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Original Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with intermittent sigh breaths on carbon dioxide levels in neonates
Kulthida Baingam, Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Manapat Praditaukrit, Gunlawadee Maneenil, Supaporn Dissaneevate
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):178-184.   Published online November 13, 2024
Question: Can sigh breaths (Sighs) application during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) decrease partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels?
Finding: The mean PaCO2 level after Sighs during HFOV was significantly decreased compared to that after HFOV alone (mean difference, -3.6 mmHg).
Meaning: HFOV plus Sighs functionality can reduce PaCO2 levels. However, further studies are required to conclusively determine the effects of Sighs.
Review Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Need for national guidance regarding proactive care of infants born at 22–23 weeks' gestation
Ga Won Jeon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(1):53-61.   Published online November 13, 2024
With advancements in neonatal intensive care, the limit of viability has shifted to 22–23 weeks' gestation, whose survival rates vary across countries and institutions. These rates are not static and can be improved through the proactive and centralized care guided by national protocols, including maternal transfer to high-activity regions with better neonatal intensive care practices before delivery.
Strategies to support language development in neonatal intensive care unit: a narrative review
Ju Sun Heo, Ee-Kyung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):651-663.   Published online November 6, 2024
· Preterm infants often experience speech and language development delays during early childhood, impacting children's ultimate outcomes.
· Promoting breastfeeding, increasing parent-infant interactions in a single-family room, promoting a nurturing language environment by parental book reading and language interventions, and parent-integrated interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit could potentially enhance children's language development.
· Integrating these strategies through family-centered care is essential.
Original Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Mortality of very low birth weight infants by neonatal intensive care unit workload and regional group status
Sung-Hoon Chung, Chae Young Kim, Yong-Sung Choi, Myung Hee Lee, Jae Woo Lim, Byong Sop Lee, Ki-Soo Kim; the Korean Neonatal Network
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(11):619-627.   Published online September 12, 2024
Question: How do structural and staffing characteristics of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) influence the mortality rates of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs)?
Findings: NICUs with higher staffing levels, particularly with more neonatologists, and those offering advanced care levels were associated with lower mortality rates. Additionally, regional disparities were observed, with some areas demon-strating significantly higher survival rates.
Meaning: Adequate staffing and equitable regional distribution of medical resources are crucial for improving survival outcomes in VLBWIs. Efforts to enhance NICU staffing and address regional healthcare disparities are essential for optimizing care quality and reducing mortality in this vulnerable population.
Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Asha P. Shetty, Kurvatteppa Halemani, Alwin Issac, Latha Thimmappa, Sanjay Dhiraaj, Radha K, Prabhaker Mishra, Vijai Datta Upadhyaya
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):104-115.   Published online November 14, 2023
Question: What emotions do parents experience when their newborns are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)?
Finding: Mothers experienced more anxiety (51%), depression (31%), and stress (41%) symptoms than fathers (26%, 12%, and 22%, respectively).
Meaning: Parents often experience anxiety, stress, and depression following NICU admission. Healthcare workers are responsible for providing regular parental counseling.
Review Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Neonatal family-centered care: evidence and practice models
Juyoung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(4):171-177.   Published online June 14, 2023
· Concrete evidence exists of early parent-infant attachment supported by family-centered care (FCC) in the neonatal intensive care unit.
· FCC involves the parents’ presence and participation in the infant’s care and decision-making.
· A private and comfortable space should be provided. A single-family room is ideal; however, a quiet space with a recliner can be a good alternative.
· Care culture changes and staff training are required.
Original Article
Other
Evaluation of goodness of fit of semiparametric and parametric models in analysis of factors associated with length of stay in neonatal intensive care unit
Fatemeh Kheiry, Sadegh Kargarian-Marvasti, Sima Afrashteh, Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi, Nima Daneshi, Salma Naderi, Seyed Hossein Saadat
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(9):361-367.   Published online June 10, 2020
Question: Hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with life-threatening hazards. What factors associated with neonatal length of stay (LOS) in the NICU?
Finding: Breastfeeding, phototherapy, acute renal failure (ARF), mechanical ventilation, and central venous catheter (CVC) access were identified as factors associated with NICU length of stay.
Meaning: Protective effects of breastfeeding and CVC access, whereas increase effects of phototherapy, ARF, and mechanical ventilation in LOS can be supporting evidence to establish effective interventions to reduce length of NICU stay.
Review Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Short- and long-term outcomes of very low birth weight infants in Korea: Korean Neonatal Network update in 2019
Jang Hoon Lee, YoungAh Youn, Yun Sil Chang; Korean Neonatal Network
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(8):284-290.   Published online February 5, 2020
The Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) has collected population-based data for very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) born in Korea since 2013. The survival rate of all VLBWIs was 86% in Korea. The overall prevalence of cerebral palsy was 6.2%–6.6%. Bilateral blindness and hearing loss were reported in 0.2%–0.3%, 0.8%–1.9%, respectively. The KNN has published annual reports and papers for facilitating the improvement of VLBWIs outcome in Korea.
Original Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Clinical features and prognostic factors of early-onset sepsis: a 7.5-year experience in one neonatal intensive care unit
Se Jin Kim, Ga Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Park, Sang Lak Lee, Chun Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(1):36-41.   Published online September 27, 2018

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the clinical features and prognostic factors of early-onset sepsis (EOS) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from January 2010 to June 2017 (7.5 years) of a university hospital NICU. Results: There were 45 cases of EOS (1.2%) in 3,862 infants. The most common pathogen responsible for...
Parental concerns about their premature infants' health after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit: a questionnaire survey for anticipated guidance in a neonatal follow-up clinic
Ji-Yun Cho, Juyoung Lee, Young Ah Youn, Soon Ju Kim, So Young Kim, In Kyung Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):272-279.   Published online August 23, 2012
Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate nursing information guideline according to corrected age, after investigating parents' concerns about the growth, development, and diseases of their premature infants after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods

The parents of premature infants (birth weight, <2,500 g; gestational age, <37 weeks) who went to a neonatal follow-up clinic after...

