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Review Article
Pediatric tuberculosis and drug resistance
Yae-Jean Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):529-537.   Published online May 15, 2009
Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children has important implications for both the patients and tuberculosis control programs. In Korea, among all new patients, the isoniazid resistance rate was 9.9% and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 2.7% in 2004 (in patients aged 10-19 yr, the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate reached 2.1%). Tuberculosis in pediatric patients is difficult to diagnose because many children have nonspecific clinical...
Treatment of latent tuberculous infection in children and adolescent
Jong-Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):519-528.   Published online May 15, 2009
Tuberculosis continues to cause an unacceptably high toll of disease and death among children worldwide. Whereas intense scientific and clinical research efforts into novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive interventions have focused on tuberculosis in adults, childhood tuberculosis has been relatively neglected. However, children are particularly vulnerable to severe disease and death following infection, and those with latent infection become the...
Characteristics of tuberculosis in children and adolescents
Byung Wook Eun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):513-518.   Published online May 15, 2009
In childhood tuberculosis, it is possible to clearly distinguish among three basic stages: exposure, infection, and disease. The incidence of tuberculosis in children is low compared with that in adults, but latent infection is a major concern because children, who are exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis especially early in childhood, are at increased risk of developing the disease. Younger children particularly...
Case Report
A case of fatal pneumococcal 19A meningoencephalitis despite administration of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
Ah Rum Heo, Jun Hwa Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):508-511.   Published online April 15, 2009
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of serious invasive diseases in children, especially in young infants, but seven- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is believed to prevent invasive pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis in young children. However, recently, the incidence of non-PCV7 serotype has increased after PCV7 vaccination. A 14-month- old female patient presented at our emergency room with mental change...
Autoimmune hepatitis-primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in a 10-year-old girl with ulcerative colitis
Jeana Hong, Mi Kyoung Song, Jae Sung Ko, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Woo Sun Kim, Jeong Kee Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):504-507.   Published online April 15, 2009
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are chronic autoimmune liver diseases. Overlap syndrome is defined as a condition in which the clinical, biochemical, and histological features of these autoimmune diseases are overlapped. Thus, it is difficult to appreciate overlap syndrome as an actual diagnostic entity. Only a few cases of the overlap syndrome of...
Late adverse reactions to iopromide (Ultravist®) diagnosed by the patch test: a case report
Soon Joo Lee, Eun Mi Yang, Woo Yeon Choi, Eun Song Song, Dong Kyun Han, Young Kuk Cho, Jae-Sook Ma
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):499-503.   Published online April 15, 2009
Iodinated contrast media (CM) can cause immediate and late reactions. We treated a patient with a recurrent generalized maculopapular rash and a fever that occurred within two days of exposure to iodinated CM, iopromide (UltravistⓇ), for chest computed tomography. We performed skin testing including prick tests, intradermal tests, and patch tests. Our findings indicated a late skin reaction to Ultravist￠cin...
Original Article
The efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect with Amplatzer septal occluder in young children less than 3 years of age
Soo Hyun Lee, Deok Young Choi, Nam Kyun Kim, Jae Young Choi, Jun Hee Sul
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):494-498.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Applicability of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) has been expanded by accumulation of clinical experiences and evolutions of the device. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of ASD with Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) in young children less than 3 years of age. Methods : From May 2003 to December...
Clinical course and prognosis of hemodynamically significant congenital heart defects in very low birth weight infants
Hye Soo Yoo, Ji Eun Kim, Soo Kyoung Park, Hyun Ju Seo, Yoo Jin Jeong, Seo Heui Chio, Soo In Jeong, Sung Hoon Kim, Ji Hyuk Yang, June Huh, Yun Sil Chang, Tae Gook Jun, I Seok Kang, Won Soon Park, Pyo Won Park, Heung Jae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):481-487.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : This study investigated the clinical course and prognostic factor of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) with hemodynamically significant congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods : Medical records of 1,098 VLBWI with birth weight <1,500 g who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical Center from October 1994 to December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. The...
Polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotor gene in Kawasaki disease and relation to the risk of coronary artery lesion
Se-hwa Kim, Jang-won Yun, Young-hyuk Lee, Eun-jung Cheon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):476-480.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha promotor gene, its susceptibility to Kawasaki disease (KD) and to assess whether the TNF-alpha promotor gene polymorphism was related the risk of coronary artery lesions (CALs). Methods : From January 2003 to January 2007, 51 children (30 boys and 21 girls) with KD and 48...
Visually evoked potential in children with mitochondrial respiratory chain defects
Ji Eun Song, He Min Kim, Sang-Chul Lee, Yoon-Gghil Park, Suk-Ho Byeon, Young-Mock Lee, Joon-Soo Lee, Heung-Dong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):471-475.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Mitochondrial disorders are a clinical entity characterized by diverse symptoms and signs of involvement of various systems. Furthermore, the disorders are known to show ophthalmologic manifestations as well as neurological findings. Visually evoked potential is a sensitive measure to check the integrity of the visual pathway. In this study, we have investigated the value of visually evoked potential...
