseases. As with the difficulties in performing the test, it has been seldom used in pediatric field. But with the advent of simple, computerized tools, pediatric pulmonologist and allergist try to manage the patients using PFE. Still the normal...
Improvement of Thoracic Pressure-Volume, Complincace and Histological Characteristics in Premature Newborn Rabbit after Treatment of Bovine Purified Natural Surfactant-Phospholipid
Chong-Woo Bae, Chang Il Ahn, Haruo Maeta, Tetsuro Fujiwara
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(2):157-166.   Published online February 15, 1994
We had previously reported the purification of bovine lung natural surfactant-phospholoipd (PNS-L) and the assessment of it's surface physical properties in vitro. To observe the clinical effectiveness of PNS-L in vivo, the degree of improvement of thoracic pressure-volume, compliance and histological changes following PNS-L instillation in premature rabbits with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were investigated. Rabbits, delivered prematurely by cesarean section...
Risk Factors and Outcome of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Beyong Il Kim, Yun Sil Chang, Dong Woo Son, Hae Kyung Han, Jung-Hwan Choi, Chong Ku Yun, In One Kim, Kyung Mo Yeon, Je G. Chi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(1):78-88.   Published online January 15, 1994
The 45 neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia among 355 neonates who were managed with mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy in NICU of Seoul National University Chhildren's Hospital from January 1, 1968 to December 31, 1991, were analyzed for risk factors and outcome. The results were as follows: 1) The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was 12.7% 2) Respiratory Distress Syndrome was most common underlying problem. 3)...