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Original Article
Effect of GnRH analogue on the bone mineral density of precocious or early pubertal girls
Jeong Sook Lim, Heon-Seok Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1370-1376.   Published online December 15, 2009
Purpose : Treatment of precocity with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) might theoretically exert a detrimental effect on the bone mass during pubertal development. We investigated the short-term changes in bone mineral density (BMD) during GnRHa treatment and the enhancement in the changes with the co-administration of GnRHa and human growth hormone (hGH). Methods : Forty girls with precocious or...
The changes in signal-averaged electrocardiogram after surgical correction of congenital heart disease
Yeo Hyang Kim, Hee Jung Choi, Gun Jik Kim, Joon Yong Cho, Myung Chul Hyun, Sang Bum Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1364-1369.   Published online December 15, 2009
Purpose : To analyze abnormal ventricular activation in childhood congenital heart disease induced by postoperative changes in ventricular volume and pressure and ventricular scar formation using signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG). Methods : Fifty-two patients who had undergone open heart surgery (OHS) were enrolled. Patients were divided into the following 3 groups: right ventricular volume overload (atrial septal defect, group1), left ventricular...
Detection of nasopharyngeal carriages in children by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
Ji Hye Shin, Hye Young Han, Sun Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1358-1363.   Published online December 15, 2009
Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages in children using a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay kit. Methods : We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 33 children without any underlying disease from July 25 to July 28, 2008. The children were free from the signs of respiratory tract infections at the...
Changes in the expression of cytokines and apoptosis-related genes in children with infectious mononucleosis
Dae Sun Jo, Ji Hye Han, Sun Young Kim, Min Sun Kim, Ho Keun Yi, Dae-Yeol Lee, Pyoung Han Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1348-1357.   Published online December 15, 2009
Purpose : The aims of this study were to identify the clinical characteristics and determine the changes in the expression of cytokines and apoptosis-related genes in children with infectious mononucleosis. Methods : Serological examinations of 15 pediatric patients diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis were performed prospectively. Peripheral blood from the patients was used to compare the composition of T cell subsets,...
Taurine exerts neuroprotective effects via anti-apoptosis in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats
Ji Eun Jeong, Tae Yeol Kim, Hye Jin Park, Kye Hyang Lee, Kyung Hoon Lee, Eun Jin Choi, Jin Kyung Kim, Hai Lee Chung, Eok Su Seo, Woo Taek Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1337-1347.   Published online December 15, 2009
Purpose : Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a simple sulfur-containing amino acid. It is abundantly present in tissues such as brain, retina, heart, and skeletal muscles. Current studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of taurine, but limited data are available for such effects during neonatal period. The aim of this study was to determine whether taurine could reduce hypoxic-ischemic (HI) cerebral...
Review Article
Nutrition requirements in child and adolescent athletes
Jae Ock Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1327-1336.   Published online December 15, 2009
Increasing numbers of children and adolescents prefer undertaking physical exercise to overcome overweight or obesity. Children and adolescents are in the growth stage and require adequate nutrient supply. More calories and nutrients are required especially when they are engaged in physical exercise. Exercise is the only means to increase lean body mass and decrease body fat, but adequate nutrient supply...
Prevention strategies for obesity in children and adolescents
Kyung Rye Moon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1321-1326.   Published online December 15, 2009
Prevalence of obesity in Korean children and adolescents has dramatically increased since the last 10–20 years. It is important to initiate prevention efforts early in childhood because prevalence of obesity in adolescence is the strongest predictor of its prevalence in adulthood. Intrauterine life, infancy, and preschool years may comprise the critical periods that are essential for the long-term regulation of...
Obesity in children and adolescents
Jeong Wan Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1311-1320.   Published online December 15, 2009
Childhood obesity has rapidly increased in Korea during the past 20–30 years. Approximately 1 of 10 children and adolescents is obese. Appropriate prevention and intervention measures urgently need. Obesity prevention starts early in life, i.e., obesity prevention and education begins during the period of fetal development in utero. Behavioral changes are the most positively reflected during pregnancy. Infants should be...
Case Report
Macroamylasemia in a 4-year-old girl with abdominal pain
Jeong Hee Ko, Dae Hyoung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1283-1285.   Published online November 15, 2009
Macroamylasemia is a benign condition characterized by abnormally large-sized serum amylase; it has been reported to occur in 1–2% of the population. In macroamylasemia, a macromolecular complex consisting of amylase linked to immunoglobulins circulates in the plasma and usually causes hyperamylasemia with low or normal amylasuria. Macroamylasemia is extremely rare in children. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl...
Hepatic glycogenosis in a patient with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus
Hye Young Jin, Dae-Young Kang, Jin-Ho Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1279-1282.   Published online November 15, 2009
Hepatomegaly and liver dysfunction might develop in patients with diabetes mellitus due to glycogen deposition or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We experienced a case of hepatic glycogenosis in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus who presented with recurrent hypoglycemia, suggesting impairment of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. A 10-year-old girl with a 4-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted because of...
