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"Most downloaded" Articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last six months.

Letter to the Editor
Hematology
Neutropenia following metamizole use in pediatric patients: a multicenter retrospective study   (8 times)
Meraj Alam Siddiqui, Arzu Akyay, Fatma Burcu Belen Apak, Özgür Carti, Canan Albayrak, Melek İşik, Zühre Kaya, Sevgi Yetgin, Lale Olcay
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(8):415-417.   Published online July 23, 2024
Original Article
Cardiology
Effect of face mask on pulmonary artery pressure during echocardiography in children and adolescents   (7 times)
Alireza Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza Sabri, Zohreh Sadat Navabi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):161-167.   Published online January 23, 2024
Question: Can face masks alter pulmonary pressure in children and adolescents with and without congenital heart disease?
Findings: Mask removal during echocardiography (ECHO) reduced pulmonary pressure.
Meaning: These findings suggest that face masks should be removed during ECHO in children and adolescents.
Editorial
Critical Care Medicine
Is it possible to provide palliative care to pediatric patients with neurological diseases?   (7 times)
Young-Hoon Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(8):403-404.   Published online February 15, 2024
· Patients with neurological diseases often require external mechanical support to maintain mechanical ventilation or supply.
· Little has been done to help the families of affected children make difficult decisions that carry significant physical and psychological consequences.
· The establishment of a department that provides pediatric palliative care for neurological patients should be considered.
Original Article
Genetics and Metabolism
Interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia   (7 times)
Seham Mohamed Ragab, Wafaa Moustafa Abo ElFotoh, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Hawy, Eman Abdelfatah Badr, Saara Khairat Ali Mostafa, Mai El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):465-473.   Published online July 24, 2024
· Polymorphisms in interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonists may significantly affect the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
· IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms are correlated with severity and susceptibility to primary ITP in children.
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Mortality of very low birth weight infants by neonatal intensive care unit workload and regional group status   (7 times)
Sung-Hoon Chung, Chae Young Kim, Yong-Sung Choi, Myung Hee Lee, Jae Woo Lim, Byong Sop Lee, Ki-Soo Kim; the Korean Neonatal Network
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):619-627.   Published online September 12, 2024
Question: How do structural and staffing characteristics of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) influence the mortality rates of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs)?
Findings: NICUs with higher staffing levels, particularly with more neonatologists, and those offering advanced care levels were associated with lower mortality rates. Additionally, regional disparities were observed, with some areas demon-strating significantly higher survival rates.
Meaning: Adequate staffing and equitable regional distribution of medical resources are crucial for improving survival outcomes in VLBWIs. Efforts to enhance NICU staffing and address regional healthcare disparities are essential for optimizing care quality and reducing mortality in this vulnerable population.
Letter to the editor
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare provision in youth with systemic lupus erythematosus   (7 times)
Punchita Apisrinitirath, Nuanpan Siripen, Pornpimol Rianthavorn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):628-631.   Published online October 28, 2024
Original Article
Gastroenterology
Efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide versus room-air insufflation in pediatric colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial   (7 times)
Ajay Aravind, Ujjal Poddar, Anshu Srivastava, Moinak Sen Sarma
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(8):594-600.   Published online March 11, 2025
CO2 insufflation has been used instead of air insufflation to reduce postprocedure pain and discomfort in adults; however, adequately powered studies in children are scarce. This randomized controlled trial of 200 children showed that CO2 insufflation reduces postprocedure pain and discomfort during pediatric colonoscopy with no signs of CO2 retention. CO2 insufflation is safe and causes less pain in children.
Editorial
Allergy
Trends in food allergen immunotherapy in Korea after changed national regulations   (6 times)
Tae Won Song
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(4):201-202.   Published online November 21, 2023
National regulations, academic guidelines, and clinical trends in food allergen immunotherapies (FA-AIT) differ among countries and have changed rapidly. Current officially approved FA-AIT are oral immunotherapy (OIT) using heated milk/egg in Korea and peanut OIT using standardized products in the United States and Europe. FA-AIT should be administered by specialist physicians with experience administering oral food challenge tests and managing severe allergic reactions inside and outside research settings.
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
Clinical considerations and practical issues of kidney complications in children after COVID-19 infection or vaccination   (6 times)
Jiwon Jung, Joo Hoon Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):35-36.   Published online November 17, 2023
· The proper monitoring for and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced acute kidney injury, which is common in critically ill children, are recommended.
· Glomerulopathy associated with COVID-19 or its vaccination has been reported, and the overall clinical course is similar to that of non-COVID-19-associated diseases.
· Additional COVID-19 vaccinations are recommended; however, careful and individualized decisions should be made in patients with COVID-19- or vaccination-associated glomerulopathy.
Clinical Note
Neurology
Expanding association between BICD2 variants and brain malformations and associated lissencephaly   (6 times)
Jaeso Cho, Haeryung Kim, Seoungbok Lee, Jihoon G Yoon, HyeJin Kim, Minhye Kim, Seoyun Jang, Woojoong Kim, Soo Yeon Kim, Jong Hee Chae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):54-56.   Published online December 21, 2023
Original Article
Oncology
Prognostic role of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin in predicting infection in pediatric cancer with febrile neutropenia   (6 times)
Seham M. Ragab, Sara Mahmoud El-Deeb, Ahmed Saeed, Asmaa A. Mahmoud
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(6):445-453.   Published online January 13, 2025
· Infection remains a leading cause of death in febrile neutropenia (FN).
· Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-ProADM) levels are higher among patients with FN and a bacterial infection.
· A longer FN duration and hospital stay length as well as elevated C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and MR-ProADM levels are significant risk factors for mortality.
Infection
Role of miRNA-146a and miRNA-125b in Helicobacter pylori   (6 times)
Nashwa Farouk Mohamed, Ola G.A. Behairy, Manal S. EL-Defrawy, Mona Mahmoud Elsayed, Naglaa F. Alhusseini
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(10):781-789.   Published online April 1, 2025
Question: Why is the early detection of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis in children important?
Finding: The early detection of H. pylori-related gastritis is crucial for its effective management, especially in pediatric patients with dyspepsia.
Meaning: The use of miRNA signatures could detect early gastritis, enabling timely H. pylori eradication treatment to mitigate growth delays and cancer risk.
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Oral administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuates intestinal injury in necrotizing enterocolitis   (5 times)
Yeong Seok Lee, Yong Hoon Jun, Juyoung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):152-160.   Published online February 19, 2024
Question: What is the optimal dose of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for treating necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and is orally administered BM-MSC effective?
Findings: High (1×106 cells) or multiple BM-MSC doses showed similar effects as low (1×105 cells) doses of intraperitoneally administered BM-MSCs. Furthermore, orally administered BM-MSCs were as effective as intraperitoneally administered BM-MSCs.
Meaning: Orally administered low-dose BM-MSCs are a potential treatment for NEC.
Clinical Note
Oncology
Right ventricular mass in a 10-year-old girl with osteosarcoma: an unusual case of asymptomatic cardiac metastasis   (5 times)
Jun Ah Lee, Hyun-Ju Lim, Jong Woong Park, Sang-Hoon Shin, Mi Hyang Kwak
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):725-727.   Published online November 26, 2024
Editorial
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Advancements and challenges in neonatal resuscitation: embracing laryngeal mask airways for improved outcomes   (5 times)
Jang Hoon Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):298-299.   Published online November 28, 2024
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is the most critical intervention provided during delivery room resuscitation. In the new guidelines, this recommendation has been expanded to suggest the use of laryngeal mask airyway (LMA) versus face masks for PPV. Evidence-based information and hands-on training related to this practice will help more healthcare providers become familiar with and appropriately use LMA during delivery room resuscitations.
Review Article
Other
Children’s health affected by parent’s behavioral characteristics: a review   (4 times)
Sung Eun Kim, Jongin Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(5):232-239.   Published online August 21, 2023
· Parents’ occupational hazards, long working hours, and smoking behaviors should be modified adequately to minimize adverse health effects on their children.
· As of 2023, several diseases from fetal exposure to occupational hazards can be compensated with Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance in South Korea.
· A directed acyclic graph is recommended for medical research to control the effects of parents’ behaviors on children’s health.
Letter to the Editor
Other
Adolescent hypertension and carotid intima-media thickness: significance of submillimetric differences   (4 times)
Christian Saleh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):104-105.   Published online November 28, 2024
Editorial
Immunology
Utility of eosinophil granule proteins in management of pediatric chronic cough   (3 times)
Chang-Keun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):519-520.   Published online April 17, 2024
· Pediatric chronic cough often involves eosinophilic inflammation; however, objective measurements are not routinely used in treatment decisions.
· Accurate biomarkers of eosinophil activity, such as eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and cationic proteins (ECP), should be used. EDN, which overcomes the shortcomings of ECP, recently received approval for use in Korean healthcare settings.
· EDN and ECP can play a role in treatment period and drug selection decisions.
Original Article
Cardiology
Comparative analysis of adolescent hypertension definitions for predicting early adulthood carotid artery intima-media thickness: Tehran lipid and glucose study   (3 times)
Maryam Barzin, Shirin Yaghoobpoor, Maryam Mahdavi, Behnaz Abiri, Majid Valizadeh, Fereidoun Azizi, Pooneh Dehghan, Farhad Hosseinpanah
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):694-703.   Published online September 12, 2024
Question: What is the prevalence of HTN among adolescents enrolled in the TLGS according to 3 different accepted definitions (4th report, ESH, and AAP-CPG). Also, what is the ability of each of these definitions in predicting early adulthood CIMT, as a surrogate for cardiovascular disease events?
Finding: The highest and lowest prevalence of stage 1 HTN was observed with the AAP-CPG (17.7%) and ESH (8.8%), respectively. Similarly, the highest and lowest prevalence of stage 2 HTN was noted with the AAP-CPG (1.5%) and ESH (0.8%), respectively. The highest to lowest predictive abilities belonged to the 4th report, ESH, and AAP-CPG, respectively.
Meaning: Among the various definitions of pediatric HTN, the 4th report offered the best ability to predict a high CIMT during early adulthood, followed by the ESH and AAP-CPG.
Editorial
Neurology
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clinical features of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis   (2 times)
Jon Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):456-458.   Published online March 25, 2024
· The frequency of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) was not significantly influenced by the pandemic.
· The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has further diversified the etiologic enteric viral pathogens of CwG.


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