Incidence and outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract detected by prenatal ultrasonography: a single center study
Gina Lim, Joo Hoon Lee, Young Seo Park, Kun Seok Kim, Hye-Sung Won
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):464-470.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : This study assessed the incidence and outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) detected by prenatal ultrasonography Methods : There were 906 cases of CAKUT detected by prenatal ultrasonography and postnatally confirmed at the Asan Medical Center from October 1989 to October 2007. We investigated the incidence and outcome of these cases by reviewing medical...
Clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings of schizencephaly in children
Jae Rang Lee, Seung Kim, Young Mock Lee, Joon Soo Lee, Heung Dong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):458-463.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Schizencephaly is a uncommon congenital brain anomaly characterized by congenital clefts spanning the cerebral hemispheres from pial surface to lateral ventricles and lined by gray matter. In this study, we investigated the clinical manifestation and radiologic findings of pediatric schizencephaly. Methods : The data of 13 patients who were diagnosed with schizencephaly in Severance Childrens Hospital and Yongdong...
Clinical features of acute noroviral gastroenteritis in children : comparison with rotaviral gastroenteritis
Pil-Joo Hwang, Ji Hee Kwak, Taek Jin Lee, Su Jin Jeong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):453-457.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Our aim was to describe the clinical features of noroviral gastroenteritis in children. Methods : This study included 22 children with noroviral gastroenteritis, as confirmed by stool RT-PCR, who were admitted to Bundang CHA Hospital between July 2006 and June 2008. Their medical records were reviewed and compared with those of 45 children with rotaviral gastroenteritis. Results : In the...
Usefulness of early endoscopy for predicting the development of stricture after corrosive esophagitis in children
Ji Yong Park, Jee Youn Shin, Hye Ran Yang, Jae Sung Ko, Woo Sun Kim, Jeong Kee Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):446-452.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : This study was performed to demonstrate the usefulness of early endoscopy for predicting the development of stricture following corrosive ingestion in children. Methods : We conducted a retrospective study on 34 children who were brought to Seoul National University Childrens Hospital and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital for corrosive ingestion from 1989 to 2007. Results : The corrosive burns were...
Comparison between adverse effects of low and usual doses of intravenous aminophylline
Bok Ki Kim, Dae Hyun Lim, So Hyun Ahn, Jong Hoon Kwa, Jeong Hee Kim, Byong Kwan Son
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):441-445.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Some patients develop side effects from theophylline even at low serum concentrations. We designed a prospective study to evaluate the side effects of theophylline. Methods : A Prospective, controlled trial study was conducted. The low-dose group received an intravenous continuous aminophylline dose of 5 mg/kg/day on the first day and subsequently 10 mg/kg/day on the following two days....
Correlaton between soluble transferrin receptor concentration and inflammatory markers
So Young Kim, Meong Hi Son, Jung suk Yeom, Ji sook Park, Eun Sil Park, Ji-Hyun Seo, Jae-Young Lim, Chan-Hoo Park, Hyang-Ok Woo, Hee-Shang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):435-440.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : The concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is estimated as an iron parameter to evaluate erythropoiesis and iron status. The aim of our study is to evaluate the correlation between sTfR concentration and inflammatory parameters and to distinguish iron deficiency anemia from anemia of inflammation. Methods : One hundred and forty-four infants younger than two years of age who...
Clinical findings of severe amniotic fluid aspiration pneumonia and effects of surfactant replacement therapy
Sang Woo Park, Chun-Soo Kim, Sang-Lak Lee, Tae-Chan Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):429-434.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Severe aspiration of the amniotic fluid is known to cause fatal respiratory distress in neonates. We conducted this study to investigate the clinical findings of severe amniotic fluid aspiration pneumonia (AFAP) in neonates and the effect of pulmonary surfactant replacement therapy (SRT). Methods : Retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted on 28 patients who received ventilator care...
A study of adolescent smoking and drinking in Korea
Byung Keun Yu, Yeon Joung O, Jin Chul Lee, Kee-Hyoung Lee, Jung Hye Min, Sang Hee Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):422-428.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Adolescence is a period of growth and development in body structure and physiologic, psychologic, and social functioning. Smoking and drinking in this period are very harmful and may lead to other forms of substance abuse. We surveyed the actual aspects of smoking and drinking among Korean adolescents and analyzed associated factors. Methods : A survey was performed among adolescents...
Review Article
Development and language problems in children of immigrant marriages
Jae Woo Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):417-421.   Published online April 15, 2009
The number of international marriages in South Korea has drastically increased since the year 2000, and among these, the proportion of couples with a Korean husband and foreign wife accounts for more than 70%. At the same time, the number of children resulting from an international marriage has also risen dramatically; this tendency is especially evident in preschool children below...
Overseas adoption in Korea
Jae Yoon Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):410-416.   Published online April 15, 2009
In Korea, overseas adoption has been practiced for more than 50 years. Initially, overseas adoption began with the objective to provide permanent homes for Korean war orphans, including mixed-blood children. From 1953 to 2007, about 160,000 Korean children were placed worldwide through overseas adoption and approximately 70,000 children were adopted in Korea. During that period, Korea developed into one of...