Original Article
Clinical characteristics and courses of congenital muscular torticollis
Kyong Eun Choi, Hee Chul Lee, So Young Youn, Jung Mi Chun, Son Moon Shin, Byung Hee Han, Yong Taek Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1273-1278.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), a common musculoskeletal disorder in infants, is characterized by the rotation and flexion deformity of the neck caused by sternocleidomastoid muscle shortening. We investigated the clinical courses and perinatal risk factors of CMT. Methods : Less than 6-month-old patients (98; M:F = 60:38) diagnosed with CMT between February 2007 and August 2008 were classified...
The quality control and acceptability of spirometry in preschool children
Hyun Kyong Seo, Sun Jung Chang, Da Woon Jung, Young Sun Wee, Hye Mi Jee, Ji Young Seo, Man Yong Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1267-1272.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : We examined the ability of preschool aged children to meet the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Resiratory Society (ERS) goals for spirometry quality and tried to find out the major factor for improving the rate of success of spiromety test in this age group. Methods : Spirometry was performed in 2-6 aged 155 children with chronic cough or...
Polymorphisms of the NR3C1 gene in Korean children with nephrotic syndrome
Hee Yeon Cho, Hyun Jin Choi, So Hee Lee, Hyun Kyung Lee, Hee Kyung Kang, Il Soo Ha, Yong Choi, Hae Il Cheong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1260-1266.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) can be clinically classified as steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant. The detailed mechanism of glucocorticoid action in NS is currently unknown. Methods : In this study, we investigated 3 known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ER22/23EK, N363S, and BclI) of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (the NR3C1 gene) in 190 children with NS using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment...
Economic evaluation of a weekly administration of a sustained-release injection of recombinant human growth hormone for the treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency
Hye-Young Kang, Duk Hee Kim, Sei-Won Yang, Yoon-Nam Kim, Miseon Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1249-1259.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : From a societal perspective, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a novel sustained-release injection of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) administered on a weekly basis compared with that of the present daily GH injection for the treatment of children with GH deficiency. Methods : Health-related utility for GH therapy was measured based on the visual analogue scale. During July...
Association between Kawasaki disease and acute respiratory viral infections
Eun Young Cho, Byung Wook Eun, Nam Hee Kim, Jina Lee, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee, Jung Yun Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1241-1248.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is still unknown. Recently, an association between human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) and KD was implicated. Hence, we attempted to determine the association between KD and acute respiratory viral infections. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were obtained from 54 patients diagnosed with KD at the Seoul National University (SNU) Children’s Hospital and SNU-Bundang Hospital...
Molecular identification and clinical features of enteroviral infection in children of central Korea: An overview of enteroviral epidemiology between spring 2005 and autumn 2006
Eui Jung Roh, Yong Man Jin, Eun Hee Chung, Young Pyo Chang, Woo Sung Park, Kwisung Park, Young Mee Jee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1234-1240.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : Enteroviruses (EVs) are commonly known to cause infection, especially in infants and children. This report presents an overview of enterovirus epidemiology in central Korea. Methods : From the spring of 2005 to the autumn of 2006, we collected the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and stool samples from the pediatric patients with a febrile illness or suspected meningitis who were...
The relationship between the time from arrival at a hospital to delivery and the occurrence of cerebral palsy in premature infants of less than 34 weeks of gestational age
Jae Woong Whang, A Lum Heo, Soo Hyun Koo, Hae Jung Lee, Jun Wha Lee, Joo Seok Lee, Kyung Lae Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1228-1233.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : This study aimed to evaluate whether a shorter time from the arrival at a hospital to delivery is related to the occurrence of cerebral palsy in premature infants of less than 34 weeks of gestational age. Methods : We studied 142 newborns of less than 34 weeks of gestational age. The time from the arrival at the hospital...
Study on the neurodevelopmental predictors for the results of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II in high-risk neonates
Mi Kyeong Woo, Dong Wook Kim, Kyoung Huh, Gyu Hong Shim, Myoung Jae Chey
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1221-1227.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : To identify the risk factors for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk neonates. Methods : We studied 94 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the Sanggye Paik Hospital between January 2002 and November 2005 and evaluated the follow-up data. The following events were considered as risk factors: ≤32 weeks of gestation, very low birth weight, Apgar scores...
Clinical experience of therapeutic effect of peritoneal drainage on intestinal perforation in preterm infants
Jun Seok Lee, Kyo Yeon Koo, Soon Min Lee, Min Soo Park, Kook In Park, Ran Namgung, Chul Lee, Seung Hoon Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1216-1220.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : To analyze and compare various cases in which peritoneal drainage was used as the primary treatment method in preterm infants with intestinal perforation. Methods : Among the preterm infants of less than 28 weeks of gestation who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the Gangnam Severance Hospital from April 2006 to April 2009, 7 who...
A multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of child abuse in Korea
Bong Kyu Song, Do Kyun Kim, Hye Young Park, Jun Won Hwang, Young Ho Kwak
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1207-1215.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : To review and determine the complications in 76 child abuse cases recorded by a multidisciplinary hospital- based child protection team between 1987 and 2007. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the reports and medical records of child abuse cases maintained by a university hospital-based child protection team. We devised a questionnaire for standardized interviews with the victims’ guardians to...