Changes in the outcomes of neonatal intensive care unit at a single center over 12 years
Hyun-Hee Lee, Tae-Yeon Kim, Seon-Hee Shin, Tae-Jung Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):881-887.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:The survival rate of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) had increased as a result of advances in neonatal intensive care. We evaluated the changes in outcomes of VLBWI who admitted to the neonatal care unit of Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital. Methods:Retrospective review of 339 VLBWI who were born from 1st January 1997 to 31th December 2008 were performed. Outcomes including survival...
Review Article
What can we do for dying neonate in NICU?
Chung-Sik Chun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):851-855.   Published online August 15, 2009
Death is not only a medical problem; it is also an ethical problem. When doctors face a dying neonate, their knowledge of bioethics and the opinions of ethical specialists and religious leaders are helpful for them and the family of the dying baby. In recent years, due to the increase of surviving babies who have suffered from severe illness, those born too...
Current status of neonatal intensive care units in Korea
Son-Moon Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(3):243-247.   Published online March 15, 2008
Neonatal intensive care in Korea has improved remarkably since the 1990s, but there is still a shortage of facilities and equipment in NICUs. Only 71.1% of the beds needed for neonatal intensive care are available. Mechanical ventilators are not appropriately distributed to the NICUs that are equipped to handle neonatal intensive care. The number of doctors is far too small,...
Case Report
Two cases of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum infection in a neonatal intensive care unit
Hye Sun Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(7):698-701.   Published online July 15, 2007
We report on two premature infants who developed nosocomial infection caused by Chryseobacterium meningosepticum in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). One premature infant developed sepsis, meningitis, and hydrocephalus, and was treated successfully with ciprofloxacin plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination therapy for 4 weeks and with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The other premature infant, who was in a chronically debilitated state, had infection...
Original Article
Neonatal Systemic Candidiasis : Comparison of Albicans and Parapsilosis Infection
Jung Mie Han, Ho Young Lee, Mi Jeong Kang, Sun Young Ko, Yun Sil Chang, Won Soon Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(8):1052-1058.   Published online August 15, 2000
Purpose : Systemic Candidiasis has become an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in NICU infants. Severe infections caused by non-albicans Candida species have been increasingly reported in NICU infants. The purpose of the present study was to compare relative severity, mortality rates for C. albicans(CA) and C. parapsilosis(CP) infections in our NICU. Methods : This study included 16 infants...
Clinical and Molecular-epidemiologic Analysis of A Nosocomial Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Hye Kyung Lee, Han Jin Kim, Young Chang Kim, Sung Ran Cho, Hwi Jun Kim, Wee Gyo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(1):43-48.   Published online January 15, 2000
Purpose : Acinetobacter species are aerobic gram-negative rods that can be widely found in nature and are a part of the normal flora of humans. The most clinical isolates of A. baumannii reflect infection rather than colonization. Recent reports suggest that the organisms cause serious and often fetal nosocomial infection such as ventilator-associated pneumonia. Methods : From March to September 1998, we experienced thirty...
Compatibility of Neonatal Parenteral Nutrient Solutions with Commonly Used Drugs during Y-site Delivery in NICU
Ju Hun Choi, Kyong Ju Jeong, Ha Ryung Cho, Dong Soo Yim, Seung Ki Choi, Kyu Hyung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1998;41(7):893-900.   Published online July 15, 1998
Purpose : Because vascular access sites in neonates are limited, intravenous(IV) medications must often be mixed with maintenance fluids, including parenteral nutrient(PN) solutions. This study was done to determine whether IV medications commonly prescribed in the neonatal in- tensive care unit(NICU) are compatible with the two neonatal PN solutions. Methods : The compatibility of neonatal PN solutions and selected other drugs...
Clinical Characteristics of Inborn and Outborn Infants Admitted to the NICU
Hyun Cheol Lee, Jin Young Choi, Hwang Min Kim, Baek Keun Lim, Jong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(12):1647-1655.   Published online December 15, 1993
Regionalization of high-risk perinatal care has been advocated because intensive care of small and ill newborn infants lowers mortality and morbidity. This report is based on analysis of admissions to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at the Wonju Christian Hospital during the 4-year period from January, 1988 to December, 1991. There were 786 inborn infants and 1155 outborn...
Clinical and Statistical Study of High Risk Infants.
B K Chung, S K Kim, S O Byun, M H Shin, J S Oh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1984;27(1):9-18.   Published online January 31, 1984
Clinical study was done on 6,588 liveborn infants and 2,644 high risk infants who were born in WMBH during the period of 2 years from June 1980 to May 1982. The following results were obtained: 1)Of 6,588 liveborn infants 2,644, 40,1%, were born associated with high risk factors. The mortality rate was 1.47% in normal newborn infant. 2)High risk factors...
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