Child raising and education of marriage-based immigrants in Korea: On the focus of infants
Dong-Hoon Seol
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):403-409.   Published online April 15, 2009
Due to recent upsurge in international marriages, the socio-cultural adaptation, the reinforcement of family stability, and the social integration support of marriage-based immigrant family have been the major social issues. This paper tries to show the current status of marriage-based immigrants and their children nation-wide. Specifically, it analyzes the statistical trends in international marriages, traits of marriage-based immigrants and their...
Erratum
A new strategy for transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus with recent-generation devices
Sang Yee Kim, Soo Hyun Lee, Nam Kyun Kim, Jae Young Choi, Jun Hee Sul
Accepted January 1, 1970  
Purpose : The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of recent-generation patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure devices applied by a new selection strategy according to the characteristics of each PDA. Methods : From February 2003 to January 2006, 138 patients underwent transcatheter closure of PDA (study group). According to the size and morphology of each...
[ERRATUM]Outcome of patients with neuroblastoma aged less than 1 year at diagnosis
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):392.   Published online March 15, 2009
Case Report
A case of antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome by lamotrigine mimicking infectious mononucleosis and atypical Kawasaki disease
Su Jung Yoo, Ihl Sung Park, Eun Sook Suh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):389-391.   Published online March 15, 2009
AHS는 항경련제에 의한 부작용으로 드물게 발생하지만 생명을 위협할 수 있는 지연형 면역반응이다. 보통 항경련제 복용 후 1-8주 사이에 고열, 피부발진, 림프절병증의 임상 증세를 나타내고, 혈액, 간, 신장, 또는 폐 등의 내부 장기를 침범한다. AHS는 항경련제에 의한 부작용으로 증상이 전신적으로 다양하게 나타날 수 있다. 그리고 전염성 단핵구증이나 가와사키병과 같은 전신적 질환들과도 유사한 임상증상들을 보이기 때문에 이런 질환들과 감별하는 것이 중요하고 사망률도...
A case of acute transverse myelitis following chickenpox
Min Young Kim, Eun Sook Suh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):380-384.   Published online March 15, 2009
Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) in most patients is characterized by an abrupt onset of progressive weakness and sensory disturbance in the lower extremities with a preceding viral infection such as Epstein-Barr, herpes simplex, influenza, mumps and Varicella-zoster viruses (VZV). Although less frequent, some residual deficits including bladder dysfunction or weakness in the lower extremities may follow ATM, from which recovery...
Pseudohypoaldosteronism in a premature neonate with severe polyhydramnios in utero
So Yoon Ahn, Son Moon Shin, Kyung Ah Kim, Yeon Kyung Lee, Sun Young Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):376-379.   Published online March 15, 2009
We report a case of a premature newborn baby who presented with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis accompanied by severe polyhydramnios in utero. The baby was diagnosed with pseudohypoaldosteronism on the basis of normal 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, elevated aldosterone, and clinical symptoms. His serum electrolyte levels were corrected with sodium chloride supplementation. Sodium supplementation was reduced gradually and discontinued at 5...
Original Article
Development of metabolic syndrome and its correlation with insulin resistance in adult patients with Turner syndrome
Joo Hwa Kim, Min Jae Kang, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):370-375.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : The risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease in Turner syndrome (TS) patients is high. We analyzed metabolic factors in adults with TS and evaluated the metabolic risk of insulin resistance. Methods : Forty-three adults with TS were enrolled. The frequency of MS and the values of the metabolic factors were analyzed. Patients were divided into insulin...
Clinical factors causing hyponatremia in patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Soo Yeon Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Jun Seok Choi, Jae Kyung Huh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):364-369.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : Clinical and laboratory findings predict a severe outcome for mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. This study aimed to define the clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with hyponatremia and to determine the factors associated with its development. Methods : Retrospective studies were performed on 114 KD patients who received an initial high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, single 2 g/kg/dose)...
Analysis of cytosine adenine repeat polymorphism of the IGF-I promoter gene in children with idiopathic short stature
Jae Hoon Moon, Woo Yeong Chun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):356-363.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : A polymorphism in the IGF-I gene promoter region is known to be associated with serum IGF-I levels, birth weight, and body length, suggesting that IGF-I gene polymorphism might influence postnatal growth. The present study aimed to investigate the role of this polymorphic cytosine-adenine (CA) repeat of the IGF-I gene in children with idiopathic short stature. Methods : The...
Comparison of predicted adult heights measured by Bayley-Pinneau and Tanner-Whitehouse 3 methods in normal children, those with precocious puberty and with constitutional growth delay
Yeon Joung Oh, Byung Keun Yu, Jung Yeon Shin, Kee-Hyoung Lee, Kwang Chul Lee, Chang Sung Son
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):351-355.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : This study compared bone ages measured by the Greulich-Pyle (GP) and Tanner-Whitehouse 3 (TW3) methods and investigated the differences in predicted adult heights measured by Bayley-Pinneau (BP) and TW3 methods. Methods : Bone ages were assessed from left-wrist radiographs by two investigators, one for each GP and TW3 methods in 85 normal children, 30 precocious puberty girls, and...
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