Review Article
Child sexual abuse and pediatricians
Insil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1200-1206.   Published online November 15, 2009
Child sexual abuse is not a rarely encountered problem. Child sexual abuse is a pediatric disease entity with lifelong impact. Child sexual abuse, different from sexual assault, is not always accompanied by violent force and usually repeated over a period of time. Child sexual abuse should be approached by multidisciplinary team experts. Every pediatrician should know the child protection network...
Child abuse, can we find child abuse? - Role of the pediatrician
Ki Sik Min
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1194-1199.   Published online November 15, 2009
Child abuse is defined by a recent act or failure to act that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or imminent risk of serious harm; involved a child; and is carried out by a parent or caregiver. This report provides guidance in the clinical approach to the evaluation of suspected physical abuse in children,...
The present state of chid abuse in Korea and its system for child protection
Ki-Soo Pai, Shin-Young Kim, Young Ki Chung, Kyeong Hee Ryu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1185-1193.   Published online November 15, 2009
An act of children’s welfare was made in 1961 for the first time in Korea but it had been nothing but the name in view of practical impact to prevention of child abuse. Real undertakings of Child Abuse Prevention were commenced overtly since 2000 in Korea, when the law for children’s welfare was revised to put protective settings for the...
Case Report
A case of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: Treatment with inhaled iloprost
Yoon Young Jang, Hye Jin Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1175-1180.   Published online October 15, 2009
We report a case of a full-term neonate with persistent pulmonary hypertension who developed asphyxia after birth and was treated with iloprost. The neonate had persistent hypoxia and did not respond to supportive treatment. Because inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) was not available in our hospital, inhaled iloprost was administered via an endotracheal tube. This resulted in an immediate elevation of...
Partial trisomy of chromosome 18q11.2-q12: A case report
Ah Ra Cho, Hye Ryoun Kim, Mi Kyung Lee, Sin Weon Yun, Jung Ju Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1171-1174.   Published online October 15, 2009
Edwards syndrome, also called trisomy 18, is one of the most common autosomal anomalies. The survival rate of patients with Edwards syndrome is very low and its characteristic findings include cardiac malformations, mental retardation, growth retardation, specific craniofacial anomalies, clenched hands, rocker-bottom feet, and omphalocele. Compared with the classic Edwards syndrome, the symptom of partial duplication of chromosome 18 is...
A case of gastric trichobezoar causing psychiatric problems
Ji Young Seo, Min Young Kim, Jae Ho Noh, Chun Dong Kim, Jae Ock Park, Gyo Chang Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1167-1170.   Published online October 15, 2009
Trichobezoar is characterized by the accumulation of hair in the gastrointestinal tract and usually occurs in those who have trichotillomania, other psychiatric disorders, or neurologic problems. Trichobezoar typically presents as gastric obstruction, including abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. A 9-year-old girl visited our clinic with the complaint of abdominal discomfort and vomiting. A review of her medical history...
Original Article
Predictive indicators of coronary artery complications in Kawasaki disease
Min Jee Park, In-sang Jeon, Hann Tchah, Kang Ho Cho, Mi-Jin Jung, Deok Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1161-1166.   Published online October 15, 2009
Purpose : Kawasaki disease—the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children—incidence is increasing yearly. Therefore, we evaluated the predictive indicators of coronary complications of Kawasaki disease based on clinical and laboratory data. Methods : Between January 2005 and March 2008, of the 201 children with Kawasaki disease treated at the Gil Hospital of Gachon University of Medicine and...
Outcome and risk factors of pediatric hemato-oncology patients admitted in pediatric intensive care unit
Bo Eun Kim, Eun Ju Ha, Keun Wook Bae, Seongguk Kim, Ho Joon Im, Jong Jin Seo, Seong Jong Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1153-1160.   Published online October 15, 2009
Purpose : To evaluate the risk factors for mortality and prognostic factors in pediatric hemato-oncology patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric hemato-oncology patients admitted at the PICU of the Asan Medical Center between September 2005 and July 2008. Patients admitted at the PICU for perioperative or terminal...
Microbiological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in more than 24-month-old children with urinary tract infection: A6-year retrospective, single center experience
Jeong Hee Ko, Jee Hyung Lee, Eun Jung Shim, Do jun Cho, Ki Sik Min, Ki Yang Yoo, Dae Young Lee, Hee Jung Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1147-1152.   Published online October 15, 2009
Purpose : To characterize the pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibilities in more than 24-month-old children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and to study the Escherichia coli antimicrobial susceptibility trend. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the record of more than 24-month-old children with UTI between January 2003 and December 2008. Positive results for 1 bacterial species with a colony count of...
Association of ionized magnesium, total magnesium, gestational age, and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm babies
Tae-Yeon Kim, Hyun-Hee Lee, Tae-Jung Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1140-1146.   Published online October 15, 2009
Purpose : The pathophysiology of magnesium, the second highest common compound in humans, is still unclear, especially in preterm babies. We accessed the association between total magnesium (tMg), ionized Mg (iMg), and gestational age (GA) and that between serum magnesium (sMg) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm babies. Methods : In all, 119 inborn preterm infants admitted between July 2006...
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